Anthu osuta amatha kupezeka bowa omwe amakula pa mitengo ndi stumps. Komabe, monga lamulo, iwo samamvetsera iwo, chifukwa amawaona kuti ndi ofedible, kapena safuna kuti azikhala nawo nthawi zosazolowereka. Zoonadi pali zakudya zochepa, ndi chokoma ndi chopatsa thanzi - komanso ngakhale pang'ono. Komabe, ndi zothandiza kuphunzira zambiri za iwo. Zimene tikufuna kuchita powerenga nkhaniyi. M'menemo mudzapeza zithunzi ndi mayina a bowa pamtengo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo yankho la funsoli: kodi amadya kapena ayi?
Kodi n'zotheka kudya?
Monga momwe talembera pamwamba, pakati pa bowa kumera pamtengo ndi stumps, zomwe zingadye zimapezeka. Ngakhale ziyenera kudziwika kuti ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimakula m'nthaka. Zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa bowa zomwe zimapezeka pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi uchi wa agarics. Ili ndilo dzina lotchuka pa gulu la bowa zodyedwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a makhalidwe abwino. Bowa ankatchedwa - garland, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimamera pamoyo kapena kale nkhuni zopanda moyo, pamatumbo. 
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa umoyo waumunthu. Kotero, ili ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magazi. Podya makilogalamu 100 a bowa tsiku ndi tsiku, munthu amakwaniritsa zosowa zake za tsiku ndi tsiku za zinthu zofunika monga mkuwa ndi zinki..Gawo la bowa limaphatikizapo bowa zambiri. Komanso pansi pazikhoza kukhala zowonongeka, zomwe zimatchedwa bowa wonyenga wabodza. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa kusiyana kwa pakati pa bowa ndi zoopsa. M'munsimu timapereka chithunzi ndi kufotokoza za bowa zomwe zimakula pa mitengo ndipo zimakhala zofala.
Osati kulakwitsa posankha?
Pakati pa bowa pamtengo, si bowa okha omwe amamangidwa, amathanso kubwezera, bowa wa oyster, mamba, ndi liverwort. Iwo amadya, amachitsa komanso amachiza. Tiyeni tiwadziwe bwino. 
Kudya
Si bowa onse omwe ali m'munsimu ali okoma komanso owathanzi, komabe iwo samapweteka thanzi. Ena a iwo amadziwika bwino komanso otchuka pakati pa osankha bowa omwe amadziwa bwino. Pano pali mndandanda wa bowa zomwe zimadyera pamtengo, ndi zithunzi ndi ndondomeko:
- Oyster Wamphamvu (Pleurotus cornucopiae). Ili ndi chipewa mu mawonekedwe a lipenga kapena mapepala. Kuwala, pang'ono imvi mtundu. Ili ndi mamita 3-12 masentimita. Msowa wa bowa wa oyster uli mkati, wokhala ndi mbale za nazbegayuschimi, mamita awiri ndi masentimita awiri. Thupi la bowa la oyster ndi loyera, lamtundu, zotanuka. Bowa ali ndi pang'ono, pafupifupi fungo losakaniza ndi kukoma. Amakhala ndi mbewu zovuta kuyambira May mpaka September.
- Grifola curly (Grifola frondosa). Lili ndi mayina ena: bowa-ram, kuvina bowa. Chikhocho chimadziwika mosavuta ndi kupota kwa pseudochromatic ndi tsinde lakuya. Mnofu wake ndi woyera, wofiira. Lili ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo. Zipatso kuchokera June mpaka October. Chofala kwambiri pamunsi mwa mitengo ndi mapu. Mukhoza kukhala ndi masentimita 10 makilogalamu.
Popanda kuopsa kwa thanzi, mukhoza kudya bowa wotere: aspen, bowa wakuda, bossus, russula, volnushki, bowa wa satana, chanterelles, aspen, bowa woyera, mandimu, bowa, bowa, bowa ndi bowa.
- Chipilala chachisanu (Flammulina velutipes).Ili ndi kapu ya bulauni ndi yendo. Pakati pa thupi la fruiting ndi mdima. Phazi liri ndi nsalu. Mimba yake ndi yofiirira, pafupifupi masentimita 7. Mnofu ndi woyera, wokoma ndi onunkhira. Ambiri amapezeka pa mitengo yolimba yamtengo wapatali, mawilitsi wouma ndi mapulasitiki. Kuchokera m'dzinja kukamera kumamera m'magulu, imatha kuchitika pansi pa chisanu.
