Solyanum ndi mbewu yokongola yokongola. Sichikoka kwambiri ndi maluwa ngati zipatso zowala zomwe zimasungidwa pachitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali. Maluwa solyanum ndi a banja la Solanaceae, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti tuightshade. Kwawo kwa mbewuyo ndi malo otentha ku Brazil ndi zilumba za Madeira. Ndi chitsamba chowotchera zipatso zamafuta ndipo mumphika mumakhala mphukira wobiriwira wokutidwa ndi mipira ya lalanje.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Solanum solanum ndi nthambi yobiriwira yomwe imakhala ngati chitsamba yobiriwira kapena mtengo yaying'ono. Chimbudzi chake chimamera. Koma imapezeka kwambiri pamwamba. Kutalika kwazomera kumayambira masentimita 45-120. Zomera zokhazikika, zophukika kwambiri zimapanga korona wakuda kwambiri, wosafikirika. Nthambi zathamangitsidwa mwachangu ndi yokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba a bulauni.
Masamba Oval amapezekanso pa mphukira. Ali ndi malo owoneka bwino komanso m'mbali mwa mphepo. Mapangidwe a mitsempha amawonekera bwino pa tsamba lobiriwira lakuda. Kutalika kwa pepala sikupitirira 5-10 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 2-5 cm.
Maluwa amachitika nthawi yotentha. M'malekezero a mphukira za apical ndi ofananira nawo, mantha otambalala kapena maambulela inflorescence. Masamba a mawonekedwe a mabelu ang'onoang'ono oyera, lavenda kapena maluwa apinki amatulutsa fungo labwino. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi nyumba yake yoyambira. Pakatikati pa duwa ndi 1-3 cm.
Pambuyo pake, zipatso zozungulira zimacha m'malo mwa maluwa. Pali mbewu zazing'ono zambiri zoyera mu zamkati zomwe zimaphika. Khungu la mwana wosabadwa limakhala lotanuka. Imatha kukhala yofiira, yakuda, lalanje kapena yachikasu. Zipatso zimangokhala pachitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuwonjezera kukongoletsa kwake. Amatha kutalika masentimita 5, ngakhale nthawi zambiri amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Maluwa solanyum ndi owopsa. Palibe chifukwa choti muyenera kudya zipatso. Amakhala ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyambitsa poizoni wazakudya.
Mitundu ya Solyanum
Mitundu ya Solyanum ndiyambiri, mitundu yopitilira 1000 imalembetsedwa mmenemo. Mitundu yokongoletsa kwambiri imakula ngati mbewu zamkati.
Solyanum pseudocapsicum kapena zonama zabodza. Chomera chomwe chili ngati mtunda wamtali (mpaka masentimita 120), chitsamba chophukacho chimasunga korona chaka chonse. Mitengo yowala yobiriwira yopanda mtengo imakhala yophukira. Kutalika (mpaka 10 cm), masamba opendekera okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy amaphatikizika ndi tsinde pang'onopang'ono. Maluwa amodzi pamtanda woonda masamba a masamba. Dongosolo la nyenyezi zoyera ndi masentimita 1. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, chitsambacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi zipatso za lalanje zozungulira ndi mainchesi 1.5 cm.
Solanum capicum kapena tsabola. Mawonedwe ake ndi ochulukirapo kukula. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi kufupika kwapafupi, ndipo mphukira zachikulire zimakutidwa ndi makungwa amdima akuda. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira amtundu sapitirira masentimita 8. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya solanum capicum machogatum yokhala ndi mikwingiridwe yoyera pa masamba.
Wendland Solianum. Mtengowo ndi wautali (mpaka 5 m), mipesa yokwawa. Pa petioles ndi zimayambira pali zingwe zazing'ono zomwe zimathandiza chomera kukwera kuchirikiza. Kutalika kwa masamba kumatha kufika masentimita 22. Pa chomera chimodzi, pamakhala masamba amtundu umodzi komanso masamba owoneka bwino. Panicle inflorescence imakhala ndi maluwa oyera okhala ndi nyenyezi pafupi ndi 5 masentimita 5. Pambuyo pake, zipatso za lalanje zozungulira zimacha paminde, kukula kwake ndi 1.5-5 cm.
