Osteospermum ndi chomera cha herbaceous chokhala ndi maluwa akulu. Dziko lakwawo ndi Cape Valley kumayiko aku Africa, chifukwa chake mbewu zimatchedwa "Cape Daisy" kapena "Chamomile wa ku Africa." Maluwa ndi a banja la a Astrov ndipo amasungunula mabasiketi okongola a pink-lilac okhala ndi pakati pakatikati buluu kapena wakuda. Chifukwa cha maluwa ataliatali komanso ochulukirapo, osteospermum ndi mlendo wolandila osati m'mundamo, komanso pawindo. Ndizokongoletsera zabwino m'chipindacho ndipo chimatha kukhala mphatso yokondweretsa m'malo mwa maluwa wamba.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Osteospermum ndi herbaceous osatha obzala mu chikhalidwe ngati mwana wazaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri. Yake imaphukira nthambi mwamphamvu kuchokera pansi ndipo imapanga chitsamba kapena kukula. Gawo la ofananira nawo limatsikira pansi. Kutalika kwamasamba kumatha kufika 1-1,5 m, koma mitundu yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 30-50 cm ndiyotchuka kwambiri pachikhalidwe.
Cylindrical, pang'ono zimayambira zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba a petiole. Masamba obiriwira akuda amakhala ndi mawonekedwe owundana kapena ovoid. Mphepete mwawo amaphimbidwa ndi mano ndi maluwa. Pamasamba pamakhala timankhwala tokoma tomwe timatulutsa fungo linalake.
Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mu Juni ndipo imatha mpaka nthawi yophukira. Mabasiketi akuluakulu a inflorescences amaphulika kumtunda kwa tsinde pazinthu zopanda mitengo. Dawo lawo ndi masentimita 3-8. Maluwa a mtanga umodzi samatenga masiku opitilira 5. Pambuyo kufota, masamba atsopano amawoneka. Pakati pa inflorescence ndi maluwa osabala a tubular, opaka utoto wamtambo wabuluu kapena wofiirira. Madontho ofiira ofiira osawoneka bwino amakhala pamwamba pamtunda. Maluwa a Reed amakula m'mphepete lakunja. Mitundu yawo yamtengo wapatali ndi pinki, lilac, chikasu, ofiira kapena lalanje, yodziwika bwino komanso yokhala ndi ma tepi, osalala kapena opindika kukhala chubu chopapatiza.
Mosiyana ndi mamembala ena am'banja, osteospermum imayala nthimba mu maluwa ooneka bwino kwambiri. Pambuyo pochita kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, nyemba zazikulu zakuda zimakhwima. Ngati chinyontho chikufika pa maluwa, amasowa msanga. Chifukwa chake, kuti ateteze ku mvula ndi mame, ma petals amatsekedwa usiku ndi nyengo yamvula. Masamba amatsegulidwa ndikuwala koyambirira kwa dzuwa.
Mitundu yaminda
Pazonse, pali mitundu 70 ya mbewu pamtundu wa osteosperm, koma magawo okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe chomwe adakhala oyambitsa mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera.
Osteospermum ya eclon. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yokhala ndi zitsamba zolimba imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira za 50-100 cm. Mphukira zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira a obovate. Zomera sizilekerera kuzizira kwambiri, kotero kuti nyengo yotentha imawerengedwa.
Osteospermum yosangalatsa. Mitundu yokonda kutentha komanso yokongoletsa kwambiri, yomwe imakutidwa ndi maluwa pafupifupi chaka chonse. Mtengo wawukulu wofiirira-wapinki umakhala ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala yosalala komanso pakati penipeni pa buluu. Zinali pamtundu wamtunduwu pomwe mitundu ingapo imapezeka yomwe mitundu ya petals imasintha.
Osteospermum wosakanizidwa. Gululi limabweretsa mitundu yambiri yophatikiza yomwe ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa olima. Amalephera kuthana ndi nyengo, mawonekedwe achilendo a inflorescence komanso kuthekera kwa ma petals kusintha mtundu. Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri:
- Thambo ndi ayezi ndi mabasiketi osavuta okhala ndi mizere yoyera ngati chipale chofewa komanso maziko owala a buluu.
- Congo - miyala ya pinki.
- Pemba - ma petals apinki apinki pakati amapindika kukhala chubu ndikufanana ndi mitsuko yaying'ono.
- Osteospermum ozizira - masamba osagwira kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a chisanu obwera mpaka 50c. Amakutidwa kwambiri ndi daisies zazikulu (6-8 cm).
- Peshne - amasungunula madengu ambiri osavuta a pinki kapena ofiira m'mimba mwake mpaka 5 cm.
- Aquila ndi mitundu yosazizira koma yokhala ndi ma inflorescence okongola amdima omwe amakhala ndi fungo labwino.
- Symphony zonona - pamtunda wa mandimu achikasu achikasu ndi mzere wopyapyala.
- Sparkler - chitsamba chotalika 25-30 cm chimakutidwa ndi maluwa achilendo. Pamwamba pa pamiyalayo ndi zoyera, ndipo pansi pake ndi utoto wa buluu. Pa masamba amamba pali mikwingwirima ya golide wagolide.
