Caladium ndi chomera chokongola ndi masamba okongoletsa. Ndi ya banja la Aroid ndipo imagawidwa m'malo otentha komanso otentha a Latin America. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwa masamba, caladium amatchedwa "mapiko a angelo", "makutu a njovu" ndi "mtima wa Yesu." Kalanga ine, nthawi yakuuka komanso yogwira ntchito ndi miyezi yowerengeka chabe pachaka. Ngati mumapereka kalatayo ndi zinthu zabwino, imapanga chitsamba chamtengo chokhala ndi masamba okongola modabwitsa.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Caladium ndi chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous chokhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri. Kutalika kwa tuber yolusa yotalika masentimita 7 mpaka 7. Kukula zingapo titha kuwoneka kumtunda. Mizu ya foda imamera kuchokera pansi pa tuber.
Makulidwe amoyo a caladium amagawika nthawi yopuma komanso kukula kwantchito. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, mphukira zake zonse zimayamba kuyanika. Mpaka mwezi wa Marichi, timatumba tokha timasungidwa. Kumayambiriro koyambira, mphukira zazing'ono zimatuluka padziko lapansi.
Masamba a caladium pamtambo wautali wautali umamera mwachindunji kuchokera ku tuber. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kutalika mamita 5. Zomera zamkati ndizotalika 40-90 masentimita. Chingwe chojambula ngati mivi kapena chokhala ndi mtima chili ndi mitundu yosiyana. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 15. Popeza masamba ndiye chinthu chokongoletsera chachikulu, pali mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yazipatso zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomera ndi rasipiberi, siliva, pinki.
Chakumapeto kwa kasupe, kuoneka masamba 4 oyamba, inflorescence imayamba kukhazikika - khutu lakumaso kwa kuwala kwa chikasu. Chozunguliridwa ndi chotchinga chobiriwira choyera. Maluwa pafupifupi samayenda ndi fungo ndipo amangokhala masiku ochepa. Pambuyo kupukutira, zipatso zowala mosiyanasiyana zimacha. M'nyumba, maluwa ndi zipatso zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Mitundu ya Caladium
Mitundu ya Caladium imaphatikizapo mitundu 15 yayikulu. Tiyeni tiwone ena a iwo.
Caladium Humboldt. Ndizinthu zamtunduwu komanso mitundu yochokera pamaziko ake omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri mchikhalidwe. Chomera chosakhazikikachi chimakhala ndi maluwa a masamba owoneka ngati mivi mpaka 10cm ndipo kutalika kwa 5 cm. Maluwa a maluwa a inflorescence mu Epulo, koma samakopa chidwi chachikulu.
Caladium wa Schomburg. Zomera zimakonda nkhalango zachinyontho za ku Brazil. Masamba ovundikira amakula mpaka 15 cm ndi mulifupi masentimita 12. Mbali yakutsogolo, tsamba limapaka utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mitsempha yobiriwira. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Venosum - pa tsamba loyambira chomera, m'malire ndi pakati mwamtsempha amasonyezedwa ofiira, mitsempha yammbali imaphatikizidwa ndi madontho achikasu;
- Erythraeum - pa pepala lofiira la pepala lakuda, mapatani asiliva amapezeka m'mphepete.
Caladium Bicolor wamba ku Antilles. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba amtundu wa sagittal mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm. Mitundu yofiira, rasipiberi, yowoneka bwino yobiriwira imakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Khutu limawonekera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa February.
Chikhalidwe chimayang'aniridwa osati ndi mitundu ya caladiums, koma mitundu yosakanizidwa. Pakati pawo, zotsatirazi ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri:
- Rosalie - malire obiriwira owoneka bwino amawoneka pamasamba ofiira;
- Kukongola kwapinki - pakati pakhalepo kupaka utoto wa pinki, m'mphepete mwake pali malire wobiriwira, ndipo mitsemayo imaphatikizidwa ndi mzere wowala wa pinki;
- Florida Cardinal - rasipiberi wowoneka bwino amasiyidwa m'mphepete mwa chingwe chowala chobiriwira;
- Khrisimasi Yoyera - pachilala cha siliva pali timizeremizere tamdima wobiriwira m'mitsempha ndi malo ang'onoang'ono obiriwira.
