Hippeastrum

Hippeastrum ndimaluwa ochulukitsa maluwa ochokera ku banja la Amaryllis. Imakopa chidwi ndi maluwa ooneka ngati maonekedwe okongola ndi masamba apamwamba. Kutalika kwa chomera kumakhala mpaka 0,5 m, ngakhale kutalika kwa peduncle nthawi zina kumakweza. Malo obadwira m'chiuno ndi m'chigawo chakumwera, kumpoto kwa Brazil.

M'mikhalidwe yachilengedwe, duwa limakhala lodziwika bwino m'malo otentha ndi America, ku Amazon. Ku Russia, mbewu idatengedwa kuchokera ku Europe m'zaka za XIX. Mpaka pano, imakondwera ndi chikondi chachikulu cha wamaluwa. Mitundu yambiri imalimidwa kunyumba. Babuyo imatha kumera maluwa mpaka zaka 5.

Onetsetsani kuti mwatchera khutu ku mbewu zabwino za banja la Amaryllis monga marshmallows ndi amaryllis.

Kusiyana pakati pa hippeastrum ndi amaryllis

Zomera zonse ziwiri ndizoyimira banja la Amaryllis, mbewu zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi maluwa okongola akuluakulu - gramophone ndi masamba abwinobwino. Ndiwotalika masentimita 10-15 kuposa amaryllis.

Limamasula pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri mpaka kawiri pachaka. Amaryllis wobzalidwa pansi amatha pachimake kawiri pachaka; kunyumba, imatseguka kamodzi kokha. Koma pamakhala maluwa pafupifupi 12, ndipo 6 yokha ndi komweko. Masamba omwe amakula m'munsi mwa amaryllis m'dzinja kapena masika amafera nthawi yachilimwe. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo ilibe masamba nthawi yamaluwa.

Pansi pa maluwa otupa, masamba atatu otambalala amapangidwa, ndipo tsamba 4 limagwira ngati gawo lapansi la inflorescence. Maluwa a Hippeastrum ndi okulirapo kuposa maluwa amaryllis, mitundu yawo ndiyosiyana kwambiri. Pafupifupi fungo, amaryllis amanunkhira bwino kwambiri.

Zothandiza katundu

Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa owoneka bwino, chimapereka mphamvu zabwino. Kuyang'ana maluwa okongola owala, munthu sangachitire mwina koma kumva kukongola kwamaso. Mwa anthu omwe ali pafupi ndi chomera chamaluwa, kuchuluka kolimba ndikuwonjezera ntchito zamaganizidwe. Koma kulipira chiyembekezo cha ena, mbewuyo imapereka mphamvu zake mwachangu, ndiye kuti mbewuyo nthawi zina imafunika kupumula.

Mawonekedwe akukula kunyumba. Mwachidule

Ngakhale chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yotentha, choopsa kunyumba chimatha kuzika mizu ngati malo abwino atapangidwira:

Chisamaliro cha m'chiuno kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Mitundu yowala kwambiri yamaluwa imapereka chisangalalo ndikukongoletsa nyumbayo. Duwa likasamalira chisamaliro, limakulanso chikhumbo ndi kuphuka kwambiri.

Maluwa

Zomera za banja la Amaryllis nthawi zonse zimamasuka. Maluwa a Hippeastrum ndi chinthu chosangalatsa komanso chokhudza mtima. Ambulera imapangidwa pamiyala yayitali yopanda masamba 6 maluwa akuluakulu - gramophone. Maluwa okhala ndi mapesi ataliitali amapakidwa utoto wosiyanasiyana: kuchokera oyera mpaka onse ofiira ofiira komanso kuphatikiza kwawo. Pali makope amtundu wina.

Mtundu uliwonse wamatalala umawoneka wofatsa komanso wopandaukali konse, ngakhale utali wamatoni. Kuperewera kwa fungo kumalipiridwa mokwanira ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a duwa. Utali wa maluwa onse ndi masiku 10 mpaka 13. Kenako chipatsocho chimapangidwa mwa kapangidwe ka tricuspid ndi njere zazing'ono.

Amaluwa kuchokera kawiri pachaka. Ndikofunikira kutumiza mbewu patchuthi mu nthawi, osalimbana ndi maluwa pafupipafupi, apo ayi babu lidzatulutsa mphamvu yake mwachangu, ndipo duwa limataya kukongoletsa kwake.

Chifukwa chiyani hippeastrum sikhala pachimake?

Nthawi zina sizikhala mogwirizana ndi zomwe eni akewo amayembekeza ndipo zimakana kutulutsa. Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za khalidweli.

1. Duwa likakhala lokwanira ndipo nthawi zambiri limathiriridwa, dongo limakhala dongo lolemera, ndipo chosanjikiza ndi chochepa, bulb rots chifukwa chinyezi zimasuluka. Chomera chodwala chilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuphuka.
2. Mmera umatenga michere m'nthaka mwachangu kwambiri. Ngati sichidzaza ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, duwa limafulumira msanga ndipo limaphuka.
3. Nthawi zina, mosasamala, tizilombo timakumana naye. Mtengowo umatsogolera magulu ankhondo kuteteza ndikubwezeretsa kwakutali pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Kodi kupanga pachimake?

