Miltonia orchid ndi chomera chokongola komanso chamaluwa akuluakulu. Pazipangidwe zawo, miltonia nthawi zambiri imatchedwa pansy orchid. Mitundu ya mbewu ndi ya banja lalikulu la Orchidaceae. Mutha kukumana ndi kukongola pa mitengo m'nkhalango yotentha ya pakati komanso kumwera kwa Brazil. Miltonia amakopa alimi ambiri ndi kukongola kwake, koma pamafunika chisamaliro mosamala ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Pokhapokha ngati izi ndizotheka kukwaniritsa maluwa ambiri komanso owala.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Miltonia ndi wosabereka. Ndi epiphyte, ndiye kuti, imakhazikika m'makungwa a mitengo ikuluikulu ndipo imadyera pang'onopang'ono. Mizu ya Miltonia imapangidwa bwino ndipo pang'ono amapezeka pansi. Amafunikanso kuwala komanso kulumikizana ndi mpweya.
Pansi pa miltonia pali pseudobulbs. Amakhala ndi chowondera kapena chowoneka ngati peyala ndipo ndiotalika 7-8 cm. Magawo awa a mbewu adapangidwa kuti asunge chinyontho. Pamwamba pa ma pseudobulbs, masamba okhazikika, okhala ndi lamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira amatuluka. Kutalika kwawo ndi 35-40 masentimita, amatha kukhazikika kapena kuwongoka pang'ono.
Pakatikati pa maluwa (Julayi-Okutobala), duwa lokhalitsa lamaluwa limatulutsa masamba. Imanyamula maluwa akuluakulu a 6-8. Danga lamiyala yooneka ngati nyenyezi kapena yozungulira limafika masentimita 9 mpaka 10. Mapeteni amajambulidwa ndi zofiirira, zofiirira kapena zozungulira. Amatha kukhala otakata, amphepete kapena lanceolate. Nthawi zambiri milomo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso imasiyana pakati. Maluwa amatenga nthawi yayitali mokwanira (masabata a 4-6), koma ndiyofunikira kudula phesi la maluwa - ndipo masamba amapera nthawi yomweyo.
Mitundu ya Miltonia
Miltonia ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 ndi mahybrids okhala intraspecific. Palinso mitundu 40 yophatikiza ya miltonia. Ganizirani mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ya miltonia.
Miltonia ndi loyera chipale chofewa. Zomera zimatulutsa mu September. Pa mtunda wautali, mpaka maluwa akulu akulu 5 amatuluka mulifupi mwake masentimita 8-9. Mitunduyo idatchedwa dzina la milomo yoyera chipale chofewa, yomwe imazunguliridwa ndi miyala yamkati yakuda kwambiri. Duwa lonse limafanana ndi nyenyezi.
Miltonia Klousa. Kukula kwa inflorescence kumakhala ndi maluwa akulu 8-10 amtundu wa tiger. Pa miyala yachikasu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Pakati pake pali milomo yoyera yokhala ndi maziko a papo.
Miltoniopsis. Wophatikiza miltonia wokhala ndi phalaenopsis. Miltonia limamasula mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndi maluwa ofanana ndi ma pansies. Pa maziko oyera, milomo ndi malo ofiira komanso achikasu osatalika.
Miltonia Renelli. Pakati pa masamba okhazikika bwino, peduncle wokuluka amakula ndi maluwa 3-5 oyera. Milomo yapinki yapinki ili ndi malire oyera ndipo yokutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira.
Mitassia. Mtengowo uli ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka bwino a lilac ndi mtundu wofiirira. Maluwa amayamba kugwa. Zokongoletsa zabwino.
Njira zolerera
Kufalikira kwa miltonia kumachitika ndi njira yogawa chitsamba. Chapakatikati, pozula, mbewu yophukira iyenera kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Pa gawo lililonse, ma pseudobulbs a 3-5 ayenera kutsalira. Malowo odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi makala osweka ndikuwuma kwa maola angapo mumlengalenga. Pambuyo pa izi, miltonia ikhoza kubzalidwa m'miphika yaying'ono yowoneka bwino ndi dothi la akulu akulu.
