N'zovuta kupeza wodzichepetsa ndi nthawi yomweyo wokongola chomera monga petunia terry. Maluwa okongola adzakopa chidwi cha anthu omwe sali osiyana-siyana.
Iwo azikongoletsa kwambiri bedi lililonse la maluwa, ndipo n'zosavuta kuwasamalira. Choncho, petunias ndi okondedwa kwambiri ndi florist.
Kufotokozera
Petunia ndi maluwa osatha. Mwachilengedwe, imakula m'nkhalango za ku South America. Chomera chomera ichi chachititsa mitundu yambiri ya petunias, yomwe tsopano ikudziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Petunia Terry - wosakanizidwa chaka ndi chaka, zotsatira za kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwa obereketsa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mu maonekedwe a maluwa n'zovuta kupeza kufanana kwa petunia terry ndi American wachibale. Tchire tating'ono tochepa mpaka masentimita 30 mu msinkhu (pali masentimita 45), ophimbidwa ndi maluwa okongola omwe ali ndi mapavuni. Mtundu wa mtundu ndi wosiyana kwambiri: kuchokera ku chipale chofewa mpaka kufiira. Zimamasula zonse m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, kuzizira kwambiri. 
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "petunia" limachokera ku mawu a ku Brazil akuti "petun", kutanthauza "fodya". Pansi pa dzina limeneli m'zaka za zana la 18, mtundu wa Petunia unayamba kufotokozedwa, popeza masamba ake ali ofanana ndi masamba a fodya..
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya terry
Mitundu ya petunia terry ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: yaikulu-ikuyenda ndi maluwa akuluakulu (10 cm kapena kuposa m'mimba mwake) ndi ambiri-akuyandama ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono mpaka 5 masentimita awiri. Zabwino mwa iwo ndi:
Angora - pamwamba (mpaka 45 cm) chitsamba chokongoletsera, chodzaza ndi maluwa okongola a pinki (masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake). Zimakondwera ndi maluwa ake okongola kuyambira June mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi kutentha kwamtunda. 
Valentine - chitsamba champhamvu mpaka 40 masentimita ndi nthambi zakuda. Ndi maluwa ake akuluakulu a mtundu wa salimoni ndi ziphuphu zowoneka mofanana ndi carnation. Amamasula mofulumira komanso amamasula nthawi yaitali.
Sonata - otsika shrub (mpaka 30 masentimita) okongoletsedwa bwino ndi maluwa akuluakulu a chipale chofewa. Chilengedwe chimamasula zonse chilimwe mpaka September ndipo sizitha kuyambitsa matenda. 
Pirouette - Ichi ndi chamoyo chachikulu cha petunia. Pa zitsamba zazikulu mpaka 35 masentimita, lalikulu masamba (10-15 masentimita awiri) ndi jagged pamakhala kuonekera bwino. Mtunduwu ndi wosiyana: kuchokera ku pinki wakuda kuti ufiira ndi zoyera zoyera, zomwe zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri, ndi kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu umodzi kupita ku wina. 
Powonongeka kawiri - wambiri nthambi baka 35-38 masentimita mkulu ndi lalikulu maluwa, mpaka 13 masentimita awiri. Maluwa a Terry ali ndi phokoso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: mdima wakuda, burgundy, lavender, pinki yofiira. Petunia "Double Cascade" pachimake nyengo imafika patapita milungu ingapo kuposa ena. 
Duo - yaing'ono-flowered petunia. Zitsamba za Gustovetvistye (masentimita 35 m'litali) zimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa okongola (masentimita 5 m'mimba mwake) mitundu yowala: kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka kufiira. Zachitika zodziwika bwino komanso zamitundu iwiri. Maluwa onse chilimwe ndipo saopa chinyezi.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yamakono ya petunias imalekerera nyengo yoipa (mphepo, mvula, chilala) bwino kusiyana ndi akale.
Kukula petunias ku mbewu
Ngakhale petunia ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, mbande zokula ndizovuta kwambiri. Izi ziyenera kuyamba mu February-March, ndiye maluwa adzayamba molingana ndi dongosolo mu May-June.
Cholinga chokonzekera
Nthaka iyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, ngakhale kugwa, kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha nthaka yamba, humus ndi mchenga wofanana. Mukhoza kugula gawo lapadera mu sitolo. Kotero kuti chodzala zomera sizikhala ndi matenda a fungal, dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotetezeka. Kuti tikwaniritse izi m'njira ziwiri:
- Gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi mu griddle kapena uvuni, mudzaze mbaleyo ndi kufesa mbewu ndikutsanulira potassium permanganate. Mu tsiku, nthaka ikauma, idzakhala yokonzeka.
