Neomarica ndiwowuma m'nyumba kuchokera kwa banja la Iris. Ndizofala ku South America komanso pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Africa. Ojambula maluwa amamukonda amadyera owala, ochulukirapo komanso maluwa akulu. Neomarica pachithunzichi ndi chitsamba chamoto chokhala ndi maluwa osalala, onunkhira. Mayina ena amadziwikanso: kuyenda kwa iris, kwa mtumwi iris, kapena kwa mdierekezi.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Neomarika ndi maluwa otuwa nthawi zonse okhazikika pawokha. Chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yophuka. Pamwamba pamtunda, maluwa oyambira a masamba a xiphoid amawululidwa. Masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino amapezeka kuti ali ndi fan, masamba atali kwambiri amatha kugwa pansi. Kutalika kwambale masamba okhala ndi matumba obisika, otalika ndi 60-180 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 5-6 cm.
Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera pa Meyi-Julayi. Malamba aatali, osinthika amtundu wa maluwa amapangidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku makulidwe a tsamba lakumtunda. Phesi iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba a 3-5. Pakatikati mwa maluwa ndi masentimita 5-8. Maluwa a neomarik amafanana ndi duwa la iris. Muli ndi mitundu 6 yosinthana ndi mitundu yowala. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa owaza, abuluu, ofiirira, ndi agolide. Maluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri wokhala ndi zolemba za tart.
Duwa lirilonse limakhala lopanda tsiku. Kusungunuka m'mawa, nthawi yamadzulo ayandikira. M'malo mwa bud, khanda laling'ono limayamba kukula ndi mizu yakeyawo. Zigawo zonse za chomerazi ndizopweteka kwambiri, motero zimayikidwa kutali ndi ana ndi ziweto.
Mitundu ya neomariki
Pazonse, mitundu 15 inalembedwa mu mtundu wa neomaric. Pa chikhalidwe, awiri okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Neomarica ndiyochepa. Mtengowo umakhala chitsamba chachikulu chophukira mpaka 1 mita. Kutalika kwambiri kwa masamba ndi 1.8 m.Mtambo wawutali wautali uli ndi masamba 10 omwe amatsegula pang'onopang'ono. Danga lamtunduwo ndi masentimita 6 mpaka 10. Maluwa amapaka utoto wamkaka kapena golide.
Neomarica Kumpoto. Zomera zophatikiza zambiri. Kutalika kwa tchire sikupita masentimita 80. Kutalika kwa masamba achikopa ndi 60-90 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 5. Maluwa amawagawa kumtunda kwa peduncle kwa ma pc a 4-6. . Pakati, duwa lili ndi mikwingwirima ingapo yagolide.
Zosiyanasiyana ndizotchuka kwambiri. neomarica mosagate. Masamba ake amakhala ndi mikwaso yoyera yosanjidwa motsatana. Maluwa a mosagate neomarika ndi ochulukirapo komanso aatali. Mphukira zatsopano zimakhazikitsidwa pomwe yoyamba ija kufota.
Kuswana
Neomarika ofalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Chosavuta kwambiri ndi kufalitsa kwa neomariki. Pambuyo maluwa, ana amakula mwachangu. Itha kudulidwa kapena kuzika mizu popanda kudzipatula ku chomera. Ndikokwanira kukankhira pansi mphukira yaying'ono pansi ndi waya kapena clamp, ndipo imazika mkati mwa masabata 1-2. Ana ozika mizu amalimbikitsidwa mumphika wina ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Ndikubwera kwa mizu yaying'ono, peduncle imakonzedwa ndipo neomarika imakula ngati chomera chodziimira pawokha.
