Shepherdia ndi chitsamba chamadzi chodziwika bwino kuchokera kubanja la Sucker. Chimakula ku North America, koma chimalimidwa bwino ku Europe. Shepherdia amadziwikanso "buffalo mabulosi" kapena "mabulosi a sopo." Maonekedwe, abusa ndi ofanana ndi nyanja yam'madzi, koma zipatso za mmera zimakhala ndi michere yambiri komanso ndizakoma kosangalatsa. Sikovuta kusamalira chitsamba, amapereka mwiniwakeyo nthawi zambiri ndi zokolola zambiri ndikukhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Ndikokwanira kusunga malamulo ochepa osavuta posamalira, kotero kuti abusa akhala akukongoletsa mundawo zaka makumi angapo.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Shepherdia ndi chomera chamtchire chamtali wa mamita 3-7. Mitundu yobiriwira ndi yosakhazikika imapezeka mu mtundu. Nthambi zake zimakhala zokhwima. Zikhala ndi nthambi zambiri kutalika kwake ndipo zimakutidwa ndi ma spines aatali. Nthambi zimapindika pakati ndikugwadira pansi, ndikupanga mpanda wosagonjetseka.
Mphukira imakutidwa ndi masamba a lanceolate kapena masamba owaza obiriwira. Zomera za petioles zazifupi ndizosiyana. Kutalika kwa masamba owondera masamba ndi masentimita 4-7. Kumbali zonse ziwiri kapena pokhapokha kuchokera pansi pamakhala zovala zasiliva.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi, maluwa a axil ang'onoang'ono amatulutsa maluwa, atasonkhana mu inflorescence yoyenda mozungulira. Maluwa amachitika masamba asanafike. Nthambi zimaphatikizidwa ndi mphukira ndi ma pedicels afupi; amaphimba nthambi. Shepherdia ndi mbewu yokongola, ndiye kuti, nthawi zina pamakhala maluwa amphongo kapena amuna okhaokha. Kuti izi zitheke, ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu imodzi yammuna m'mundamu kwa akazi okwanira 7-10. Mphukira zazimayi zimatsegulidwa pang'ono kuposa zazimuna. Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo, pambuyo pake zipatso zazing'onoting'ono zomwe zimacha.
Pamwamba pa khungu lofiira la ma drupes pali madontho ambiri oyera oyera. Mnofu wosakhwima umakhala ndi kukoma komanso wowawasa. Chifukwa cha kutanthauzira kwa nyenyezi, zipatso za m'busa sizimadyedwa nthawi zonse, koma monga gawo lamphepo, jellies ndi ma compotes. Zipatso zimasungidwa panthambi mpaka chisanu. Kutentha kochepa kumawapangitsa kukhala ofatsa komanso okoma. Mkati mumakhala mbewu yokhazikika. Maluwa ndi kubereka kumachitika patatha zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Kucha kucha kumaphwanyidwa mosavuta panthambi, zomwe zimathandizira kukolola. Chomera chimodzi chimatha kubala mpaka 15 makilogalamu a zipatso pachaka.
Mitundu wamba
Gulu laling'ono la Shepherdia lili ndi mitundu itatu yokha.
Mbusa ndi siliva. Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina loyera loyera lomwe limapezeka panthambi zazing'ono ndi masamba mbali zonse ziwiri. Chitsamba chaminga ichi chimatha kukula mpaka 6 m. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa Epulo. Pazomera zachimuna, maluwa amatenga timbale tating'onoting'ono. Masamba a azimayi amapezeka okha. Mu September, zipatso zimacha - zipatso zofiira kapena zachikasu. Mitundu ya Goldeneye yokongoletsera ndiyotchuka kwambiri. Kucha zipatso pa izo zimapakidwa chikasu chowala.
Mbusa wa ku Canada. Mtundu uwu umafanana ndi mtengo wophuka. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni. Kumtunda kwa masamba ndi kosalala, zobiriwira zakuda. Timapepala ta pansi timakutidwa ndi mulu wa siliva ndi mamba achikasu. Pakati pa Epulo, maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu amatulutsa maluwa. Mu Seputembala, zipatso zamtundu wofiirira zamtundu wa 4-8 mm zimacha.
Mbusa amakhala wozungulira mozungulira. Mitunduyo imakhala chitsamba chachitali komanso chopindika. Nthambi ndizolumikizidwa mwamphamvu. Amakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Pamwamba pa mbale yowala masamba, zophukira zambiri zowoneka zimawonekera. Mitundu imadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso. Kulemera kwa zipatsozo, nthambi zimatsika pansi. Mbusa wa masamba ozungulira sapezeka konse kunja kwa Colorado Plateau.
Kuswana
Pali njira zingapo zochulukitsira m'busa.
- Kufesa mbewu. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mu Novembala poyera. Amamizidwa m'nthaka ndikuya masentimita 1.5-3. M'nyengo yozizira, amalimbikitsidwa kuphimba malo okufesa ndi matalala. Pofika pakati pa Epulo, mphukira zoyambirira zidzayamba kuwonekera. Mu Seputembala, kutalika kwa mbande kudzakhala masentimita 10-15. Ngati ndi kotheka, amawasamutsira kumalo okhazikika. Maluwa ndi kubereka kumayembekezeredwa zaka 4-6.
- Mizu yodula. Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kudziwa chomera chachimuna ndi chachikazi. Kuti mupeze mizu, sankhani masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba atatu. Kutalika kwawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala masentimita 8 mpaka 12. Mu tsiku loyamba, nthambi zimasungidwa ku Kornevin, kenako ndikabzyala mumchenga ndi dothi lanyimbo. Mphukira iyenera kuzamitsidwa ndi masentimita 3-4. Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, zodulidwazo zimaphuka mizu yolimba ndipo zibzalidwe m'munda pamalo okhazikika.
- Idongosolo la mizu. Chaka chilichonse, ana angapo amapangidwa kuchokera ku Shepherdia. M'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, mbewu zolimba zimabzalidwe kuchokera pachitsamba chachikulu kupita kumalo atsopano. Kuika zinthu amathanso kukonzekera kugwa koyambilira.
Kusamalira Abusa
Shepherdia ndi wonyozeka ndipo amatha kusintha moyo wawo. Itha kumera pamtunda uliwonse, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwonjezere mchenga kapena miyala kapena dothi lolemera kuti ngalande zabwino. Kuti muchulukitse zipatso zinali zochulukirapo, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zokoma kwambiri, muyenera kusankha malo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Mitundu yonse ya abusa amalimbana ndi kuzizira ndipo safuna malo owonjezera a dzinja. Zojambulajambulanso siziopa zomera.
Shepherdia amalimbana ndi chilala ndipo sakonda kudzaza nthaka. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mvula yachilengedwe yokwanira. Ndi nyengo yayitali, yotentha ndi youma, makamaka nthawi yakupsa, titha kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri.
Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, mbewuyo imafunikira kudulira dothi pafupipafupi. Njirayi imathandizira kuti mpweya udutse kumizu. Muyenera kusamala kuti muchotse udzu ndi kumasula dothi, chifukwa mizu yake ili pafupi ndi dothi.
Kuti akhale wowoneka bwino, mbusayo ayenera kudulidwa. M'mundamo, kutalika kwa mbewu nthawi zambiri kumangokhala mamita awiri. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusamalira ndi kututa. Muyenera kudulanso korona, apo ayi nthambi zidzakola ndi kutsamira pansi.
Bzalani pamapangidwe
Nthambi zowirira za abusa zimakopeka ndi masamba a silvery ndi zipatso zofiirira. Amawoneka bwino pazithunzi za ma conifers, komanso zitsamba zokhala ndi masamba ofiira (barberry, snowdrop, weigela). Mtengowo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira udzu wobiriwira mozungulira poyandikira m'mundawo. Mitundu yotsika ndiyabwino popanga maziko m'munda wamaluwa.
Zothandiza katundu
Zipatso za abusa zikutsogolera kuchuluka kwa ascorbic acid. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zimakhala:
- njira;
- mavitamini A, P, E;
- pectin;
- organic zidulo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso za ubusa kumathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chathupi, kusamalira machitidwe a mitsempha yamagazi, komanso kuchepetsa matenda othamanga. Zipatso zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika, zopangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ndikuphika mitundu yonse ya sosi, jamu ndi zotetezera. Ndiwogulitsa chakudya kuposa mankhwala, motero alibe zotsutsana. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa pokhapokha ngati anthu amakonda kuchita zomwe sizingachitike.
