Akufa nettle - pachaka kapena osatha chomera wa banja Lamiaceae. Zimafalikira mu Eastern Europe, nthawi zambiri zimamera ngati udzu ndi. Ana a nkhosa amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi mipanda kapena m'mphepete mwa mtsinje. Masamba ake okongola ndi maluwa wosakhwima kukometsera munda. Green pamphasa kupulumutsidwa ku kasupe oyambirira mpaka chisanu. Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono ndikukala pansi, ndipo mitundu yayitali ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wamaluwa wamkulu. Undemanding zomera amadziwika osati kwa katundu kukongoletsa. Amagwiritsidwanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Lambweed ndi malo okula mwachangu. mphanga ake zimayambira saukitsidwa pamwamba pansi 15-25 cm. Pa chaka, tsinde zimawonjezera kutalika kwa 0.5-1 m. Pamwamba fibrous pomwepo kenaka akhoza kukhala ndi aliyense internode. Mphukira yogwira nthambi mwamsanga kuphimba dera lalikulu.
Masamba ooneka ngati mtima amakhala ndi malo ofewa, opuma komanso osanjika. Nyimboyi yaikulu ya lamina - mdima wobiriwira, amathanso kupezeka chikasu kapena siliva banga. Leaf kutalika kwa masentimita 3-8 ndipo m'lifupi - 4.2 cm.
Makatani oyambira mpaka masentimita 30 amakula kuchokera ku ma infode. Njira yake imakutidwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa abwino. Masamba pamodzi whorls, iwo akhoza utoto pinki, wofiirira kapena zoyera. Bilabiate corolla umakhala kutalika 20-25 mm. Zojambula zinayi zoyipa zokhala ndi ma antenti amtundu wakuda zimatuluka pakati. Pambuyo kubereketsa zomera, zipatso zimapsa - cenobia (a bokosi ndi anayi atatu konsekonse mtedza). zipatso kucha anaulula lenilenilo, limene amakwiya kudziletsa seeding. Maluwa amachitika kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Fruiting chimayambira mu June.
Species ndi mitundu ya nettle
Mitundu ya crypt imaphatikizapo mitundu 25 ndi mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera.
Lamium Album ( "akufa nettle"). A therere osatha opezeka clearings nkhalango ndi madambo. Imakhala yotalikilidwa, ndipo imakhala ndi masamba 15 mpaka 15cm komanso yayitali. The kumtunda kwa umatheka ndi masamba yokutidwa ndi ulusi yaitali. Chowulungika-mtima-mphako masamba m'mbali serrated oyenerera pa petioles yochepa. Maluwa oyera awiri okhala ndi milomo iwiri amatengedwa mu ma axils apakati komanso masamba apical. Iwo pachimake ku June kuti September.
Mwana wankhosa wonyezimira ("nettle red"). Mitundu moyo kwa zaka 1-2. Iye ali pomwepo kenaka woonda ndi tsinde kusintha. Mphukira imatha kutalika masentimita 5-25. Imayambira pansi ndipo imakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono owumbika. masamba Whorled utoto mu mithunzi zosiyanasiyana pinki kapena oyera. Maluwa kumachitika April-September.
Deadnettle mabanga (yofiirira). Osatha chomera ali chilili mphukira kutalika kwa masentimita 30-70. Iwo nthambi okha pa tsinde ndi yokutidwa ndi tsitsi ochepa. Kutalika konse kwa tsinde ndi masamba owotcha osakhazikika. Pamodzi midrib kuonekera yopapatiza siliva Mzere. Kuwala pinki kapena wofiirira maluwa 2-3 masentimita yaitali pamodzi inflorescence apical. Masamba onunkhira amakopa tizilombo tambiri topindulitsa. Maluwa limapezeka kuchokera May kwa October. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Album - pa nsonga mphukira 18-20 masentimita kutalika pachimake maluwa ang'onoang'ono woyera;
- Beacon Siliva - pafupifupi masamba onse owoneka ndi mtima ndi utoto wa siliva;
- Aureum - chikasu masamba owoneka kuunika Mzere pakati, molawirira kwambiri kupasuka maluwa wofiirira.
Greenfinch (wachikasu). Osatha ndi zokwawa zimayambira ungazame interstices lapansi. Mphukira ndi masamba yokutidwa ndi bristles zofewa. Masamba owoneka ngati mazira amakhala ndi makina oterera. Nthawi zina masamba alipo nsangalabwi chitsanzo. maluwa Yellow ali pamodzi whorls onyenga malekezero a mphukira. Amakhala ndi mlomo wapamwamba komanso mlomo wolunjika, wokhala ndi milomo itatu. Yaitali maluwa limapezeka kuchokera May kwa October ndi lagawidwa magawo 2. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Argentatum - masamba ndi siliva lonse gulu pafupi ndi mbali m'mphepete;
- Kapeti Wasiliva - wowongoka mpaka 20 cm wamtambo wokutidwa ndi masamba owonda ndi masisitere okhala ndi siliva.
