Nephrolepis ndi epiphytic kapena fern padziko lapansi kuchokera ku banja la Davallian. Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhalango zowirira zomwe zimakhala ku Southeast Asia, Africa ndi Australia. Pakati pa maluwa amkati, nephrolepis imakhala patsogolo kwambiri pazokongola ndi zofunikira. Amapanga nthenga zazitali za emarodi ndipo, m'malo abwino, amatha kukula mpaka 15% yobiriwira wobiriwira pamwezi. Nthawi yomweyo, fern amaonedwa kuti ndiyeretsa weniweni, ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kutulutsa zodetsa zochokera mumlengalenga ndikupanga mpweya wambiri.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Nephrolepis ndi fern wokula msanga. Ili ndi buluzi wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo timabowo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapangika. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi masikelo oyera oyera. Mu malo achilengedwe, matchuthi amakula kutalika ndi 1-3 m, koma m'malo mchipinda amakhala ochepa masentimita 45-50.
Zomera zimakhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino, masamba ofupika pafupifupi 70 cm. Amakula mokhazikika kapena kukhazikika mu arc pansi pa kulemera kwawo. Ma loboti owoneka ngati tating'ono kapena patali akhala ndi mbali kapena mawonekedwe a wavy komanso malo onyezimira. Kutalika kwa gawo limodzi sikupitirira masentimita 5. Mbali yokhotakhota ya masamba, zofanana ndi zotupa zamkati ndi zironda zooneka ngati impso, zobisika pansi pa chotchinga chachikasu. Mitundu ya masamba imatha kukhala emarodi, yobiriwira kapena yobiriwira.
Nthambi zimamera mumtunda wokulirapo pafupi ndi nthaka. Zimayambira mu njira yosinthasintha yopingasa, yofanana ndi masharubu a mphesa kapena sitiroberi, imafalikira pansi ndikukula malo atsopano. Kwa iwo pambuyo pake kukhazikitsa tchire labwinolo.
Mitundu ya Nephrolepis
Mitundu ya nephrolepis imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 20 yazomera. Zonsezi ndizoyenera kulimidwa ngati zanyumba, koma pali mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imakondedwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa.
Nephrolepis imakwezedwa. Ground kapena epiphytic fern ndi muzu wofalikira mpaka kuzama kwa nthaka. Amamanga veyi wamkulu wamisala. Masamba obiriwira osapitirira 70 cm mulitali magawo a lanceolate mpaka 5 cm. Ali ndi mbali zam'mphepete, malo owoneka bwino komanso ozungulira mabatani kumbuyo. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Nephrolepis Smith. Chomera chokhala ndi masamba anayi amiyeso amtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira chimakhala ngati bala. Chimawoneka chachikulu pakupachika maluwa ndikulemba mitundu yolimba, yopindika.
- Nephrolepis Green Lady. Masamba owoneka bwino amtundu wobiriwira amatambalala gulu labwino kwambiri. Ma openwork lobes okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy ndi nsonga yolowera amakhala pafupi ndi inzake ndipo amapanga kasupe wobiriwira weniweni.
- Nephrolepis Boston. Timaluwa a Fern timatseka vayi mpaka 1.2 m kutalika ndi masamba opangidwa mwamphamvu. M'mphepete mwa zigawozo ndizokhotakhota kapena zokutidwa ndi mafunde.
- Roosevelt Nephrolepis. Vaiyas wamkulu, wokula bwino wamtundu wowala wobiriwira amakhala ndi magawo ambiri okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy.
- Nephrolepis Tiger. Magawo obiriwira obiriwira amaphimbidwa ndi mikwingwirima yokongola yobiriwira yomwe imachokera mkati mwa mbali zonse ziwiri.
Nephrolepis wamtima. Mphukira zam'munsi zimakutidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ngati ma tubers. Kutupa kumeneku kumakulungidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono oyera kapena siliva. Vaji yosakhazikika yokhala ndi petiole yofiyira ndi masamba owoneka bwino ndi oundana kwambiri. Magawo akuluakulu okhala ndi konsekonse ozungulira amapezeka pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake.
