Chistets ndimtundu wa herbaceous wokhala ndi masamba okongola a shaggy. Olima ena amatcha chomera "stahis" kapena "makutu a nkhosa." Chimawoneka bwino m'mundamo ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira nyimbo zouma ndi zouma. Nthawi yamaluwa, udzu wokhala ndi ma chisto amapaka utoto wokhazikika ndipo umazunguliridwa ndi fungo lokoma. Zimakopa tizilombo komanso mbalame. Mbewuyi ndi ya banja Lamiaceae ndipo imakonda nyengo yotentha ya kuasia, ku America ndi ku Africa. Udzu wosasamala sungayambitse mavuto osafunikira ndipo umasunga kukongola kwake mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Chistets ndi masamba osatha kapena pachaka okhala ndi mpweya wautali, wopanda mphamvu. Imalowa pansi kwambiri. Pa unakhuthala muzu mphukira, kukula tubers amatha kusiyanitsidwa. Gawo lakumalo ndi lofiirira, lokwera ndi mphukira pang'ono. Kutalika kwa mbewuyi ndi 10-30 cm.
Masamba otsika a lanceolate kapena mawonekedwe owoneka ndi mtima amakhala ndi petioles lalifupi ndipo amapezeka pafupi ndi inzake. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 10-12. Masamba apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a ovate-lanceolate. Ma sheet amapetedwa utoto wobiriwira. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imakhala ndi mtundu wamtali wa siliva. Tikuthokoza, masamba akufanana ndi masamba kapena khutu lanyama.
Kutulutsa kwa chikwama kumatha pafupifupi miyezi iwiri (Julayi-Sepemba). Pakadali pano, kumapeto kwa mphukira, ma inflorescence ambiri amaphulika pamtunda wautali wambiri. Masamba obiriwira, opinki, oyera kapena achikasu amakhala ndi kapu yooneka ngati belu ndi mendulo zisanu. Pambuyo popukutira, nati yopanda mphamvu yokhala ndi nkhope zitatu imacha mkati mwa calyx. Imakutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira lakuda.
Malingaliro odziwika
Pali mitundu yoposa 370 yomwe ili m'gulu la Chistec, komabe, ochepa okha, omwe ndi omwe amakongoletsa kwambiri, ndi omwe amatchuka kwambiri.
Ma chimpweya woyeretsa ngati ubweya kapena wa makola. Mitundu yokongoletsera iyi ndiyotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mulu wakuda kwambiri komanso wautali pamasamba. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 40. Chomera chosalemekeza ndi chisanu chimamasula nthawi yachilimwe ndi maluwa ofiira ndi ofiirira, omwe amakhala masiku 40-50.
Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Maso Makulu - mphukira zotsika zokutidwa ndi masamba a shaggy mpaka 25 cm;
- Carpet Siliva - mitundu yaying'ono mpaka 15 masentimita yayitali imapanga kapeti yolimba yobiriwira;
- Phantom Wakutali - mizere yoyera yayitali imawoneka pamtunda masamba;
- Mpira wa Pamba - maluwa oterewa amafanana ndi mabokosi a thonje;
- Sheila Macqueen - osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mphukira otsika komanso masamba a pubescent, samabala maluwa.
Tchire chaminga. Mtunduwu umamera m'malo amatchire ku Europe ndi West Asia. Mitengo yolondola ya tetrahedral imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wa shaggy ndikutha ndi kuwala kwa rasipiberi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ngati wothandizila komanso wotakasika.
Chistets Byzantine. Herbaceous osatha okhala ndi nthambi zowongoka kwambiri amakuza masentimita 60. Mbewuyi ndiofala ku South Asia. Ili ndi vitamini C yambiri komanso mafuta ofunikira.
Tchizi pachaka. Udzu wapachaka wokhala ndi masamba a pubescent ndi inflorescence zazikulu zonunkhira. Chomera chabwino cha uchi, sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazamankhwala.
Chistets Baikal. Chomera chotalika masentimita 50 chimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso masamba opindika, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi mulu wopanda pake. Amamasuka mu inflorescence yayikulu kapena yofiirira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda oopsa, komanso amachititsanso chidwi mphamvu.
Ma chisto ndi marsh. Chomera chofika mpaka 1.1 m chimakhala ndi tsinde wandiweyani ndipo chimasiya ndi mano ang'onoang'ono m'mbali. Zomera zam'mlengalenga zonse zimakutidwa ndi villi yolimba, yakuwonekera pansi. M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa obiriwira a lilac amatulutsa udzu. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala mu mankhwala achikhalidwe cha anthu kuti asiye kutulutsa magazi ndikuchiritsa mabala.