- Thirani nthaka mu bokosi la kukula kwa mbeu ndikutsanulira madzi otentha pa iyo. Pambuyo pa dziko lapansi, mutha kubzala mbewu.
Zosankha zonsezi zimakulolani kuthetseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, makamaka, ndi bowa.Kufesa
Nkhumba za Petunia ndizochepa kwambiri (mu mbeu za mtundu wa terry ndizovuta), choncho musabzale kwambiri ndikuphimba ndi kutayika kwa dziko lapansi. Mmodzi mwa amodzi, amafalikira pamalo okonzeka ndipo amatsitsikira pang'ono, kuthirira madzi ndi madzi othandiza. Mbewu zapamwamba ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu ndikuyika malo otentha. Kutentha kokwanira ndi 20 ... + 23 ° С.
Ndikofunikira! Kulima kwa petunia mbewu ndizomwe zili pamwamba. Koma mitundu ya terry imabereka mbewu zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapezeka 25% za mbande zofanana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri zidzakhala zofooka komanso zowonjezera. Kuti mupeze chitsimikizo chachikulu, ndi bwino kudzala mbewu zomwe zagulidwa mu sitolo yapadera.
Kusamalira mmera
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera. Kenaka muyenera kuchotsa galasi kapena kujambula filimu ndikuyika bokosi ndi mbande pazenera zowonongeka bwino. Zimamera ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuthiridwa nthawi zonse komanso moyenera, koma kuti dziko lapansi lisaume ndi losakanizidwa, mwinamwake zomera zidzadwala. Ngati chipinda chili chotentha komanso sichikwanira, chimachokera. Mungathe kuthetsa vutoli pochepetsa kutentha ndi kuwonjezera kuwala, mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi nyali za fluorescent. Mbande amafunika kudyetsa 3-4 pa mwezi. Zitha kukhala mineral ndi feteleza, ngakhale nkhuku zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kusankha
Kuonekera pa masamba atatu enieni ndi chizindikiro choti ndi nthawi yosankha. Ngati zamasamba sizinapangidwe miphika, koma mu bokosi, ndiye patali pafupifupi masentimita asanu 5. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, muyenera kutsina chomera chilichonse 1/3. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, kusamalanso kumafunikanso patali pamtunda wa masentimita 6 mpaka 7. Komanso, muyenera kupewanso mbewu iliyonse. Mbande zimafunika kuumitsa, kubweretsa kumsewu kapena khonde, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe imakhala pamlengalenga. Mu May, pamene mulibe chisanu, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'malo osatha: maluwa, flowerbed, chidebe kapena miphika. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala 25-30 masentimita, kotero kuti pali malo okwanira kuti akule bwino. 
Ndikofunikira! Musamanyalanyaze ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa chaichi chitsamba cholimba cha mawonekedwe abwino chikupangidwa..
Kodi kufalitsa mbewu cuttings
Popeza kuti sikokwanira kusonkhanitsa mbewu zabwino kwambiri ndikukula kuchokera kwa iwo maluwa a terry, Ndi bwino kubereka petunia mwa kudula. Kotero chitsamba chaching'ono chikutsimikiziridwa kukhala cholowa chonse cha mayi chomera ndipo chidzakhala kwenikweni terry petunia.
Phunzirani zonse za subtleties za kuswana petunias cuttings ndi mbewu.Kuti muchite izi, chitsamba, chomwe chidzakhala gwero la pulasitiki, chiyenera kubweretsedwa m'chipinda chozizira m'nyengo ya kugwa ndikupanga zinthu zoyenera kuti zikhale: kuwala, kuzizira (+ 10 ... 12 ° C) komanso kuthirira mochepa, ngakhale pang'ono. M'chaka, achinyamata amawombera mpaka masentimita 10, ndipo amakhala ndi mfundo ziwiri, amadulidwa ku chitsambachi. Ndi iwo muyenera kuchotsa masamba onse, kupatula pamwamba awiri. Kuwomba mofulumira kumathandiza kuti phytohormone yothetsera vutoli, yomwe muyenera kuikamo mdulidwe wa cuttings. Kwa rooting, kudula mphukira kungaike muzitsulo zamadzimadzi, mvula yamchenga kapena lotayirira nthaka. Mpaka mizu ikuwoneka, cuttings amafunika kuwala ndi kutentha (+ 20 ... + 23 ° С). Pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi awiri kenako, mizu imapangidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa pa "malo okhala" osatha ndi mchenga.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji petry petunia?