Nephrolepis ndi xiphoid. Chomera chachikulu chomwe chiri choyenera kwambiri nyumba za anthu, m'malo mwa nyumba zazing'ono. Vaji yake yoluka kapena yomata imakula 1-2,5 m kutalika. Magawo okhala amtundu wobiriwira amtundu wobiriwira wokhazikika ali ndi m'mbali.
Spore kufalitsa
Nephrolepis imatha kufalitsidwa ndi spores komanso vegetatively. Kukula fern kuchokera ku spores ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta, chifukwa chake sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ndi yopanda chonde ndipo sabala ana opindulitsa. Ngati mukuchita kufesa spore, muyenera kudula pepala lokhala ndi chinyengo chamatsenga ndikuyeretsa spore ndi supuni papepala. Ziphwanyidwazo zimawuma m'malo amdima nyemba, kenako zibzalidwe.
Ndikofunikira kukonza nyumba yobiriwira momwe peat yonyowa yomwe kale idasalidwa ndi madzi otentha imayikidwa. Zomera zazing'ono zimayikidwa panthaka ndikuyambira kwa 3 cm. Kuwaza pamwamba sikofunikira. Nthaka imapoperedwa ndikuusungidwa ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kuwala kuyenera kuzimiririka. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, matuwa obiriwira owoneka ngati moss azituluka. Awa ndi gawo loyambilira lokhala chomera. Pakakhala chinyezi chachikulu, mmera umadzalowetsedwa ndipo pakatha miyezi inanso iwiri, ma fern amapanga. Pokhapokha amatha kuziika mosamala kwambiri m'magulu awiri azomera 2-3. Kukula kumapitilizidwa m'malo otentha komanso opepuka.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Pa masharubu osunthika, timabowo ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi masamba ofanana ndi timapepala tating'ono timapangidwa nthawi zonse. Popanda kusiyanitsa ndalamazo ndi chomera, chimakumbidwira m'nthaka ndikuya kuya kwa 5-8 mm. Pamwamba ndi masamba kumanzere padziko. Mizu imatenga masabata 1-2, kenako ana amasiyanitsidwa ndikukula okha.
Panyengo yophukira, tchire lolimba kwambiri la nephrolepis ligawika. Chomera chimachotsedwa pamphika, chimamasulidwa ku gawo la dongo ndipo chimadulidwa mzidutswa ndi mpeni. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi malo okula 1-3. Kubzala kumachitika m'miphika yosiyana. Zomera zimadzala pamtunda wambiri komanso kutentha kwa mpweya + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Delenki amakula pang'onopang'ono, popeza amayamba kumera ndipo pokhapokha amayamba kutulutsa masamba.
Ngati mitundu ya nephrolepis imapanga tubers pamizu, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka. The tuber amalekanitsidwa ndi muzu ndi kuwokedwa mozama lonyowa, lotayirira nthaka. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mphukira yaying'ono idzawonekera. Kukula kumayenda pang'onopang'ono, koma mbewuyo imalandira zinthu zonse zosiyanasiyana.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Nephrolepis, mosiyana ndi ma fernally ena owopsa, amaonedwa ngati chomera komanso chopanda mavuto. Ndipo, komabe, kuti chimakula msanga ndipo chimakondwera ndi mafuta obiriwira, mikhalidwe ina ndiyofunikira.
Kuwala Ndikofunika kuyika miphika kutali ndi zenera (pamthunzi pang'ono kapena pakona pang'ono). Kuwongolera dzuwa mwachindunji pamasamba kumatsutsana. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kupereka maola owerengera maola 12-16 maola pachaka chonse. Mutha kuyika mbewu pazenera za kum'mawa kapena kumpoto. M'chilimwe, tulutsani maluwa pa khonde.
