Mtundu uwu sungasokonezedwe ndi chirichonse - muyenera kuyang'ana mofulumira masamba ake ndi mitsempha yovunda, yofanana ndi firimu lotseguka kapena mchira wa nsomba.
Ndiwo dzina la anthu Kariotu - "Nsomba".
Mitundu
Mwachilengedwe, iwo ali oposa khumi ndi awiri, pakati pawo pali chimphona cha mamita 10, ndi mitengo yodzichepetsa, ngakhale zitsamba, koma pa wamaluwa Mitundu itatu imadziwika makamaka.
Wofewa (Wofatsa)
Ndi iye - Caryota mitis nthawi zambiri wamkulu mnyumba, kuyamikira kukongoletsera. M'mapiri otentha otentha, cariotes imatha kufika mamita asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri mmwamba, koma mu chipinda chokhutira, kukula kwake kuli kosavuta.
Chidziwitso cha mtundu umenewu ndi chowongolera. Thunthu lililonse limamasula kamodzi kokha ndipo limapatsa chipatso, kenaka limamwalira, koma limatengedwa ndi mphukira yatsopano, kotero kuti mtengo wa kanjedza umakhala nthawi yaitali.
Ndipo apa pali vidiyo yokhudza achinyamata a Caryota mitis.
Kupsa (Vinyo Palm, Kitul-Palma)
Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha zipatso zazing'ono zofiira zomwe zili ndi zinthu zotentha. Komabe, panyumba - zipatso ndizosowa kwambiri, ndipo Caryota urens anagwedezeka chifukwa cha kukongola kwa mtengowo.
Mtedza wa vinyo umatchedwa cariot iyi chifukwa mankhwala ake amapatsa shuga wamtengo wapatali, umene vinyo amachokera ndi mphamvu. Ndipo kuchokera ku petioles za masamba ake, zimakhala zolimba kwambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito - "kitul", ndi nkhono zakutchire zingathe kumangidwa ndi izo!
Rumpha (Fishtail)
Odziwika bwino pakati pa amalima a maluwa Caryota rumphiana. Monga yotentha, rumfa ndi chomera chokongoletsedwa chimodzi chokhala ndi "tsitsi" lobiriwira, ngakhale kuti m'chilengedwe pali zimphona ngatizitali ngati nyumba ya nthano zisanu.
Nsomba "Palm": Chithunzi cha chomeracho.
Kusamalira kwanu
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Musagule mtengo wamtengo wapatali wotentha m'nyengo yozizira - galimoto muzizira ikhoza kuipasula. Ndibwino kuyembekezera kasupe - osati chifukwa cha kutentha, komanso chifukwa choti posachedwapa mtengo wogula udzafunika kuikidwa. Ndipo nthawi yabwino yopatsirana, imene karyote imasamutsidwa ndi zovuta ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe.
Mukamabzala mumphika watsopano musamamwe mkanjo kwa masiku atatu, m'malo mwa kuthirira madzi.
Kuunikira
Mwana wazitentha - cariot amakonda kuwala. Njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iye ndi kuwala kodabwitsa. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kuwala kwa dzuwa kumamuthandiza. Koma kuyambira April mpaka September, mtengo wa kanjedza suyenera kutayidwa dzuwa litatsegula masana - muyenera kuliphimba mumthunzi wache. Kuti korona wa cariota ikhale yofanana ndi yayitali, muyenera kuzungulira mphika 180 digiri pa mwezi.
Kutentha
Cariota ikukula bwino kuyambira 18 mpaka 28 ° C, koma kumbukirani, kutenthetsa, ndikofunika kupopera mbewu. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala koyenera, osati pansi pa +18. Zoona, chomera chachikulu chingakhoze kulekerera, popanda tsankho masamba, ngakhale kuzizira mpaka 0 ° C, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Kunyumba, mpweya wa cariota umakhala wouma, ndipo kutentha kwa chilimwe akufunikira kupopera mbewu. Komabe, simukuyenera kuchita izi ngati tsikulo litakhala lofewa komanso lozizira.
M'nyengo yozizira, makamaka ngati mtengo wa kanjedza ukukula pafupi ndi batiri, umayenera kupopedwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mpweya wouma ndi zojambula zimakhala zovulaza. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa muyenera kutenga madzi osungira kutentha.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira mtengo wa mgwalangwa m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kukhala wochulukirapo komanso wochulukirapo kuposa masiku a chisanu. Komabe zilowerere m'madzi a cariot sayenera - Zomwe zinayambira mu poto ziyenera kuyamwa nthawi yomweyo.
Karyote kulekerera kusowa kwa madzikuposa kupitirira kwake. Pakati pa kuthirira pansi mu mphika ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi youma pang'ono.
Madzi ovuta a kanjedza iyi ndi owononga. Kwa ulimi wothirira, mukhoza kutenga madzi otentha otstoyannuyu.
Ngati mutenga madzi a matepi, lolani ilo likhale kwa tsikukotero kuti klorini imatha - cariot yake imakondanso kwambiri.