- Mchenga wachisanu (Kuehneromyces mutabilis).Wokhala m'nkhalango zakuda. Zipatso kuyambira April mpaka November. Ili ndi kapu yaing'ono - ndiyitali mwake ndi masentimita 6. Mofanana ndi onse a iwo, imakhala yovuta kwambiri paunyamata, ndipo ukalamba umakhala wochepetsedwa ndi woperewera. Mtundu - bulauni kapena wachikasu. Mphuno wa mphodzayi ndi yosalala, mamita 7 masentimita. Thupi limakhala lachikasu, loyeretsedwa, ndi kukoma pang'ono.
- Chisa cha m'dzinja (Armillaria mellea).Chipewa chokhala ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu (17 cm). Zithunzi zosiyana ndi zobiriwira ndi zofiirira. Miyendo ya m'dzinja yokhala ndi masentimita 10, yaitali, bulauni, yokutidwa ndi mamba. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera. Bowa ndi zokoma, ali ndi fungo losangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona pa stumps ya mitengo yotere: aspen, alder, birch, elm.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri a agarics a uchi ali ndi mapasa owopsa. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu, komwe kumatheka kusiyanitsa pakati pa bowa ndi zitsanzo zabodza, ndiko kupezeka kwa mphete pa bowa zokazinga pa tsinde pansi pa kapu.
- Chiwindi wamba (Fistulina hepatica). Chitsanzocho chimatchulidwa chifukwa chikufanana ndi chidutswa cha chiwindi mu gawo. Ali ndi bulauni yowunikira, kapu yofiira kapena yofiira 10-30 cm mu circumference. Iyo imakula pa mwendo wamfupi. Thupi ndi lofiira, minofu. Thupi la chipatso liri lowawa mu kulawa ndi fruity kununkhiza. Akufuna kukula pa mitengo yamoyo. Kawirikawiri amakhala pamtengowo, mabokosi. Kawirikawiri amatha kuwona pa zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba. Bowa amapezeka kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka autumn.
- Kambuku wamba wamagulu (Lentinus tigrinus). Chipewa cha chitsanzochi chikukula mpaka masentimita 4-8. Chimajambula mu mithunzi - Chikhoza kukhala choyera, chikasu. Zophimbidwa ndi mamba a zakuda kapena zakuda. Lamulo lopindika, 3 cm masentimita m'litali. Mnofu ndi wovuta, ulibe fungo lapadera ndi kulawa. Amadziwika ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Nthawi yosonkhanitsa - kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka autumn. Iyo imakula pa mtengo wolimba.
- Polyporus (Polyporus alveolaris).Chipewa chake chiri chozungulira kapena chozungulira. Ili ndi chikasu ndi reddish tinge. Zophimbidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 2-8. Mphuno - yoyera, yochepa (pafupifupi 10 mm), ili pambali. Zitsanzo zina zimakula popanda miyendo. Thupi ndi lolimba, loyera. Kununkhiza kwake ndi kulawa ndizosavuta. Zipatso pa mbewu zovuta kuyambira April mpaka August.
- Polyporum zovuta (Polyporus squamosus) ndi imodzi mwa bowa wotchuka kumera pamtengo - mukhoza kuwona mu chithunzichi ndi kufotokozera. Chojambulachi chikukula ndi chipewa chachikasu chachikopa chokhala ndi mamba ofiira. Kukula kwake kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Msofu umakhalanso ndi mamba, bulauni. Amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 10 (10 cm). Zamkati zimadziwika ndi osalimba komanso juiciness, ndi olemera, okondweretsa bowa kukoma. Tinder ndimadyidwanso mu mawonekedwe ake aang'ono, ndi aakulu kwambiri, adzakhala ndi thupi lolimba. Nthaŵi ya fruiting yake imagwa m'chaka ndi chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri zimakula m'mapaki ndi m'nkhalango zakuda. Amakonda kukhazikika pa elms.
- Tinder ndi sulfure-chikasu (Laetiporus sulphureus). Anthuwa amatchulidwa nkhuku. Limakula ndi kapu yachikasu ngati mphotho ya 10-40 masentimita. Mgugu wake sunafotokozedwe bwino, monga kapu, uli ndi kasupe wachikasu. Mnofu umakhala wolimba komanso wambiri. Zimakula pa mbeu zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu, zomwe zimakhudza mitengo ya zipatso. Zipatso kumapeto kwa kasupe kwa oyambirira autumn.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza bowa ndi chakudya cholemetsa cha munthu, siziyenera kudyedwa usiku. Komanso, safunikira kudyetsa ana osakwana zisanu. Musanagwiritse ntchito, bowa lirilonse liyenera kuyiritsidwa kwa mphindi 20.