Solyanum nigrum (wakuda) - shrub ya pachaka mpaka mamita 1.2. Masamba ozungulira kapena ovoid amakhala ndi m'mphepete mwachindunji. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono obiriwira omwe amakhala obiriwira amaphatikiza ma ambulera inflorescence. Pambuyo pake, zipatso zamtundu wakuda ndi mainchesi 8 mm zimapangidwa panthambi. Solyanyum nigrum imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu homeopathy.
Dulcamara solyanum (pang'ono) imayimira chitsamba chazinyama chofika mpaka mamita 4. Mapulogalamu amtundu wa pubescent amapindika pang'onopang'ono ndikuwululidwa. Masamba ovundikira amapezeka pazambiri zambiri. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira komanso wowala. Malangizo a masamba amaloledwa, ndipo m'mbali mwake amaphimbidwa ndi mano ozungulira. Macheka obowola amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera yaying'ono yomwe imayenda pang'ono. Ziphuphu zojambulidwa utoto wofiirira kapena wabuluu. Zipatso zofiirira kapena zowzungulira m'mimba mwake zimafikira 3 cm.
Solianum muricatum (melon peel) - chitsamba chobiriwira chokhazikika mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 m. Chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi chowotcha, masamba owala pang'ono owala. Nthawi yamaluwa, imakutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera. Zipatso zooneka ngati peyala zimakhala zachikaso zachikasu. Kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi kumafika 20 cm, ndipo kulemera - 400 g.
Kuswana
Solyanum yoyesedwa pofesa mbewu kapena mizu yodula mizu. Ndondomeko imatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, koma mbewu za Machi zimamera mwachangu kwambiri. Pakubzala konzani bokosi ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mbewu zimagawananso chimodzimodzi zitsime pakuya kwa 1-1.5 masentimita. Chidebe chimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Solyanum imamera mkati mwa masiku 10-14. Masamba enieni 3-4 akapangidwa pa mbande, amazimbira mumiphika yosiyana. Kuti apange chitsamba chophuka, zitsamba zimayenera kupukutidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Pochita kudula mizu, mphukira yokhazikika, yolumikizidwa ndi masamba 4-5 masentimita 8-12 Imadulidwa mizu kapena dothi lonyowa. Mbande imakutidwa ndi chipewa kuti chisavunde. Njirayi imatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Pazaka 1 mwezi umodzi amathanso kuziika m'miphika yosiyana.
Thirani
Solyanum imasinthidwa chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kuphatikiza njirayi ndi kudulira. Asanaikulidwe, dothi limaphwa pang'ono. Chotupa chimachotsedwa mumphika ndipo dothi lakale lambiri limachotsedwa. Pakubzala, gwiritsani ntchito dothi losakaniza:
- peat;
- pepala;
- turf;
- mchenga.
Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono komanso kuwala. Dengu lamadzi liyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mphika.
Kukula Zinthu
Kusamalira solanyum kunyumba sikutanthauza kuchita zambiri. Chomera chimakonda kuwala kowala ndipo chimafunikira kuwala kwa tsiku lalitali. Mthunzi kuchokera kumaso amdzu mwachindunji umangofunika mu kutentha kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kuyika chitsamba pakhonde kapena m'munda. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo ofunda, abata.
Dongosolo lotentha kwambiri la nouttshade ndi + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Pamalo otentha, masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso ndikuuma. Zomera sizifunikira nthawi yopumira.
Kuthirira hodgepodge ndikofunikira nthawi zambiri. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, koma kusayenda kwamadzi sikovomerezeka. Komanso, kuti zikule bwino, mphukira imayenera kumakazidwa ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwabwinobwino, izi zimathandizira kuteteza timapepala tizirombo.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Ogasiti, feteleza wophatikizira wa maluwa ogwiritsiridwa ntchito mlungu uliwonse pamtunda.
Kuti mupereke mawonekedwe okongola, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chitsamba. Zimayambira zomwe ndizitali kwambiri zimadulidwa pakati. Nthambi zotsogola zikayamba kukulira mbali yotsalayo, zimadina.
Solyanum imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda obzala, koma imagwidwa ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri pamasamba mungapeze nsabwe za m'masamba, zovala zoyera kapena ma akanga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mankhwala oletsa kupha tizirombo tisanayambe maluwa.