Feteleza
Mu nthawi ya kukula (May - September) Cariot ikhoza kudyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi, ndi yabwino kwa feteleza yamtundu wamba. Koma kumbukirani, ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pansi pa 18 ° C - mizu ya kanjedza sichikumba zovala zapamwamba, dikirani tsiku lotentha.
Maluwa
Dikirani maluwa a cariot kunyumba osakayika kuti apambane. Koma zimakhalanso bwino, monga mtengo wa kanjedza ukuphuka - kamodzi mu moyo ndipo, pobala chipatso, umatayika. Ngakhale kuti maluwa ake ndi okongola - kuchokera ku zonona zokhala zofiira, kuchokera kumtunda wambiri wotsalira, wofanana ndi mchira wa kavalo.
Sizowopsya pachimake pokhapokha pali mitundu yambiri ya cariol yosavuta, pambuyo pake, osati mbewu yonse idzatha, koma mphukira yokhayokha.
Kuwaza
Kwa cariota iyi njirayi ndi yopwetekaChoncho, m'pofunikira kuyendamo kokha ngati mizu yayamba kale ndodo kuchokera mu mphika. Komano muyenera kuyembekezera kasupe. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti mosamala, mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza ukukula mofulumira, ndipo ngati simusowa mtengo wa mamita awiri, musamafulumizitse kubzala. Kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu - zokwanira. Nthaŵi yonse imene mungapeze mwachidutswa chokwera pamwamba.
Ngati chosowa chikukula, m'pofunikira kuti musamalire cariot popanda kuwononga clod - mwa kusinthika. Ngati mizu yayamba kwambiri, mutha kuchotsa zina mwazo "kumva" ndi mpeni. Osakumba mtengo wamtengo wa kanjedza mumphika - imbani mofanana mofanana ndi kale, ndikuyang'ana mphete yadothi pa thunthu.
Nthaka ya mgwalangwa ndi bwino kuti asatengere mbali kapena yowonjezera pang'ono, Mu cariot ya nthaka ya alkalini silingathe kuzindikira zambiri zomwe zimachitika. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza popanga mitengo ya kanjedza kuchokera ku sitolo. Ngati mukukonzekera dothi lanu, kumbukirani kuti nthaka iyenera kuchotsa mofulumira chinyezi ndikusunga malo ake othawikitsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zomwe zili bwino ndi izi: Tengani humus-pepala ndi nthaka yadongo mu magawo ofanana ndi kuwonjezera pa peat, mchenga ndi manyowa ovunda.
Kudulira cariota
Zowoneka kuti masamba owuma akhoza kuchotsedwa ku cariota, ndipo omwe asanduka wobiriwira achikasu mpaka bulauni amasiyidwa. Palm imatenga zakudya kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kupanga korona ndi kuchotsa masamba pamene kudulira, muyenera kukumbukirakuti n'zosatheka kuchotsa ku zomera kusiyana ndi zomwe zakula mu chaka. Ngati pali masamba ochuluka kwambiri pa cariot kuposa momwe zatsopano zatulukira, kanjedza ndizosafunikira.
Kukula
Mbewu za Cariota ziyenera kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kugulira iwo pasanafike sikoyenera, iwo amasiya mwamsanga kumera. Pakuti mbewu ili ndi mphika wokwanira kukula kwa galasi.
Musanafese, mbewu yochepa imamera, osakhudza kwambiri, ndipo imitsani mbeu m'madzi ofunda (23-25 ° C) kwa masiku awiri. Madzi amasintha tsiku lililonse.
Ndiye mbewu zimabzalidwa kuti akuya 2-3 masentimita mu lonyowa ofunda pansi, amene ndiye yokutidwa ndi polyethylene. Miphika imaika mthunzi wamba. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, pogona akhoza kuchotsedwa.
Kubzala masamba
Karioteti yofewa - mtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhawokha nsomba wa mitundu yonse, ikhoza kufalitsidwa vegetatively, chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ambiri. Nthanga yaying'ono, yosachepera 10 cm yaitali, iyenera kugawidwa kotero kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mizu.
Dulani chomeracho, gwirani pansi kuchokera ku mizu ndikutsuka zitsamba za madzi ndi madzi. Kenaka dulani ndi mpeni malo a khola la mizu kumene mapesi akuphatikizidwa. Magawo ndondomeko mkuwa wopanda fungicide. Kugawanitsa mapesi a cariot ayenera kubzalidwa mofulumira mofanana mofanana ndi kale ndi kuthirira mbewu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Cariothora sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, koma nthawi zina imakhudzidwa ndi masamba a Gelmintosporioznoe omwe amachititsa masamba.
Zizindikiro zakunja: Mdima wandiweyani amaonekera pamasamba, kawirikawiri amazunguliridwa ndi malire a chikasu. Ngati matendawa akukula mofulumira, zilonda zimaphatikizapo kupanga ziphuphu zakufa.
Chochita: Musapopere mankhwalawa pamadzi ndi nyengo yozizira (23-30 ° C) imayambitsa kumera kwa bowa ndi matenda enaake. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuvulaza, perekani mgwalangwa ngati kuwala komwe kungathere.
Tizilombo zowonongeka - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, mealybug, whitefly.
