Pepper ndi mbewu yobiriwira yomwe imakula nthawi zambiri m'mabotchi, m'nyumba zobiriwira, kapena panyumba.
Mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono, choncho mbande zakula kale zidabzalidwa pansi.
Zokolola zam'tsogolo zimadalira mtundu wake komanso momwe angabzalitsire tsabola kuti apange mbande, ayenera kupatsidwa nthawi yapadera, dothi, kuthirira ndi zina zofunikira.
Nkhani ya lero ikubzala tsabola kwa mbande: nthawi yobzala, kubzala tsabola kwa mbande mu nyumba, nsonga zoyamba wamaluwa.
Mbeu ya tsabola: Kodi kudzala liti?
Tsabola Amakhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimatenga nthawi yaitali kumera. Kuchokera kubzala mbeu kubzala zomera zing'onozing'ono pansi kapena kutentha kumafunika masiku 90 mpaka 100. Mbeu zoyamba kucha zimakula kukula kwa miyezi itatu, zikhoza kubzalidwa pamene dothi likuphulika mpaka madigiri 16-18.
Podziwa nthawi yobwera pansi, mungathe kuwerengera molondola nthawi ya kubzala tsabola kuti mbande. Ku Central Russia, kubzala mbewu kuli bwino mu February kapena kumayambiriro kwa March. M'madera otentha, mbewu zimabzalidwa kuyambira mu January, ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa April.
Kumadera ozizira nyengo, mbewu zimabzalidwa pakati kapena kumapeto kwa March.. Zomera zofesedwa zakale zimamera bwino mu kutenthedwa kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kuti zipatso zonse ziyambe kuphuka. Pofuna kubzala ndikupita ku nyumba yotentha yotentha, tsabola amafesedwa kawiri pa chaka, mu January-February ndi kumapeto kwa September.
Ambiri olima masamba onetsetsani tsiku la kumtunda kwa kalendala ya mwezi. Nthaŵi yabwino yofesa tsabola ndi pamene mwezi uli pachigawo choyamba motsogoleredwa ndi Libra, Scorpio, Aries kapena Sagittarius. Malinga ndi chaka, masiku adasinthidwa, mukhoza kuona masiku ano pakalendala yapadera. Zimasonyeza masiku abwino kwambiri, komanso masiku omwe landing ayenera kupeŵa.
Zokwanira Nthawi zochotsedwa zimasonyezanso pa mapaketi a mbewu.. Mitengo yoyamba yakucha ndi nyengo yochepa yofesa idzafesedwa kumapeto kwa February; mitundu yochedwa yakucha yofesedwa mwamsanga. Mbande zofesedwa mu Januwale ziyenera kuunikiridwa, chifukwa tsiku lowala panthawiyi ndi lalifupi kwambiri kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi.
Kudzala tsabola mbeu za mbande
Musanafese mbewu za tsabola ku mbande muyenera Sungani mbewu zonse. Mukhoza kuwunika polowera mu njira ya saline 3%. Pakuti kufesa mbewu ndizoyenera, zinamira pansi. Musanadzalemo, ndibwino kuti muzitsitsimutsa mu kukula kwa stimulator kapena mwatsopano muzimwaza madzi aloe kwa maola 10-12.
Zomwezo chithandizo chimakula bwino kumera. Alimi ena amachiza mbewu, amawaika mwachidule m'ma manganese kapena 3% a hydrogen peroxide.
Mbeu zouma zimamera patapita masabata awiri mutabzala, ndi zomwe zakololedwa kale - masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Kwa kutupa, mbewuzo zikulongedwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndipo zimachoka kwa masiku angapo..
Kubzala kudzakonzekera nthaka kuchokera kusakaniza kwa munda kapena mtunda wa nthaka ndi wakale humus. Ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi peat kapena malonda a nthaka. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, superphosphate kapena phulusa limatulutsidwa m'nthaka. Nthaka imasakanizidwa bwino, iyenera kukhala yofanana, yowala ndi yochepa..
Kwa kubzala zofunikira zoyenera ndi mabowo pansi ndi poto.
Mukhoza kubzala mbeu mu mapepala a pulasitiki, atakulungidwa ngati makapu, mapepala kapena mapulasitiki, peat kapu kapena mapiritsi. Mukamabzala mbewu m'magawo osiyana, mukhoza kuthetsa chotsatira.
Yakhazikika zitsulo siziyenera kukhala zazikulu kwambiri.
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola pa mbande molondola?
Kawirikawiri, mbewu za tsabola zimabzalidwa m'zida zamapulasitiki zabwino. Zili mwamphamvu zodzazidwa ndi nthaka m'njira yoti pakhale masentimita 2 kumbali zonse. Podzazidwa izi sipadzakhalanso leaching ya nthaka pothirira madzi. Dothi liyenera kuyendetsa ndi kukhetsa madzi a potaziyamu permanganate chifukwa cha disinfection.