Njira zolerera
Nthawi zambiri, osteospermum imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Pafupi ndi maluwa, ngati simumachotsa ma inflorescence munthawi yake, kudzimana kochuluka kumawonekera. Mutha kubzala mbewu nokha nthawi yomweyo kumapeto kwa Meyi. Komabe, maluwa amabwera pokhapokha pa Ogasiti. Kuti muwone maluwa oyamba mu Juni, mbande zamera. Pakabzala mbewu, zokongoletsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana (mitundu ndi utoto) sizisungidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, mbewu zimabzalidwa mumiphika wa peat kapena mapiritsi m'magulu a ma 2-3 ma PC. Amaikidwa m'manda ndi 5-10 mm. Dothi limanyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Amasungidwa m'chipinda chomwe kutentha + kwa 18 ... + 20 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakatha sabata. Pamalo ozizira, mbewu zina sizimera. Ndi mawonekedwe a masamba enieni mbande, imasunthidwa tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo kupita kumalo abwino kuti ikometse. Kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pofika nthawi yobzala panthaka, iyenera kukhala + 12 ° C.
Kuti tisunge mitundu yosowa, imafalikira ndi kudulidwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mbali yakumwambayi ya masentimita 7-9 ndi masamba 3-4. Zodulidwa zitha kudulidwa chaka chonse. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa ndikuyika nthambizo kapu yamadzi. Zikhazikeni pam kutentha + pafupifupi 20 ° C. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, zidutswa za osteosperm zimabzalidwa m'miphika yaying'ono yosakanikirana ndi mchenga, decusuous humus ndi dothi lotentha. Kutsirira ikuchitika zochepa. Pamasiku ofunda, mbewu zimawululidwa kunja. Thambo lotseguka lotseguka limakonzekera nyengo yamasika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Osteospermum imawonedwa ngati chomera chosavuta kusamalira. Iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo otseguka bwino, chifukwa mumtambo wamaluwa sichikhala wambiri ndipo masamba nthawi zambiri amatsekeka. Nthaka imatha kukhala ndi kachulukidwe kalikonse, koma koposa zonse, maluwa amakula panthaka yopanda michere popanda kusalolera kapena pang'ono acidic. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kubzala, ganizirani kutalika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mtunda pakati pa tchire umasungidwa pafupi masentimita 30-50. Tsinani pamwamba pa chomera chabwinobwino.
Osteospermum imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -5 ° C ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutulutsa koyamba kwa maluwa kumachitika mu Juni. Pamasiku otentha a Julayi, nthawi yochepa yopumira imayamba. Pakati pa Ogasiti, kutentha kumatha, maluwa amayamba ndi mphamvu zatsopano.
Thirani mafuta osteospermum mosamalitsa. Chomera chimalekerera chilala chowoneka bwino, koma chingachepetse kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa maluwa. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi samasunthira m'nthaka, chifukwa chake kuola kwa mizu kumakula.
Kuyambira chiyambi cha Meyi, osteospermum wakhala umuna kawiri pamwezi. Ma organic ndi mineral complexes ya maluwa osinthira. Zomera zazing'ono zitha kuvutika chifukwa cha udzu. Nthaka pafupi ndi dimba la maluwa liyenera kumera udzu pafupipafupi. Mitengo yamtali wamtambo imamangirizidwa kuti chitsamba chisagwere popanda mphepo kapena mvula yambiri. Ma inflorescence owonongedwa amachotsedwa munthawi yake, ndiye kuti masamba atsopano awonekera posachedwa.
Ngati nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa mpweya sikumatsika -10 ° C, mafutawa amatha mpaka kumapeto, amasunga masamba ndi mphukira. M'madera ozizira, kuti asunge maluwa, mbewu zimakumbidwa ndikuziika m'miphika yozizira. Osteospermum imalekerera kupandukira ndipo imabwezeretsedwa mwachangu. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimasungidwa kutentha kwa + 5 ... + 10 ° C ndi kuyatsa kwabwino. Kutsirira kumachepetsa kwambiri. Chapakatikati, chitsambachi chimabzalidwanso m'mundamo kapena kutengera maluwa omwe ali pomwepo.
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera ndikuthirira moyenera, osteospermum sikhala ndi matenda ndi majeremusi, motero simuyenera kusamalira kupewa komanso kuchiza.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafupa
Tchuthi zokongola, zokutidwa ndi miyala yokongola, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Amakhala m'mabungwe ogulitsa pakati pa udzu, m'malo mwa udzu, kuchotsera kapena dimba losakaniza maluwa. Osteospermum imapanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso amasangalatsa ndi maluwa okongola ndi onunkhira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mitundu yokhala ndi zotsika kapena zokwawa ndiyabwino kupangira carape yopitilira kapena kukula kwambiri. Mitundu yazovala bwino imamera bwino m'maluwa ndi m'malo amaluwa, omwe amaikidwa pamtundu wa verandas, makonde ndi nyumba.