Kukula
Kuberekanso kwa caladium kumapangidwa ndi njira zamasamba ndi mbewu. Mbewu zimataya msanga mphamvu yake ya kumera, ndipo ndizosatheka kuzifikitsa kunyumba. Mbande sizimalandira chomera chamtundu wa mayi. Mbewu zimapangidwa mumtsuko wokhala ndi dothi lokhalokha. Pukutani pakhungu la + 25 ... + 30 ° C pansi pa kanema kapenagalasi, m'malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri. Mphukira zimawonekera patatha milungu itatu. Amatsanulidwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda oyeretsedwa. Mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbande zimapanga timabowo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timatha kudziyimira tokha nthawi yozizira.
Kupanga kwamasamba kumachitika mwa njira yogawa kapena kuzika kwa mizu ya mwana wamkazi. Chakumapeto kwa February, tuber lalikulu lokhala ndi masamba angapo limaduladuka. Gawoli lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi impso ziwiri. Malo omwe amakhala ndi magawo oboweka makala osalaza ndikuwuma masana. Pambuyo pake, tuber imabzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa mwapadera.
Ngati pakati pa nyengo mwana wakhanda amapezeka pafupi ndi mayi tuber, nthawi yamasika akhoza kubzalidwe mumphika wina ndikukula ngati mbewu yodziyimira payokha.
Ndizotheka kufalitsa caladium ndi petioles. Kwa izi, tsamba lokhala ndi phesi limadulidwa kumapeto kwenikweni kumapeto kwa Meyi. Muziviika m'madzi ofunda. Thumba laling'onoting'ono likapangidwa kumapeto kwa petiole, limasanjidwa ndikukhala dothi la peaty. Mukugwa, kukula kwa tuber kumafikira 5-7 mm ndipo mbewuyo imakhala yolowa.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kunyumba, sizovuta kwambiri kusamalira caladium. Kalanga, duwa limakondwera ndi masamba okongola kwa miyezi ingapo, koma zitatha izi, limafunikanso kusamalidwa nthawi yopanda zipatso.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ma tubers amawazika. Muphika uyenera kukwanira kukula kwa mabatani. Chaching'ono chingabzalidwe zingapo mumphika umodzi, koma muyenera kuwasiya kuti azikula. Dontho la pinki pa tubers liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Kuti tipeze chitsamba chachikulu chofalikira, timabowo timabzalidwa mpaka 5,5 cm.
Ndikofunika kutenga zosakanizika zamtunda za caladium. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi kuwala komanso kukhathamira kwamadzi ambiri. Asili acidity sayenera kulowerera. Kuphatikizikako nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi humus ndi masamba, peat, mchenga wamchere ndi makala ena.
Kuwala kwa caladium kumafunika kwambiri, koma kuyipitsa. Masamba okongola kwambiri, kuwala kumafunikira. Dzuwa mwachindunji limayambitsa kutentha. Zotsatira zake, mawanga oyipawo amakhala otuluka. Ndikofunika kuyika miphika ndi caladium kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kumadzulo.
Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 22 ... + 27 ° C. Kuzizira m'munsi mwa + 20 ° C sikofunikira panthawi iliyonse, ngakhale panthawi yopuma.
Caladium imatha kuzolowera yachilendo chinyezi. Amayankha moyamikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumatsogolera pakuuma masamba ndi kuchepa kwa kukula. Ngati ndi kotheka, ma pallet omwe amakhala ndi dongo lonyowa amayikidwa pafupi ndi tchire.
Caladium imakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono kuti madzi asasunthike pansi. Dothi lapamwamba pakati pa kuthirira liyenera kuuma. Kuyambira mu Ogasiti, masamba akayamba kufa, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndikupumira pang'onopang'ono. Panthawi yonse yopumira, kuthirira dothi ndi supuni zingapo zamadzi ndikuloledwa. Chapakatikati, pakubwera kwa zikumera, kuthilira kumawonjezeka, koma mosamala kwambiri.
Feteleza wa Caladium umayamba mu Juni, pomwe masamba ambiri adzayamba kale. Yankho la sabata iliyonse la mchere wophatikiza ndi phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu amathira pansi. Zomera zimatha mu Ogasiti.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Pa dormancy, caladium tubers atengeke kuti avunde. Ngati madera okhudzidwawo akapezeka, amadulidwira minofu yathanzi ndikuthandizidwa ndi fungicides ya ufa. Kuvala kumayenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse poika zina. Masamba amatha kudwala mochedwa. Amathandizidwanso ndi fungicide.
Caladium imatha kukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ma mebubugs ndi akangaude. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, ndikofunika kuchapukuta masamba ndikusamba osamba, kenako ndikuwachiritsa.