Kubalana
Kufalikira kwa puramu kumachitika ndi njere kapena njira zamasamba. Mbewu zingafesedwe nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena kumapeto. Ngati nyengo yamvula ikula kwambiri m'derali, mutha kumera chistek chifukwa cha mbande. Mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi ndi mchenga wonyowa ndi peat nthaka ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi dothi. Pambuyo pa masiku 5-10, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera. Zomera zimakulabe mu chidebe chimodzi mpaka kuziyika panja. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbande zimadulidwa. Chistets chimalekezera kuphatikizidwa bwino, kotero chimatha kusunthidwa kumalo osavuta kangapo pachaka.
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira mbewu zosatha ndikugawa chitsamba. Njirayi ndiyofunika kupatsa tchire malo okukula. Mu kasupe, chigandacho chimakumbidwa, chimatulutsidwa mosamala ku dongo ndipo dzenjelo limagawika mbali zingapo ndi dzanja. Delenki wobzala m'malo atsopano ndi mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Munthawi yonse yamasamba, cyst imatha kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa. Zozika mizu, mphukira zigawo za masamba 2-4 kapena timapepala totsatana kuchokera pazansi zotsika ndizoyenera. Mizu imachitika mumchenga wonyowa ndi peat. Zodula ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochepa kuti ateteze ku zowola. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mmera uzikhala ndi mizu yaying'ono, ndipo imayamba kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano.
Malamulo Osamalira
Chistets ndi chomera chosasangalatsa ndipo sikutanthauza chisamaliro chokhazikika.
Kuwala Chomera chimakonda madera powunikira bwino, koma chimatha kupirira pang'ono. Mabasi akumva bwino m'malo otseguka kapena pansi pa tchire.
Kutentha Kutentha kwakukulu kuti mukule ndi + 20 ... + 24 ° C. Potseguka, woyeretsa amakhalanso wabwinobwino masiku otentha. Chomera chimagona mu chisanu ndi kulekerera chisanu bwino. Nthambi sizimatayidwa, koma zimataya kukongola nyengo yozizira. Ena wamaluwa amakonda pang'ono pang'ono mphukira za chaka chatha.
Dothi. "Makutu a nkhosa" amatha kusintha nthaka iliyonse. Dothi lopepuka lomwe lili ndi chonde chokwanira ndilabwino kwambiri. Ngati dothi ladzaza kwambiri ndi michere, mbewuyo imataya mtundu wake wokongola wa siliva ndikusintha wobiriwira.
Kuthirira. Myeretso yamadzi iyenera kukhala yochepa. Imalekerera chilala chosakhalitsa, koma kuchokera ku chinyezi chambiri chimatha kuvunda mwachangu. Pakati pa kuthirira, zigawo za kumtunda ziyenera kuti ziume bwino.
Feteleza. Kuti muchotse kukula komanso maluwa ambiri, kachikwamako kakuyenera kudyetsedwa. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wodziunjikira mphamvu kuti nthawi yachisanu ikubwera. Kawiri mu kasupe amayenera kuwonjezeredwa humus ya nkhuku kapena ndowe, kusakaniza ndi ammonium nitrate. Zamoyo zingathe kusinthidwa ndi ma mineral complexes.
Kudulira. Maluwa atakwanira, mapesi a maluwa ndi masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa. Mwambiri, chifukwa chamaluwa, chikwama chimataya zokongoletsera: zimayambira zimatambasulidwa ndikuwonekera pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, olima maluwa ena salola maluwa. Masamba akayamba kupanga, amawadulira. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukhalabe mphukira zotsika ndi masamba ofewa, okongoletsa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. M'malo okhala chinyezi komanso kusefukira kwamadzi nthawi zonse, stachis amadwala fungal matenda. Koma tizirombo pafupifupi sitikhazikika pa mphukira zake.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Masamba ofewa komanso osalala amtundu wa siliva wosazolowereka amakhala bwino ndi njira zokumbira ndi mabedi amaluwa. Chistets chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapiri a Alpine, rockeries komanso kutsogolo kwa mabedi owala maluwa. Chomera chimawoneka chokongola m'dera loyandikana ndi marigolds, ageratum, Veronica, bluebell ndi maluwa ena. Imasiyanitsa bwino kukongoletsa kopanga masamba, mkaka, geyher ndi ma cuffs.
Stachis angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati m'minda, komanso nyimbo maluwa. Leaflets amakhalabe okongola mu bokosi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuchiritsa katundu
M'madera onse azomera, ma tannins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, mafuta ofunikira, pectins, ascorbic acid amapezeka. Pokhala ndi poizoni wochepa m'thupi, woyeretsa amakhala ndi izi:
- kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- painkiller;
- machiritso;
- okodzetsa;
- woyembekezera;
- antimicrobial;
- otakasuka;
- sedative.
Zigawo zonse za chomera ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino, zouma m'mpweya wabwino ndikuphwanyidwa kukhala ufa. Zotsatira zopangira zinthuzo zimaswedwa kapena zimakakamizidwa ku mowa. Mankhwala amatha kuumwa pakamwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa. Kusamba ndi kuwonjezera kwa oyeretsa kumawonetseranso zabwino.