Pambuyo pakugawa, maluwa amafunika kuthirira mosamala. Kwakanthawi, mbewu imasiya kukula. Tchire zokulirapo, lokhala ndi mababu ambiri, limakula bwino ndipo limaphuka mochuluka, kotero magawikidwe sayenera kuchitika pafupipafupi.
Momwe mungasulire maluwa
Miltonia samasinthidwa nthawi zambiri, ndizokwanira kuchita izi kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3. Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi chiyambi cha masika. Ngati mizu ya miltonia yakula kwambiri mwakuti singakwane mumphika, mutha kutenga chidebe chokulirapo kapena kugawa chitsamba m'magawo angapo.
Mphika uyenera kutengedwa wowoneka bwino, pulasitiki, wokhala ndi mabowo akuluakulu oyikapo. Pakujambulidwa, dothi lakale limatsukidwa kwathunthu kuchokela kumizu ndikuwanyowa m'madzi. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mizu zowola ndi kuchuluka kwa nthaka acidization. Dothi la miltonia limapangidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- wosweka mizu ya fern;
- sphagnum moss;
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- zidutswa zamakala.
Osazama kwambiri ndi ma pseudobulbs kwambiri, gawo la nthambizo liyenera kukhala padziko lapansi.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira miltonia kunyumba kumafuna kuyesetsa. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yokwanitsira maluwa ambiri komanso ambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha komwe kuli maluwa.
Kuwala Miltonia amakonda kuwala kozungulira. Kuwala kwamadzulo mwachindunji kumayambitsa kuwotcha ndikuwoneka mawanga oyipa pazithunzi. Penumbra yaying'ono imaloledwa. Ndi kusankha koyenera kukula ndi nthawi yayitali ya masamba, masamba amatenga kuwala kwa pinki.
Kutentha Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya ndi + 20 ... + 22 ° C. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya mulowerere m'malo ambiri kuti duwa lisatenthe kwambiri. Potentha kwambiri, masamba a orchid amakhala ocheperako komanso ofinya, kukula amachepetsa. Mukaponya ndege, ndikofunikira kuteteza miltonia kuti zisakonzedwe. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kutsitsa kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka + 15 ° C.
Chinyezi. Chinyontho choyenera cha miltonia ndi 70%. M'chipinda chouma, nsonga za masamba zimayamba kuuma. Nthawi zambiri ndikosafunika kupopera masamba, ndibwino kuyika zotengera ndi madzi kapena timiyala tonyowa pafupi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kupukuta masamba ndi fumbi.
Kuthirira. Panthawi yogwira komanso maluwa, miltonia amafunika madzi okwanira. Mababu opukutidwa amawonetsa kusowa chinyezi. Monga ma orchid ena, ndibwino kuthirira madziwo mwa kumiza mumphika kwa mphindi 10-15 mu beseni ndi madzi. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito shafa lotentha (+ 45 ° C). Madzi ochulukirapo ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukasamba, masamba amapukuta.
Feteleza Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayikidwa kawiri pamwezi kuyambira Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo zapadera za orchid. Gawo la umuna umathiridwa munthaka, ndipo gawo linalo limathiridwa ndi masamba.
Nthawi yopumula. Pambuyo maluwa, ana ang'onoang'ono amayamba kukula mu miltonia. Akakhala ofanana kukula ndi akale, ndikofunikira kuti achepetse kuthilira ndikusunthira mumphika pamalo ozizira (+ 15 ... + 17 ° C). Munthawi imeneyi, mbewuyi ndi miyezi 1.5-2, imapuma ndipo ikupeza mphamvu yatsopano maluwa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Miltonia atha kugwidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndikothirira kwambiri komanso kusakwiya, komanso madzi akuchulukana m'masamba amamba, zowola zimatha kukula. Chizindikiro chake choyamba ndi masamba achikasu. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusintha boma la ulimi wothirira, kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka za mbewu ndikuchita mankhwalawa.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tambiri zimakhazikika pamapepala. Njira zothetsera tizilombo zimathandizira kuchotsa majeremusi. Kukonzekera kuyenera kubwerezedwa kawiri ndi gawo la masiku 5-7.