Acidanthera ndi wachibale wokongola wa gladiolus wokhala ndi maluwa osalala komanso fungo labwino. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la a Kasatikov. Dziko lakwawo ndi lotentha ku Africa. Dzinalo limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki kukhala "maluwa owala", omwe amafotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe a pamatchulidwewo. Acidanthera amadziwikanso amatchedwa "onunkhira kapena chisanu gladiolus." Zomera ndizofanana, koma kukongola kwachilendo kumakhala ndi chithumwa chapadera. Maluwa ndi okongola kwambiri, kotero acidist ayenera kugawa malo m'munda wamaluwa, ndipo mwina, bedi lonse la maluwa. Kupatula apo, amakhala bwino pagulu. Kenako udzuwo umakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, pomwe pamwamba pake pamanjenjemera mitundu yambiri.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Acidanthera ndi therere losatha. Rhizome imayimiriridwa ndi ma corms ochepa. Danga lawo limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 5. Chikhalidwe choyera chimabisika pansi pa masikelo a bulauni. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala ndi m'mbali bwino komanso pamtunda. Masamba ambiri amakhala okhazikika pansi pa tsinde ndipo masamba ochepa okha ndi omwe amapezeka pazowombera zokha.
Tsinde losalala limatha kutalika mamita 1-2. Pamwamba pake pali korona wamaluwa akuluakulu okongola okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati spike. Mphukira iliyonse imamangiriridwa ndi mphukira ndi chubu lalitali, lopindika. Kuchokera pamenepo, pamakhala masamba 6 otseguka. Danga la corolla limafika masentimita 7 mpaka 12. Ziphuphu zimapakidwa zoyera, zachikaso, zapinki. Amatha kukhala owoneka bwino kapena okongola.
Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumayambira mu Ogasiti-Seputembele ndipo kumakhalapo mpaka zipatso zisanu. Pakadali pano, mpweya umadzazidwa ndi fungo labwino. Imafanana ndi fungo la daffodils ndi uchi ndi zolemba zipatso. Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, chipatso chimacha ngati bokosi lambewu yayitali ndi nthangala zazing'ono, zosalala.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu 40 ya ma acid. Ambiri Acidantera bicolor kapena gladiolus muliel. Maluwa amakula masentimita 90-100. Pansi pa tsindewo ndi wokutidwa ndi rosette yamdera wobiriwira wamdima wosachedwa kutalika kwa 40-50 masentimita. Kamvekedwe kake kamtengo kaphaka kakang'ono ndi koyera kapena pinki. Pakatikati pake pali kagawo kakang'ono ngati nyenyezi. Pakatikati pa danga limafika 12 cm.
Acidantera ndi otentha. Chomera chimakula masentimita 110-130. Masamba obiriwira okhala ndi utoto wakuda. Pa inflorescence yapawiri komanso masamba a 5-6, maluwa oyera okhala ndi mulifupi mwake masentimita 10-12. Mitundu ya petals imakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga ndi zotuwa.
Acidanthera oyera (oyera). Mtengowo uli ndi tsinde lolunjika, komanso yokutidwa ndi masamba. Maluwa oyera oyera amatuluka pamwamba pa mphukira popanda njira yowonjezerapo. Amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu.
Acidanthera ndi woipa. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi masamba ocheperako komanso masamba owonda. Mapesi akuwoneka bwino amakhala ndi maluwa okongola okhala ndi miyala yofiirira.
Acidanthera ndi waufupi tubular. Pamwamba pa rosette wa masamba atali, masamba oyenda molunjika amatulutsa ndi masamba atatu. Chidwi chimakopeka ndi miyala yowala, yomwe imapakidwa utoto wofiirira.
Kubalana Acidanthera
Acidanthera amafalitsa mababu ndi mbewu. Nyengo, ana angapo amapangidwa pafupi ndi babu la mayi. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amakhala ndi nthawi yokhwima ndipo amatha kudzipangira pawokha. Chapakatikati, ana adalekanitsidwa ndikuwabzala m'nthaka akuya masentimita 6-8. Kuyambira pano, kuwasamalira sikusiyana.
Mbewu zitha kusungidwa mu kugwa kapena kugula malo ogulitsa maluwa. Mbewu za mbande zimapangidwa mkati mwa February. Nthaka ya m'munda imawonjezedwa mu thankiyo ndikuphatikiza ndi peat ndi mchenga. Ivi vingulongo kuti titanja dothi mu uvuni kuti tileki mabakiteriya ndi ma parasiti. Mbewu zimagawanizidwa pamtunda ndikuwaza ndi dothi laling'ono. Pansipo adafafaniza kuchokera mfuti yofukizira ndi yokutidwa ndi filimu. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Mphika umasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Mphukira imawonekera pamodzi mkati mwa masabata awiri.