Woopsa
Pakati pa nkhungu za parasitic pamtengo, zambiri zimakhala zovuta, komanso ngakhale zomwe zingayambitse thupi lalikulu. Pano pali mndandanda wa bowa wambiri wosadziwika womwe umamera pamtengo, ndi zithunzi ndi ndemanga:
- Ganoderma kum'mwera (Ganoderma australe). Chipewa cha chithunzichi ndi chophweka ndipo chachikulu kwambiri - mpaka masentimita 40 m'mimba mwake mpaka 13 cm masentimita. Ili ndi ma brownish, gray, brown brown shades. Mapazi pafupifupi pamenepo. Thupi la thupi la zipatso ndi lofewa, lofiira kapena lofiira. Amakonda kukhala mumapikola, maoliki ndi lindens.
Nkhumba zotchedwa toadstool, piglet, ndi speculum sizivomerezedwa kudya, chifukwa zimakhala zoopsa.
- Ischnoderma resinous (Ischnoderma resinosum). Thupi la chipatso cha bowa ili ndi masentimita 20. Ili ndi mkuwa, wofiirira, wobiriwira. Pamene ischederma ikukula, madontho a madzi ofiira amamasulidwa pa kapu. Mapira a bowa ndi yowutsa, yoyera. Ishnoderma imapezeka kuyambira August mpaka Okthoba m'mapiri amodzi (nthawi zambiri pa beech, birch, linden). Zimayambitsa zoyera zowonongeka.
- Piptoporus oak (Piptoporus quercinus). Amadziwika ndi chomera chambiri chambiri kapena chifaniziro cha 10-15 masentimita m'mimba mwake. Kujambulajambula kungakhale koyera, kofiirira, kofiira. Amamera pa zomera zamoyo, nthawi zambiri pa mitengo.
- Postia kumanga (Postia stiptica).Chitsanzo ichi ndi chofala kwambiri, chikhoza kudziwika ndi thupi loyera la maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mabokosi aang'ono amakhala ndi madontho a madzi. Amakhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso wamafuta ndi kukoma kowopsya. Ambiri amakula pa conifers.
- Trametes fluffy (Trametes pubescens). Matsuko amakula 10 cm mu circumference. Pamwamba mwa imvi yawo ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Thupi ndi loyera komanso lachikopa. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa stumps ndi deadwood. Amakonda kukhazikika pa birch ndi conifers.
Ndikofunikira! Khalani osamala - bowa woopsa akhoza kukhala wokongola komanso wowoneka bwino, komanso amadya.
Mankhwala
Bowa wina, kukula pamodzi ndi mtengo, amapanga matupi a zipatso omwe amachiritsa katundu. Mwa awa, ochiritsa anthu amapanga mankhwala. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, bowa kumera pamtengo, ndi zithunzi ndi mayina omwe mungathe kuona pansipa.
- Larch sponge (Fomitopsis officinalis). Dzina lake lina ndi agaricus. Mitundu ya zipatso ya bowa imakhala ngati ziboda, ndipo imatha kukhala oblong-cylindrical. Pezani misa mpaka 10 kg. Mtundu ndi woyera, woyera, woyera. Kukula pa hvoynikov, nthawi zambiri pa larch. Ndalama zochokera ku bowa zimafooketsa, asiye magazi, akhale ngati sedative, atenge pang'ono. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa thukuta.
- Mwala wosawunkhira (Ganoderma lucidum). Amadziwika bwino monga Reishi kapena Lingzhi. Ili ndi kapu yamoto yofiira kapena ya impso yomwe ili ndi khungu loyera la mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yofiira, yofiira, yofiirira, yakuda. Mnofu ndi ocheru, wopanda pake komanso wosasangalatsa. Amakula makamaka nkhuni zakufa, nthawi zambiri pa stumps. Ndalama zochokera ku bowa zili ndi antitumor, immunomoduliruyuschee kwenikweni. Anayambitsanso kuyendetsa magazi, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magazi, kuimika magazi.
- Polypore Slanted (Inonotus obliquus), Komanso amadziwika kuti chaga kapena birch bowa. Thupi la chipatso likukula m'mimba mwake kuchokera pa masentimita 5 mpaka 40. Ali ndi mawonekedwe a kukula kwa mawonekedwe osasintha. Zimakhala zakuda. Zolembazo ndi ming'alu yambiri. Kawirikawiri amakhala pa mitengo ya birch, koma imatha kuwononga mwana, mapulo, phulusa, phiri. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito oblique tinder zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa komanso zotsutsana ndi mimba. Ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, antispasmodic, diuretic action.
