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Nthaka

Kodi nthaka ndi mtundu wanji?

Kwa woyang'anira minda ndi woyang'anira munda, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi khalidwe la nthaka mu chiwembu chake.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

  • chithunzi;
  • luso lopitirira mpweya;
  • zosakaniza;
  • mphamvu ya kutentha;
  • kuchulukitsa;
  • chithunzi;
  • Kuzaza ndi michesi ndi zinthu zambiri, organic.
Phunzitsani zamasamba za mtundu wa nthaka komanso zizindikiro zawo zidzakuthandizani kusankha mbewu zabwino m'munda, kutenga feteleza ndikukonzekera bwino njira zamagetsi.

Clayey


Ili ndi nthaka yokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera, yopangidwira bwino, yomwe ili ndi dongo 80%, imatenthetsa pang'ono ndipo imatulutsa madzi. Kupita mpweya wosauka, komwe kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa zinthu zakuthupi mmenemo. Pamene kumanyowa kutsekemera, zomangira, pulasitiki. Kuchokera pamenepo, mukhoza kupukusira bar 15-18 masentimita yaitali, pomwepo mosavuta, popanda ming'alu, atakulungidwa mu mphete. Kawirikawiri dongo dothi ndi acidified. N'zotheka kusintha agrotechnical zizindikiro za dongo nthaka pang'onopang'ono, pa nyengo zingapo.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwotcha bwino kwa mabedi kumadera ozizira, iwo amapangidwa mochuluka kwambiri, mbewuzo sizikudziwika pang'ono pansi. M'dzinja, kusanayambe kwa chisanu, iwo amakumba pansi, musati muthe misozi.
Konzani dothi izi mwa kupereka:
  • Limu kuchepetsa acidity ndi kusintha aeration - 0.3-0.4 makilogalamu pa mita mita. m, wopangidwa m'dzinja;
  • mchenga wa kusinthanitsa bwino chinyezi, osapitirira makilogalamu 40 / mita imodzi;
  • peat kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka, kuonjezera kukonda;
  • phulusa lokhazikika ndi mchere;
  • manyowa, kompositi kuti abweretse nkhokwe zachilengedwe, 1.5-2 zidebe pamtunda wa mita imodzi. mamita pachaka.
Peat ndi phulusa zimapereka zopanda malire.

Dothi la mtundu uwu liyenera kumasulidwa momasuka ndi kulumikizidwa. Mizu ya mbewu, tchire ndi mitengo yomwe ili ndi mizu yopangidwa bwino imakula bwino pa dongo la dothi.

Mukudziwa? Mphesa zofiira za kalasi yamakono "Merlot" imakula bwino padothi la dongo la Pomerol, dera laling'ono kwambiri lomwe likukula vinyo ku France, m'chigawo cha Bordeaux.

Loamy

Kunja mofanana ndi dothi, koma ndi zikhalidwe zabwino za ulimi. Loam, ngati mukufuna kuwona momwe zilili, ndi nthaka, yomwe ingakulungidwe mu nthaka yonyowa yonyowa mu soseji ndipo yolowetsedwa mu mphete. Chitsanzo cha nthaka ya loamy imapanga mawonekedwe ake, koma imaphulika. Mtundu wa loam umadalira zosafunika ndipo ukhoza kukhala wakuda, imvi, bulauni, wofiira ndi wachikasu.

Chifukwa cha kusaloĊµerera pakati pa asidi, kupanga moyenera (dongo - 10-30%, mchenga ndi zina zosafunika - 60-90%), loam ndi yachonde kwambiri komanso yadziko lonse, yoyenera kukula pafupifupi mbewu zonse. Kapangidwe ka nthaka kamadziwika ndi makonzedwe abwino, omwe amalola kuti akhale osasunthika, kuti apitirize mpweya bwino. Chifukwa cha kusakaniza kwa dongo loam yaitali kumatenga madzi.

Kuonetsetsa kuti zowonjezereka zimapangitsa kuti:

  • mulching;
  • Zomera feteleza ndi feteleza;
  • Kutulutsa manyowa m'dzinja kukumba.

Sandy

Kuwala, kumasuka, kudutsa nthaka yamchenga kumakhala ndi mchenga wambiri, sungasunge chinyezi ndi zakudya.