The neomarica pang'onopang'ono imakula ndikupanga chitsamba chachikulu cha malo angapo ogulitsira. Itha kugawidwa. Chomeracho chimakumbidwa kwathunthu, chimamasulidwa ku dongo ndipo chimadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa mbali. Pa gawo lililonse, masamba atatu okula azikhala. Ikani zigawo zowazidwa ndi makala osweka. Zomera zobzalidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Mutha kufalitsa mbewu za neomarika, koma njirayi imawonedwa ngati yovuta kwambiri komanso yosagwira ntchito. Mbewu zimakhalabe zotheka kwa miyezi yochepa chabe. Amabzalidwe mumbale zosaya ndi nthaka yachonde komanso yopanda chonde. Mphukira zimawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri, koma zosaposa theka la mbewu zimamera. Posachedwa, mbande zitha kuziika m'miphika ingapo.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kusamalira chipinda neomarika sikovuta. Chomera chimapanga chitsamba chobiriwira bwino, koma maluwa siophweka. Kupanga maluwa, kuyatsa kowoneka bwino komanso kwotalikirapo ndikofunikira, komanso mpweya wabwino panthawi yopuma. Dzuwa lolunjika limaphatikizidwa muzomera. Mutha kuyika miphika kum'mawa ndi kumwera kwa windows windows, koma perekani shading.
Kutentha kwa nyengo yotentha kuyenera kukhala + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Mutha kupita ndi neomarik kukhonde kapena poyala, koma muyenera kusankha malo opanda mphepo. Kuzizira kwausiku ndikosafunanso. M'nyengo yozizira, neomarik amafunika kupereka nthawi yopuma ndikuisamutsa kuchipinda ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa + 8 ... + 10 ° C. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, amafunika kuyatsa kowala. Ngati izi sizokwanira komanso masamba asakuwala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali.
Neomariki amagwiritsa ntchito osaya, miphika yokulira. Zosanjikiza ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso lachonde, lopanda ndale kapena acidic pang'ono. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi pazinthu zotsatirazi:
- dziko la turf (magawo awiri);
- peat (gawo 1);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi).
Kuyika kwa mbewu za anthu akuluakulu kumachitika pakatha zaka zitatu zilizonse. Mizu iyenera kumasulidwa mosamala ku zouma zadothi zambiri.
Neomarika amathiridwa madzi ambiri, nthaka yokha ndi yomwe ingaphwa. Mukazizira, voliyumu ndi pafupipafupi madzi okwanira amachepetsa. Chomera sichikonda madzi amchere, chifukwa chake madzi othirira amayenera kutetezedwa ndikufewetsedwa ndi mandimu.
Kutentha kwadzuwa, ndikofunikira kupopera masamba kuchokera ku botolo lothira ndikuwaseseratu kufumbi. Kangapo pachaka, tchire limatha kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi osamba ofunda. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikosayenera kuyika miphika pafupi ndi ma radiator, apo ayi mawuma owuma amatha kuwoneka pamasamba.
Mu kasupe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, feteleza wophatikizira am'madzi amawonjezeredwa kumadzi othirira mwezi uliwonse. Mu chilengedwe, ma neomarika amakula bwino pamadothi osavomerezeka, ndikofunikira kuti asachulukane ndi kuvala pamwamba.
Kudulira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, kuchotsa masamba owuma ndi ma peduncle. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudula ana kuti mbewuyo ikhale yokongola ndikupanga masamba atsopano.
Zovuta ndi matenda
Neomarica amalimbana ndi matenda, koma ndikasunthira madzi pansi, zowola zimayamba. Kutentha kochepa pamenepa kumangokulitsa zinthu. Poyamba chizindikiro cha matenda, chitsamba chimakumbidwa ndikumasulidwa pansi, mizu yowonongeka imadulidwa mwankhanza. Mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi mankhwala antifungal ndikuwoka mu gawo lapansi latsopano.
Nthawi zina amadyedwa onenepa amakumana ndi kangaude. Pamagawo kakang'ono kwambiri pamawonekera masamba, ndipo kambewu wonenepa kwambiri amasonkhana m'mphepete mwa tsamba. Komanso, tizilombo tomwepa ndi tating'ono kwambiri mwakuti sitingathe kuzindikira. Sikoyenera kuchedwetsa mankhwalawo, chomera chimafa mwachangu. Monga thandizo loyamba, masamba amasambitsidwa osamba ndikuwathandizira ndi sopo yankho. M'masiku akubwerawa, muyenera kupopera mbewuzo ndi chomera.