Mbewu zachikulire zimasambira mumiphika umodzi. Adzakula mwa iwo kwa zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pa maluwa oyamba, mababu amakula ndikukula kotero kuti angabzalidwe poyera.
Zisanu ndi kubzala zipatso
Ngakhale zambiri zimanena kuti acidacea imatha kukhala nthawi yozizira, ndibwino kukumba mababu mumsewu wapakati komanso kumpoto kwa dzinja. Maluwa akamazirala, mitengo yoyendayenda imadulidwa kwathunthu, ndipo masamba amasiyidwa mpaka nthawi yophukira. Izi zikuthandizira mababu kuti apange misa ndikukonzekera nthawi yozizira.
Pazizira zoyambirira, ma corm amakumbidwa ndikusamutsidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa + 18 ° C. Apa, zoyerekeza za dziko lapansi zinauma. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, amawapinda kukhala mapepala kapena matumba a nsalu ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 15 ° C.
Pot acid aciders amatha kubisala pansi mwachindunji. Ndikofunikira kusiya kuthirira kwathunthu ndikusamutsira chidebecho pamalo amdima komanso ozizira.
Mu kasupe, mababu amachotsedwa m'matumba ndikuwunikira mosamala. Zomera zonse zouma ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, komanso gawo la zipolopolo zowuma zichotsedwa. Amasungidwa kutentha kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Tsiku lisanafike kubzala, mbewu zimakhazikika mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kubzala kumachitika nthawi yomweyo potseguka. Izi zimachitika bwino m'zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi. Kuti chithunzithunzi chozizira mwadzidzidzi chisawononge acidanthera, chimadzilimbitsa ndi masentimita 10-12, ndikuima motsimikiza. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu uzikhala 15-20 cm.
Kwa maluwa oyambirirawo, distillation imatha kuchitika. Kuyambira khumi zoyambirira za Marichi, ma corms amawabzala mu maluwa ndi dothi lotayirira mpaka masentimita 3-4. Amamera m'chipinda chowala, chofunda ndipo nthawi zonse amathiriridwa. Pofika mwezi wa Meyi, mbewuyo imaphuka mwamphamvu ndikupanga mphukira, kotero maluwa adzayamba kale komanso ochulukirachulukira.
Zosamalidwa
Kuti mulime bwino ma acidants, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera. Ziyenera kukhala zofewa komanso dzuwa. Nthaka imafunikira chonde, ndimalo acid pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti dothi lotayirira, ndikuthandizira bwino. Dothi lolemera la dongo liyenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga. Ngakhale asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa ndipo mavalidwe azowoneka ndi michere amawonjezeredwa. Kuti mpweya udutse momasuka mosangalatsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi zina tichepetse nthaka pafupi ndi maluwa. Kulowetsa wosanjikiza pamwamba ndi peat ndi humus kumathandizanso.
Acidanthera amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, salola chilala ngakhale pang'ono. Komabe, kukokoloka kwamadzi padziko lapansi kumakhala koyipa kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti mababu awongenso. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, kuphatikiza kwa feteleza kwamchere kwa maluwa kumawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira kawiri pamwezi. Ngati dzinja litakhala lonyowa ndipo palibe chifukwa chothirira, mutha kuthira dothi panthaka.
Maluwa atakwanira, kudula maluwa ndi gawo la masamba. Popanda njirayi, acidifier sangakhale ndi nthawi yokonzekera colembera nyengo yachisanu.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mmera sukudwala matenda. Ngati acidantra imamera m'malo ovuta, malo abwino, imatha kudwala Powy mildew, dzimbiri ndi zowola. Chomera chimatsutsidwa ndi slugs ndi nkhono. Nyengo yadzuwa, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthabwala, nthata za akangaude zimalumikizana nawo. Tizilombo timathandizidwa ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, ma slgs amatengedwa pamanja.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Acidanthera wokongola amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamaluwa wopanda kapena pakati pobzala pakati pa udzu. Maluwa akulu komanso achilendo adzakopa odutsa ndipo adzakondweretsa eni malowo. Mothandizidwa ndi acidants, mutha kukonza dimba lamwala kapena mabanki amadziwe oyengeka. Maluwa ndi abwino osati m'mundamo, komanso maluwa.
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati duwa lakunyumba. Tizindikire kuti m'chipinda chaching'ono fungo limatha kukhala lalitali kwambiri, kotero nthawi yamaluwa ndibwino kuyika maluwa pabalaza kapena khonde. Acidantra amakhalanso odulidwa. Pabizinesi iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba angapo omwe amatuluka pang'onopang'ono. Phwando ladzakhala mchipika kwa sabata limodzi.