Mukudziwa? Bowa ali ndi zitsulo zambiri, phosphorous ndi calcium kuposa nyama iliyonse, komanso mavitamini B3 maulendo 5-10 kuposa masamba ndi masamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito stumps kukula bowa
Ziphuphu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chokula bowa. Izi n'zosavuta kuchita, mwachitsanzo, ku dacha. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira malo amdima kapena chipinda ndi zochepa za hardwood (birch, aspen, apulo, peyala, mthethe, poplar). Zomera za mchere sizili zoyenera pazinthu izi.
Mafupa sayenera kukhala okalamba, abwino ngati atangoyamba kumene. Zouma ziyenera kulowera masiku angapo m'madzi. Maonekedwe awo samasiyana kwambiri. Zigawo zabwino zokhala ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 40 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40 mpaka 50. 
Kulima bowa wa oyster ukhoza kuchitidwa kumalo osatseguka komanso m'nyumba. Ngati mukufuna kukonza stumps pamsewu, ndiye malo ayenera kukhala mumthunzi komanso mpweya wokwanira. Pa kutentha pansipa + malo osungira agrofiber a 20 ° C amafunika. Nthaŵi yabwino yobwera ndi April-May ndi August-September. Mycelium imamera mkati mwa miyezi itatu.
Alipo njira zingapo zoyika zipika. Mmodzi mwa iwo, muyenera kukumba dzenje pafupifupi 30 masentimita akuya ndi lonse, lofanana ndi kukula kwa matabwa a matabwa. Ngati pali zothandizira pansi pa zipika, simungathe kukumba pansi, ndikuyikapo ziphuphu pamwamba pake.
Palinso njira zingapo zowonjezera mycelium mu chitsa - mwachitsanzo, pobowola mabowo, pocheka kumtunda, pomanga piramidi yamakina ndi zigawo zingapo za mycelium, ndi zina zotero. 
M'nyengo yozizira, ziphuphu ziyenera kubweretsedwa m'chipindacho kapena zodzazidwa ndi udzu, agrofibre.
Ndikofunikira! Chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri chokula bowa wa oyster kumalo otseguka ndichokhazikika pansi pa nthaka. Ndondomeko yothirira kuthirira bwino kwambiri.Pamene mukukula bowa wa oyster mu chipinda mukuchifuna anayeretsa. Mwachitsanzo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yothetsera laimu. Pambuyo pa disinfection, chipindacho chiyenera kutsekedwa kwa maola 48 ndiyeno mpweya wokwanira pamene palibe fungo mmenemo. Chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, kuunikira, kusunga kutentha kofunikira (+ 15 ° C).
Ndibwino kwambiri kuika nkhuni mutatha kufesa ndi mycelium pansi kapena kutsanulira kumbali, pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo ali ndi ma sacking kapena film perforated.
Ndi mawotchi owongolera amapanga zipilala ndikugona ndi udzu, utuchi. Kuchokera kumbali ya mndandanda uli ndi filimu kapena burlap.
Mlengalenga akuyenera kukhala nthawi zonse yowuma. Kupita mobwerezabwereza ndi kovomerezeka.
Mu May, stumps ikhoza kuikidwa pamtunda poyera.
Mphamvu ya bowa pa makungwa a mitengo
Bowa zimakhudza mitengo. Zimakhudza makungwa komanso mizu yake. Kawirikawiri, matupi opangidwa ndi zipatso amapangidwa ku mitengo yakale, yodwala, yowonongeka, ndi tizilombo. Zitha kukhudza zomera zonse ndi mitengo ya zipatso. Kawirikawiri zimayambitsa chitukuko chosiyanasiyana, matenda ena. Chotsatira chake, mtengo ukhoza kufa.
Koma nkhungu zina monga nkhuni, zimatchedwa anamwino a m'nkhalango chifukwa zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni zakale ndi matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi zakudya zambiri.
Anthu osankha amathawa, "akusaka mwakachetechete," nthawi zambiri amayang'anitsitsa pamapazi awo, akuyang'ana nyama zomwe akufuna. Komabe, ena a bowa amakonda kukula pa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mizu. Ndipo pakati pa bowa wotere mungapeze zowona zokoma ndi zonunkhira zoyenera kuphika mbale zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mulibe nkhalango yodzala ndi bowa, mungathe kukulitsa nokha, pogwiritsa ntchito stumps zamtengo wapang'ono.