Kodi kubzala tsabola pa mbande? Pambuyo pa maola khumi ndi awiri, nthaka imakhala pamwamba pa 1 cm masentimita. Mbewu imafesedwa patali pamtunda wa masentimita awiri, pakati pa grooves ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 5. Mbewu zofesedwa ndi nthaka, zimakhala zochepa komanso zimaphatikizidwa ndi madzi otentha.
Kufesa tsabola kuti mbande zikhoza kuchitidwa mu chidebe chachikulu kapena m'magawo osiyana: makapu, atakulungidwa zidutswa zakuda filimu. Kulowa m'sitima yaumwini kumathetsa kusankhidwa kumeneku. Ndikofunika kusankha mbewu zabwino kwambiri.kupewa kupepa.
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola pa mbande m'magawo osiyana? Mukabzala mu makapu, nthaka imayambitsidwa ndi madzi otentha, dzenje limapangidwira mkati mwake lomwe liri 1-1.5 masentimita lakuya. Mbeuyi imayikidwa mosamala ndi yakuda ndi nthaka. Makapu amayenera mwamphamvu pa khola.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mbande za tsabola mu mapiritsi a peat? Asanafese, mapiritsi okhala ndi masentimita atatu a masentimita amaikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu ndikudzaza ndi madzi ofunda. Pambuyo maola ochepa, peat idzaphuka ndi kuwonjezeka kukula, mapiritsi adzasanduka mazati abwino. Kutuluka kwa madzi okwanira kuda.
Kumtunda kwa nsanamirazo muli mabowo ang'onoang'ono omwe amafunika kuwonjezeka ndi kuikidwa mu mbewu za proklynuvshiesya. Zitsime zimadzaza ndi nthaka yophwanyika ndi kuphwanyika pang'ono. Kuthirira mbewu zobzala sikofunikira. Mazati a peat amaikidwa mu chidebe cha pulasitiki. Muyenera kuziika mwamphamvu kuti muteteze rollover. Kuchokera pamwamba pa tray ili ndi chivundikiro kapena filimu.
Momwe mungabzalitsire tsabola kwa mbande, chithunzi:
Kutentha ndi kuthirira
Mwamsanga mutatha kufesa Zida kapena miphika zimayikidwa pamalo otentha. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kumera ndi madigiri 27-28. Alimi ena amatha kutenthetsa nthaka asanayambe kubzala, ndikuyiyika pafupi ndi batire. Kuchepetsa kutentha kumachepetsa kumera ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa imfa ya mbewu.
Iyo ikamera pamtunda pamwamba pake, mbande imayikidwa pamalo owala kwambiri. Chabwino, ngati pamwamba pa landings adzakhala nyali yosungira kuti uwunikire kwina. Tsiku langwiro la tsabola limatenga maola 12. Usiku, kukwera kwake kumatha kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yotchinga.
Pambuyo kumera, firiji imataya madigiri 20-25. Kuthirira mbande za tsabola zimafunikira nthawi imodzi m'masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodziChoyamba, kuchokera ku mfuti yamatsenga, ndiyeno kuchokera madzi okwanira. Chidebe chokhala ndi mbande nthawi zonse chimasinthika kuti mbande zikule mofanana. Pambuyo pa ma tsamba awiri oyambirira, zomera zimakonzekera.
Patapita nthawi mbande idabzala bwino, musadwale ndipo simufunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Poyang'ana mwakuya ndikusungunuka kutentha kwa chipinda, simungathe kudandaula za achinyamata.
Ndikofunika kuti musasunge nyumbayo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti mukhale ndi malo osungirako zisanayambe nyengo isanayambike, pokhapokha fruiting ikuchedwa.
Choncho, talingalira momwe tingabzalitsire mbande za tsabola kunyumba, tizichita moyenera komanso moyenera, malamulo ofesedwa, nthawi komanso nthawi yobzala mbewu, kusamalira mutabzala.
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina pa mbande za tsabola:
- Kulima bwino mbewu ndi kuti zizitsitsimule musanadzalemo?
- Kodi mungapange bwanji nandolo zakuda, tsabola, zowawa kapena zokoma panyumba?
- Kodi akulimbikitsana bwanji ndi momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito?
- Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe masambawo amapotoka pa mphukira, mbande zimagwera kapena kutambasula, komanso chifukwa chake zimatha kufa?
- Migwirizano yobzala m'madera a Russia makamaka makamaka kulima ku Urals, Siberia ndi Moscow dera.
- Phunzirani yisiti yopangira feteleza maphikidwe.