Kukula zovuta
- Zizindikiro zakunja: cariot siimakula kapena imakula bwino. Masamba, makamaka m'munsimu, amatembenukira msanga (chlorosis).
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Masamba aang'ono amatembenukira chikasu kuti mitsempha yobiriwira ioneke.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: m'mphepete mwa masamba owuma pamtsinje (chomwe chimatchedwa "m'dera lotentha").
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Masamba apansi a kanjedza amatembenukira chikasu kuchokera m'mphepete mpaka pakati, koma mitsempha imakhalabe yobiriwira (chlorosis). Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Pa masamba a nthenga a cariota amaoneka ngati mawanga, ndi ofanana ndi kuphulika kumeneku chifukwa cha matenda a fungal.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: masamba apansi a mtengo wa kanjedza amapangidwa bulauni pa nsonga, ndikugwa.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Masamba a Cariota ali ndi mabala a bulauni.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: M'chilimwe, mabala a chikasu ndi ofiira amapezeka pamasamba.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: masamba otumbululuka, mawanga, mapeto awo ngati mapiritsi.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Korona ya kanjedza imatha, kuwala kobiriwira. Cariot amasiya kukula.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Masamba akale a kanjedza amawoneka achikasu mpaka amkuwa. Pamapeto a minofu yowoneka bwino ya necrosis. Masamba ayamba kuuma, pamene akukhala lalanje.
- Zizindikiro zakunja: Masamba achichepere amatha kuoneka ngati aang'ono, ofooka, otumbululuka, ndi mitsempha yosaoneka.
Chifukwa: Manja a kanjedza kuwala ndi / kapena kutentha. Kukula kumaima ngati kutentha kuli pansipa + 18 ° C.
Chochita: Sinthani "Fishtail" pamalo otentha ndi owala.
Chifukwa: kanjedza imasowa chitsulo ndi manganese chifukwa chokhalitsa nthaka.
Chochita: onjezerani kuti acidity isakhale yachibadwa (pH 5.6 - 7.5). M'mawa kapena madzulo, yambani mavalidwe a foliar - sungani masamba osati pamwamba, komanso kuchokera kumunsi ndi feteleza zamadzi kwa mitengo ya kanjedza.
Chifukwa: zosayenera kwa karyoty dothi, zowonongeka - zimakhala ndi chinyezi, sizilola mpweya kudutsa.
Chochita: kuchepetsa kuthirira, kusintha kwathunthu kapena pang'ono nthaka.
Chifukwa: kusowa kwa magnesium. Mwina chifukwa cha kuzizira (pansi pa 18 ° C), mtengo wa mgwalangwa sungakhoze kutenga zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka.
Chochita: kudyetsa cariothos ndi magnesium sulphate m'njira ziwiri: spray masamba ndi kubweretsa pansi pazu.
Chifukwa: poizoni wamkuwa.
Chochita: Musawononge fungicides zamkuwa kuti mupopere. Mu feteleza nthawi zonse ya mitengo ya kanjedza, ngati simudutsa mlingo, mkuwa pang'ono ndipo sangathe kuvulaza.
Chifukwa: mchere wochuluka m'nthaka chifukwa cholemera feteleza.
Chochita: Chotsani mchere wambiri pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito madzi abwino. Mukhoza kusintha pang'ono dothi losanjikiza. Osachepera, kuika mtengo wa kanjedza.
Chifukwa: boron owonjezera m'madzi.
Chochita: Tengani madzi oyeretsera ulimi wothirira. Dothi, kuthira madzi ambiri momveka bwino, ndi madzi abwino ndipo nthawi yomweyo amataya madzi onse otuluka mumphika.
Chifukwa: kuwala kochepa kwambiri.
Chochita: kusuntha cariot pamalo owala.
Chifukwa: dzuwa lolowera masana m'chilimwe.
Chochita: sungani chikwangwani kumene dzuwa silidzawotche.
Chifukwa: osati nayitrogeni wokwanira.
Chochita: Dyetsani ndi feteleza ya kanjedza, kapena ponseponse, monga "Rainbow", "Ideal".
Chifukwa: kusowa kwa potaziyamu.
Chochita: Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza omwe ali ndi mchere wa potaziyamu. Mungathe kutsanulira nthaka yapadera "Mfumukazi ya Maluwa a Mitengo ya Mitengo ya Mitengo," mmenemo chilichonse chomwe chomera chikufunikira.
Chifukwa: Chomeracho chimasowa manganese, kawirikawiri chimakhala chokongoletsera dothi - manganese sichitha mu mchere wamchere, kapena kutsika kwa nthaka.
Chochita: Mukhoza kuwonjezera pa mphika wapamwamba-moor peat, singano kapena utuchi wa mitengo ya coniferous, alder - izi zidzapangitsa dothi kukhala lowawa kwambiri ndipo manganese imayamwa ndi zomera. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti singano ndi utuchi amakoka nayitrojeni m'nthaka, choncho, m'pofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo tipeze nitrogenous feteleza.
Zokongoletsera Cariot palm ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zisamalire, korona wake wobiriwira wobiriwira amawoneka bwino kwambiri, ali ndi zipinda zowonongeka.