Kutentha Ngakhale chilimwe, ndikulangizidwa kuti musakweze kutentha kwa mpweya kuposa + 22 ... + 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, ferns imamera ku + 14 ... + 15 ° C. Malo otentha kwambiri m'chipindacho, mpweya wake umakhala chinyezi chambiri.
Chinyezi. Chinyezi sikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 60%. Nephrolepis iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikutsukidwa. Ngati masamba ayambauma kuzungulira m'mphepete, ngati kukonzanso, ma fern amayikidwa mu aquarium yopanda kapena yokutidwa ndi cap.
Kuthirira. Ndikosatheka kupukuta dothi, nthawi zonse liyenera kukhala lonyowa. M'masiku otentha, nephrolepis imathiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndimadzi ambiri oyeretsedwa bwino. Madzi owonjezera amatsanulidwa kuchokera pachifuwa. Mukazizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Feteleza Popeza fern ikukula mwachangu, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe imafunika kudyetsedwa katatu pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala apadera a ferns kapena masamba okongoletsa masamba. Mlingo umachepetsedwa ndi 2-4.
Thirani Nephrolepses amawokedwa zaka zonse 1-3. Gwiritsani ntchito miphika yayikulu osati yozama kwambiri. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba osinthika obzalidwa mumiphika. Zida zowongolera zimatsanuliridwa pansi pa thankiyo. Simungathe kutenga poto yokulirapo nthawi yomweyo, apo ayi nthaka ingakhale acidic kapena mizu yoola. Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe opepuka komanso mpweya wokwanira. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimatenga dothi lodziyankhira, zidutswa za peat ndi malo obiriwira malo olingana. Zomera sizingabzalidwe kwambiri. Khosi la muzu ndi gawo la mizuyo liyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Kudulira. Korona wa emerald wa nephrolepis ndi wokongola pawokha ndipo safuna kuumbidwa. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira mwaukhondo ndikuchotsa achikasu ndi owuma wai.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Nephrolepis amalimbana ndi matenda a chomera, koma amatha kudwala matenda a majeremusi. Nthawi zambiri, amavutitsidwa ndi kangaude, mbewa yoyera kapena aphid. M'nyumba ferns nthawi zambiri samakhala parates. Tizilombo timayambitsa mbewu zokha zomwe zimayima mumsewu kapena pafupi ndi maluwa ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Nyengo yotentha imakhala yoopsa kwambiri pamene mpweya uwuma kwambiri. Kupulumutsa nephrolepis kumathandizira mankhwala ophera tizirombo mogwirizana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
Mavuto angapo amatha kuthana ndikusintha mndende. Nawa mavuto akuluakulu omwe amalima maluwa amakumana nawo ndi mayankho awo:
- m'mphepete mwa masamba youma - mbewu zimathiridwa nthawi zambiri;
- Ulesi ndi kuyenderera waiy zikuwonetsa kuthirira kosakwanira;
- masamba amataya mtundu wawo wokhazikika ndikusintha - chomera chimayima pamalo owala kwambiri;
- masamba a bulauni kapena achikasu - kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya;
- kutsika kapena kukomoka mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe - kusowa kwa feteleza, dothi losauka kapena kutseka mphika kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Fern
Nefrolepis fern ndi yabwino popanga nyumba, maofesi ndi mabungwe ena aboma. Itha kumera pomwe maluwa ena ambiri amkati alibe kuwala kokwanira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakula modabwitsa komanso lalikulu la msipu.
Chifukwa cha zochuluka zamasamba, nephrolepis imadzaza mpweya ndi mpweya ndikuwayeretsa ku zodetsa, osangotulutsa mpweya wokha, komanso mafungo ena owopsa kwa anthu.
Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zofala, fern amayenera kukhazikitsidwa m'nyumba ya munthu wamanyazi, wosatetezeka. Amapereka chitsimikizo kwa mwini wake ndikubweretsa bizinesi yabwino, amateteza ku zinthu zopanda pake kapena zamwano.