Kusamalira petunia n'kosavuta, koma nkofunika kuti tizichita bwino. Ngati chinachake cholakwika, chomeracho chimayamba ndi mdima wochepa, sichimasintha konse, kapena nthawi zambiri chimadwala.
Kuunikira
Petunias amakonda dzuwa, Choncho, ayenera kumalidwa pambali kapena pamthunzi. Amagwirizana bwino ndi khonde lomwe likuyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera cha kumadzulo. Ngati pali mthunzi wambiri ndi kuwala pang'ono, zimayambira, masamba ambiri ndi maluwa ocheperako amaoneka ngati osakongola.
Anali aang'ono, mabala, aster, thyme, bello, yaskolka, stonecrop, edelweiss, sage (salvia), geykher ndi yarrow, komanso petunia, zomera zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale ndi moyo.
Kuthirira
Terry petunias akhoza kulekerera mavuto aakulu: chilala ndi madzi. Koma kuti chomera chikhale bwino komanso bwino pachimake, amafunika nthawi zonse kuthirira. Sitingalole kuti dothi ladothi liume. Izi zingachititse kuti kangaude kuwonongeke. Komano, sikutheka kuti madzi asapitirire pansi, chifukwa cha izi, mizu idzavunda ndipo matenda osiyanasiyana adzakula.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kutentha, kupopera mmawa ndi madzulo kumapiri akukula pa khonde ndi madzi ndikoletsa katemera wa kangaude.
Feteleza
Petunia idzaphuka kwambiri komanso yopitirira ngati ikudyetsedwa ndi zovuta zamchere, zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu. Chakudya chiyenera kuchitika kawiri pa mwezi nthawi zonse pamene chomera chikuphulika.
Kuchotsa peduncles
Mabala owonongeka ndi otukuka ayenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati mutalola kuti ovary apangidwe ndi chipatso chimachokera ku izo, izi zidzateteza chitsamba ku maluwa ambiri. Ngati mazirawa amatha nthawi, maluwa atsopano adzaphulika nthawi yonse ya maluwa.
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Zotsatira za kusagwirizana kwa petunias ndiko kugonjetsedwa kwa matenda ndi tizirombo:
- "Mwendo wakuda" - Zowola zowola, zomwe mbali ya pansi ya tsinde imakhala yofewa, imamera, ndipo mbewu imamwalira. Matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri mu mbande chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo ofesa mbewu ndi kuthirira mbewu. Pofuna kupewa misa imfa ya mbande, muyenera kuchotsa mwamsanga chomeracho pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi. Mbewu zina ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa madzi okwanira kuti madzi asawonongeke pansi.
- Mame a Mealy - matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza masamba ndi maluwa ndi pachimake choyera. Chifukwa chake chimasintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi. Malo okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ku chomera ndi kuchiritsidwa ndi sulufule.
- Zoona chlorosis - kusowa chitsulo mu maluwa, kumene masamba amatembenukira chikasu. Chomera sichichilandira chifukwa cha kashiamu wochulukirapo pansi ndi kuthirira madzi ovuta. Manyowa amathandizira kukhalapo kwa chitsulo.
- Masamba achikasu mu petunia chifukwa chosayenera kutentha, zosayenera madzi ndi tizirombo.
- Kangaude mite - kangaude wofiira, yomwe ili m'munsi mwa masamba omwe ali ndi chibwebwe choyera. Polimbana ndi izi, muyenera kusamba masamba ndi madzi, fodya wofooka, sulfure kapena tizilombo toononga.
- Aphid - tizilombo toyambitsa zobiriwira, imvi kapena zofiira, zomwe tozhezhivet zili pansi pa tsamba, zimatenga juzi kuchokera masamba, chifukwa zimayanika ndi kuzizira. Mukhoza kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera okonzedwa bwino kapena yankho la nicotine sulfate (1 g) ndi madzi a sopo (1 l). Tsiku lotsatira kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi, chitsamba chonse chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi oyera.
- Whitefly - gulugufegu loyera, limene limatulutsa mphutsi zake pansi pa masamba ndipo limachulukana mofulumira. Zikuwonekera m'mabotchi ndi malo ena ozungulira. Mungathe kuwononga izo pokha pothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli ndi permethrin.