Makhalidwe abwino a mchenga amaphatikizapo kupuma bwino ndi kutentha kwachangu. Pa nthaka iyi ikukula bwino:

  • mitengo ndi mabulosi;
  • mphesa;
  • strawberries;
  • kaloti;
  • anyezi;
  • currant;
  • zomera za banja la dzungu.
Kuonjezera zokolola pansi pa mbeu zimapanga organic ndi mchere feteleza.

Mchenga ukhoza kulimbidwa popanga zowonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe:

  • peat;
  • humus;
  • kubowola ndi ufa wadongo.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino "feteleza wobiriwira" - manyowa omwe amamera kuti apange malo abwino. Izi ndi zomera zomwe zimabzalidwa pa webusaitiyi, kenako zimakumba, zimachoka mumdima wobiriwira komanso mizu. Zitsanzo za zodula: clover, vetch, alfalfa, soya, sainfoin.
Kusokoneza bwino kumawathandiza mawonekedwe a gawo lapansi ndikukhala ndi organic ndi mineral substances.

Pofuna kusunga chuma, pali njira ina yokonza mabedi - nyumba ya dothi.

M'malo mwa mabedi, dothi la 5-6 masentimita limatsanulidwa, pamwamba pake nthaka yothira imagwiritsidwa ntchito - loam, nthaka yakuda, nthaka ya mchenga loam, imene zomera zimabzalidwa. Dothi la dothi lidzasunga chinyezi ndi zakudya. Ngati palibe nthaka yachonde yophetsera mabedi, ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi mchenga wamtengo wapatali wosakaniza ndi zowonjezera zowonongeka ndi kubereka.

Sandy

Kuti tipeze dothi lamtundu uwu, timayesanso kupanga bagel ku dothi lapansi. Nthaka ya mchenga imalowerera mu mpira, koma sizigwira ntchito kuti ipange mu bar. Mchenga umene uli m'menemo uli 90%, dothi kufika 20%. Chitsanzo china cha dothi lomwe silikusowa mtengo komanso kubwezeretsa nthawi yaitali. Gawo lapansi ndi lopepuka, limathamanga mofulumira, limatentha kwambiri, limakhala ndi chinyezi komanso zinthu zowonongeka, ndizosavuta kuchita.

Ndikofunika kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera kuti mubzala ndi kusunga chonde:

  • kugwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi feteleza;
  • mulching ndi manyowa wobiriwira.

Calcareous

Dothi la mitundu iyi likhoza kukhala losavuta ndi lolemera, zovuta zawo ndi izi:

  • umphawi - magawo ochepa a zakudya;
  • otsika acidity;
  • chithunzi;
  • kuyanika mwamsanga
Kupititsa patsogolo nthaka:

  • ntchito yomanga fetashi;
  • ammonium sulphate ndi urea kuonjezera asidi;
  • mulching;
  • chisokonezo;
  • kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic.
Kuti asunge chinyezi, dothi lobala limayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse.

Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya mphesa imakula pamtunda wa calcareous wa Champagne "Sauvignon Blanc" ndi "Chardonnay", zomwe zimapangitsa vinyo wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse.

Peat

Dothi limeneli limakhala ndi acidity, kutentha pang'ono, limatha kukhala lamadzi.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimakhala zosavuta kulima. Kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamagetsi za peat kapena dothi limalola kuyamba:

  • mchenga, ufa wa dothi - pofuna kupewa kutsika kwawo m'deralo kumakhala kukumba;
  • organic feteleza - kompositi, slurry;
  • zowonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - kuti tifulumizitse kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala;
  • feteleza phosphate feteleza.
Kubzala mitengo yamaluwa yotulutsidwa m'dzenje ndi loam kapena nthaka ina.

Currant, jamu, phiri phulusa, ndi sitiroberi zipatso zokolola zambiri pa peat dothi.

Chernozems

Iwo amawerengedwa kuti amatanthauzidwa chifukwa cha nthaka yawo. Zilibe zowonongeka zowonongeka. Kutalika kusunga chinyezi. Chomera kwambiri, chimakhala ndi humus ndi minerals ambiri, koma amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito bwino:

  • feteleza ndi manyowa obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asatope;
  • kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthaka, peat ndi mchenga zinawonjezeredwa;
  • Kukonza kayendedwe ka asidi kumapanga mavitamini oyenera.
Ngati mukufuna kuonjezera zokolola za mbeu zanu, onetsetsani kuti feteleza ndi dothi losiyana.
Pogwiritsira ntchito mfundo za ulimi wamaluso ndi zaulimi, mutha kusintha mtundu wa nthaka ya mtundu uliwonse.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa