Gloxinia ndi amtundu wa maluwa azitsamba osatha a dzina lomweli m'banja la Gesneriaceae. Dziko lakwawo ndi nkhalango zowoneka bwino za ku Central ndi South America. Amakopa maluwa okongola ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka bwino. Kukongola kwa malo otentha kumatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kupilira kwake komanso chikhalidwe chake, motero ndichabwino kwa oyamba kumene. Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yachilendo ya gloxinia yokhala ndi maluwa owerengeka a mitundu yosiyanasiyana idayambitsidwa.
Kufotokozera kwa Gloxinia
Gloxinia ndi herbaceous osatha ndi mizu mu mawonekedwe a tuber wamkulu. Mitundu ina siyabwino, pomwe ina mphukira imatha kutalika mpaka 70 cm. Mphukira ndi zofewa, zokwawa. Kutalika kwa chomera m'chilengedwe sichidutsa 25 cm.Mitundu yamkati imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri (mpaka 5 cm kutalika).
Pamwamba pa dothi pali duwa louma, lomwe lili ndi masamba akuluakulu akuluakulu. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba kumafikira masentimita 20. Ili ndi mawonekedwe okumbika kapena ovoid okhala ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu komanso kumapeto. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amakhala odinira; mtsempha wapakati wam'mimba umawoneka.
Zomera zamaluwa
Kutulutsa kwa Gloxinia kumachitika mu Marichi ndipo kumatha miyezi itatu. Mitundu ina ya haibridi yamaluwa imaphukanso mu kugwa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musankhe ndi kugula gloxinia ya tchuthi m'malo mwa maluwa wamba. Pakati penipeni pa malowa pali maluwa angapo osakwana awiri masentimita 8 mpaka 6. Mapikisano ake ndi ofewa, motero mabelu amtali amatha. Monga masamba, amaphimbidwa ndi villi waufupi. Chiwerengero cha masamba pachomera chimodzi chitha kukhala magawo 8-40. Corolla imakhala ndi miyala yozungulira yozungulira yomwe ili ndi m'mphepete mwake, yomwe ili mumizere umodzi kapena zingapo. Nthawi zambiri m'munsi ndi m'mphepete mwa ngale mumakhala mtundu wina.
Maluwa ndi ofiira akuda, ofiira, rasipiberi, oyera kapena zonona. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi miyala ya monophonic yomwe imangosintha machulukidwe amtundu, ndipo pali maluwa ophimbidwa ndi timawuti tating'ono, mikwingwirima yopyapyala kapena malezala osiyana. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi chubu chokulirapo ndi miyala yaying'ono yaying'ono mmalo mwa corolla yotseguka.
Nthawi yachisanu komanso yopuma
Kumapeto kwa Seputembala, pamene gloxinia yazimiririka, ndikofunikira kusiya kuphatikiza umuna. Kutsirira kumathandizidwanso kukhala chinyezi chaching'ono pamwezi. Pambuyo pa maluwawo, masamba ake amayamba kufa ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi zomera zonse zapadziko lapansi ziume. Miphika imasunthidwa kumalo amdima ndikusungidwa pa + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Apa amakhala miyezi 4. Tuberiyamu ikhoza kukumbidwa ndikuisungidwa mosiyana mumbale zokhala ndi moss kapena utuchi.
Pakati pa mwezi wa February, mtendere nthawi yachisanu imatha. Tubers iyenera kubzalidwe m'nthaka yatsopano ndi yonyowa. Miphika imasamutsidwa kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 16 ° C. Madzi osamalidwa bwino, dothi likamera.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 25 ya gloxinia, koma ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yokha yomwe imakula mchikhalidwe.
Gloxinia ndi wokongola. Chomera chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira owerengeka okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, onenepa. Amapezeka pazodula zazitali. Mitsempha yotulutsa mpumulo imawoneka pamtunda. Maluwa amtundu wa belu lalikulu amapaka utoto, utoto, buluu, pinki, utoto. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta komanso awiri.
Gloxinia ndi yachifumu. Chifukwa cha mphukira womera, chomera chimapanga chitsamba chaching'ono mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm. Pamaso amaso obiriwira obiriwira pamakhala masamba siliva m'mitsempha. Maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi belu limaphukira pamatayala ataliitali ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka 7 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 5 cm.
Kutengera mitundu ina, obereketsa adabzala mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera. Pakati pawo, zosangalatsa kwambiri lero ndi izi:
- Kuwala Kwakukulu - maluwa akulu oyera ngati chipale chofewa oyenera kupanga maluwa;
Kuwala kwakukulu - Triumph Tender - maluwa akuluakulu awiri amakhala ndi kuwala pinki (marshmallow);
Mtima wachigonjetso - Kristin Irish - masamba awiri owumbika amapangidwa ndi miyala yoyera yokhala ndi maziko oyera ndi malire ofiira;
Chikristin - Pinik Flamingo - maluwa akuluakulu ofiira apinki okhala ndi mzere woonda pang'ono m'mphepete mwa petal;
Pinik flamingo - Yesenia - maluwa awiri omwe amakhala ndi miyala yambiri ya beetroot;
Yesenia - Cherry yozizira - maluwa awiri omwe amakhala ndi burgundy petals yokutidwa ndi madontho oyera ambiri;
Zima Cherry - Usiku Wam'mwera - kakulidwe kakang'ono kawiri maluwa amakhala ndi maroon, pafupifupi akuda petals.
Usiku wakumwera
Malamulo ak kubereka
Gloxinia imafalitsidwa m'njira zingapo:
- kufesa mbewu;
- tuber kugawanika;
- Mizu yodula.
Kukula kwa glxinia kuchokera kumbewu ndikosavuta mokwanira. Mbewu zimagulidwa m'sitolo kapena zimangodziyimira zokha mwa kupukutira mungu. Mabokosi amapsa pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Gloxinia imafesedwa mu February. Ngati kuli kotheka kumveketsa mbande ndi nyali, ndikotheka kukula gloxinia kuyambira mbande za Novembala. Mbewu zimagawidwa pamchenga wonyowa komanso dothi la peat. Muphika wokutidwa ndi galasi ndikuwotha kutentha (+ 20 ... + 22 ° C). Ndikofunikira kupopera dothi tsiku lililonse ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa mphindi 15-30. Mbewu zimamera pakatha masabata awiri. Kuyambira pano, mutha kuchotsa pobisalira ndikuyenda poto kupita pamalo owala. Ndi maonekedwe a masamba enieni a 1-2, mbande zimadumphira mumaphika osiyana. Maluwa amayembekezedwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kukonzanso kwa gloxinia wokhala ndi masamba odulidwa kumachitika m'chilimwe. Muyenera kutenga tsamba lathanzi ndikudula molimba mbali zitatu. Ziweto zimachotsedwa kwathunthu. Tsamba limayikidwa dothi mokhazikika, ndikukumba pansi ndikudula ndi 0,5 cm. Kubzala kumakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusinthidwa kumalo owala ndi otentha (+ 23 ... + 24 ° C). Iyenera kuthandizidwa tsiku lililonse ndikuwanyowetsa nthaka. Pambuyo masiku 15 mpaka 20, mizu ndi timizu tating'ono tidzaonekera kumunsi kwa tsamba. Tsopano masamba amathanso kuwaika m'miphika yaying'ono. Maluwa ndizotheka patatha miyezi 3-4.
Poika mbewu kumayambiriro kasupe, gloxinia tuber ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Mphukira imayenera kukhalabe mgawo lililonse; magawowo amaphwanyidwa ndi makala ophwanyika. Ma Tubers amawokedwa mumiphika yosiyana ndi mainchesi osapitirira 13. Nthawi yakula, kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi + 20 ° C. Maluwa amayamba pakatha miyezi 4.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa mu April, pomwe tuber sanapeze mphukira zazing'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito miphika yaying'ono ya dongo kapena pulasitiki. Ndikofunikira kupereka chida chamadzi chamtundu wapamwamba chokhala ndi mabowo pansi ndi chosanjikiza cha dongo chokulirapo, miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena shoti.
Pakubzala tubers, gawo lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi ma violets ndiloyenera. Mutha kupanga nthaka ndikusakaniza pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- turf nthaka (2 magawo);
- pepala lamtundu (gawo 1);
- peat (magawo awiri);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi);
- decusuous humus (gawo 1).
Poika mbewu, amayesa kumasula mosamala tuber kuchokera ku dongo lakale. Sikufunika kuti muumbire pansi kwambiri. Njira zapamwamba ziyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Sankhani malo
Gloxinia kunyumba amakonda zipinda zowala. Imakula bwino kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwawindo. M'm zipinda zakum'mwera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichititse duwa kutuluka dzuwa, lomwe limasiyira masamba owonda. Gloxinia amatanthauza zomera zazitali zamasana. Kuti akule bwino, amafunika kuyatsa kwa maola 14-16. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito nyali ya fluorescent.
Nthawi yamasamba othandiza, kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala m'malo + 18 ... + 22 ° C. M'masiku otentha, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuwulutsa chipinda kapena kuyika maluwa m'mundamo. Ndikofunikira kuti musalole kusintha kwakukulu pamatenthedwe ndi zojambula, chifukwa chakuti gloxinia imatha kufa mwachangu.
Kusamalira maluwa
Gloxinia ikukulira chisamaliro cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale woyambitsa maluwa komanso wotanganidwa kwambiri atha kupirira nawo. Chomera chimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, koma madziwo sayenera kukhudzana ndi mphukira. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yakukwera kuthirira. Madzi ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kutentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya. Pamene glxinia imazirala, kuthirira kumachepa.
Kwa chomera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chinyezi cha mpweya pamtunda wa 70-80%. Popeza masamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri maluwa amaphimbidwa ndi mulu, ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lopopera. Mutha kuyika mbewu pafupi ndi ma aquariums, akasupe kapena zotengera zadothi lonyowa. Nthawi yomweyo, mizu ndi dothi siziyenera kulumikizana ndi madzi.
M'mwezi wa Epulo-Ogasiti, maluwa ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi michere ndi michere yazomera maluwa. Mankhwalawa amadzipereka m'madzi ambiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito dothi masiku onse asanu ndi awiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse theka la mlingo womwe ukuperekedwa phukusi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Gloxinia imatha kutenga matenda a fungus. Mukathirira ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri, kusakhazikika m'chipindamo kapena kutentha pang'ono, mbewuyo imatambalala, masamba amasintha chikasu ndikukutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni. Ndi kusunthira kwa chinyezi, mutha kupeza utoto wokutira masamba ndi maluwa - zizindikiro za powdery mildew kapena grey rot. Zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira kuthirira ndi kusunga malo. Ndikofunika kuchitira dothi ndi njira yothira fangayi.
Masamba ofowoka a gloxinia amawukira nematode, nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude komanso kupindika. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi majeremusi. Mukamasankha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, muyenera kuphunzira malangizo mosamala. Mankhwala ena amachititsa kuyaka pamasamba (mwachitsanzo, "BI-58"). Popeza masambawo amaphimbidwa ndi mulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera mu mawonekedwe a zopopera, m'malo mwa njira yothirira.