Kuswana
Nettle akhoza zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively. Mbewu zofesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kodi pamaso yozizira kapena kasupe oyambirira. M'pofunika kukumba pansi ndi mlingo kenako kuonetsetsa mtedza yaing'ono padziko. Zimamera bwino bwino. Maluwa amafunika zaka 2. Samo kuchitika nthawi zambiri, koma ndi osafunika kulola. Mwanawankhosa wadulidwayo, pambuyo pake mawonekedwe amitundu mitundu amatha.
Kugawa chitsamba ndi wamba njira kubalana. Iwo limakupatsani kupulumutsa zizindikiro apamwamba a nettle. Chapakatikati, chitsamba chokulirapo chimayenera kukumbidwa, kugawidwa m'magawo angapo kenako kubzala m'magawo osiyanasiyana m'mundamo. Kuyika si vuto. Maluwa ndi kale zotheka mu chaka.
Mizu yodula mizu ndi magawo ake sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndipo siyabwino kwa mitundu yonse. Cuttings tadulidwa mu August ndi mizu kutchire ndi Kuwonjezera wa peat ndi mchenga. Nkofunika nthawi zonse madzi okwanira. Kusoka kumachitika mu Seputembara-Okutobala. Pamene phesi kuoneka mizu yolimba, izo zikhoza wosiyana chomera kholo ndi anabzala kuti malo okhazikika mu nthaka lotseguka.
Zosamalidwa
Akufa nettle ndithu wodzichepetsa, koma n'kofunika kusankha malo abwino. Zomera zimamera bwino m'malo abwino komanso owunikira. Ndi bwino zomera nthaka chivundikiro pansi pa mitengo ndi mkulu ndi translucent denga.
nthaka ayenera lonyowa ndi lotayirira. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe dothi labwino. Ndiye akufa nettle chidzakula pang'onopang'ono ikhale ndi kukongoletsa mitundu ya masamba. Chomera bwalo ya chonde limakula kwambiri mwamphamvu ndipo motsatana zambiri wobiriwira. Chapakatikati komanso nthawi yamaluwa, timalimbikitsidwa kudyetsa tsambalo ndi kompositi.
Cofunika n'cakuti wabwino ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. madzi sayenera stagnate mu nthaka. Panthawi yachilala, namiseche amadwala mwamphamvu ndikudziwonetsa yekha. Komabe, tiyenera kuyamba kuthirira ndi mphukira mofulumira anabwezeretsedwa.
Nthawi maluwa bwino kuchotsa maluwa chinazilala. Izi zidzakulitsa kukongoletsa ndikuthandizira kupewa kudzimana mosafunikira. Zonse ndikutchetcha m'pofunika patsogolo tillering mphukira. Akufa nettle kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi sayenera pogona.
Ndikakusefukira kwanthaka kwanthawi yayitali, mizu ya kambuku imatha kuvunda. Matenda ena a mbewu si bwanji. Hot chilimwe mu chitsamba akhoza kuthetsa whiteflies, akangaude, tizilombo lonse ndi mealybugs.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Lamia ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakupanga mawonekedwe. Chidwi kwambiri ndi variegated mitundu. Iwo ntchito mixborders, rockeries ndi malo kubzala pansi pa mitengo. Anthu oyandikana nawo okongola ndi ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, azizungu, azisamba, alendo.
Zomera akhoza kukhala wamkulu osati kutchire, komanso miphika, miphika kapena mapoto ochiritsira kunyumba. Mkati duwa adzayang'ana chidwi kwambiri, koma kuuza yaitali kungakhale kukangamira pa mphepete.
Mankhwala ndi contraindication
Maluwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono zoyera zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira, mwa izi:
- alkaloids;
- ascorbic acid;
- flavonoids;
- njira;
- mafuta n'kofunika.
Kuchokera pazopangira zida zopangira amapanga infusions ndi decoctions. Iwo anatengedwa ndi mawu expectorant ndi, odana ndi yotupa, diuretic. Odzolawa ntchito matenda nkhondowo khungu komanso bala machiritso. Kuthira, kusamba komanso kugontha ndi msuzi wa cryptocarcinoma kumathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda amitsempha komanso kutulutsa magazi muchiberekero.
contraindications zoonekeratu kuti mankhwala zochokera madokotala nettle kuti sizinaulilire. Zimakhala osati kutenga anthu ndi chifuwa ndi kusagwirizana payekha.