Pali njira zingapo zopangira maluwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito iwo ndikwabwino kwambiri, kuti musadzaze chomera.

1. Kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, kudula masamba. Maluwa samathiriridwa mwezi umodzi, ndipo atayambiranso kuthirira, amayamba kudyetsa. Mwakutero, m'chiuno chotupa chidzaphukira bwino koyambirira kwa Seputembala.
2. Babu musanadzalemo imasungidwa m'moto wotentha (mpaka 40) kwa maola 2,5. Kenako babu wouma mlengalenga wobzalidwa ndipo patatha milungu itatu amasangalala ndi maluwa.
3. Mukasiya kuthirira pakati pa Ogasiti ndikusunthira mumphika wamaluwa m'malo owuma, umatha kutulutsa pakatha miyezi 1.5.

Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa?

Maluwa okongola a hippeastrum chaka chamawa amatengera kupumula koyenera. Mu theka loyamba la Seputembu, duwa salinso madzi.

Masamba ndi maluwa ofota zikawuma (osati kale!), Amazidula mosamala. Poto wamaluwa amawasamutsira kumalo owuma, amdima ndikusiyidwa mpaka Januware.

Njira yotentha

Kuti chomera cha m'chiuno chikhale bwino panyumba, ndikofunikira kusunga boma lolamulira kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limatha kusungidwa pa kutentha osati kutsika + 13 ° C; mulingo woyenera panthawiyi akuti ndi + 18 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewuyo imamera bwino mogwirizana ngati matenthedwe samakwera pamwamba + 25 ° C.

Kuwaza

Ngakhale kuti adazolowera kukhala ndi moyo ndipo ngakhale ukufalikira kangapo pachaka, amakhalabe mlendo wotentha, wodziwa kwambiri mpweya wowuma. Amakondwera pamene chinyezi cha mlengalenga chamkati chili chapamwamba pang'ono.

Ojambula maluwa odziwa zambiri salimbikitsa kupopera mbewu msipu, makamaka maluwa. Kwezani chinyezi mlengalenga m'njira zina: Nthawi ndi nthawi pukuta masamba ndi dothi loyera komanso lonyowa. Poto yamaluwa imayikidwa pa pallet ndi dothi lonyowa.

Kuwala

Kwa chomera chamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe kuyatsa koyenera. Malinga ndi malamulowo, duwa liyenera kuyikidwa kum'mawa kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayo, kuti lizitha kulandira kuwala kokwanira.

Ikaikidwa kum'mwera, mbewuyo imasanjidwa masiku otentha. Gawo lakumpoto la nyumbayo ndi loletsedwa ku chomeracho: silitulutsa maluwa chifukwa chosowa kuwala. Kuti apange korona wokongola wopota, chitsamba chimayenera kuzunguliridwa mozungulira kuzungulira kolowera, ndikuwunikira dzuwa mbali inayo kapena ina.

Kuthirira

Mu Januware, amayamba kubwera kunyumba kuchokera ku hibernation. Pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kuwala. Chomera sichithiriridwa madzi kuti chisawononge babu. Kutsirira kumayambiranso pansi ngati ali ndi muvi. Kawirikawiri madzi panthawiyi, kuti chinyezi sichichititsa kuti pakhale masamba ambiri pakalibe maluwa.

Ikani kuthirira m'munsi, kuthira madzi mu poto. Ngati madzi ochokera kumwamba, onetsetsani kuti madzi satuluka pa babu (izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zivunde). Pomwe peduncle ikayamba kukula, kuthirira kumakulirakulira ndikupitilira kuthiridwe madzi ambiri pomwe maluwa akupitilira. Pakutha kwa Ogasiti, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Pakati pa Seputembala, mbewuyi imapangidwanso m'chipinda chozizira, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa.

Mphika

Hippeastrum ndi mbewu yomwe ili ndi mizu yamphamvu. Duwa likapumula, akupitilizabe kuperekera babuyo ndi michere. Ndikofunikira kuti cheza chizimba momasuka mumphika ndikukhudza dothi: motere, mwayi wopeza zinthu zofunikira umatseguka. Denga lochotsa zinyalala liyenera kuyikidwanso pansi pamphika.

Chomera chimaphukira bwino bwino mumtsuko wopyapyala. Pakati pa khoma la mphika ndi babu sayenera kupitirira 25 mm. Chifukwa chake, mphika umasankhidwa wamtali komanso wopapatiza, pansi pomwe mabowo amapangira.

Dothi

Chomera chimafuna dothi lotayirira labwino lomwe silimagwira nawo mbali kapena zamchere. Mutha kugula dothi lopangidwa kale chifukwa cha mbewu za babu. Nthawi zina gawo lapansi limakonzedwa mosadalira gawo limodzi la peat, mchenga, humus ndi magawo awiri a malo osewerera.

Kupanga kusakaniza kumasuka, kumadzipaka ndi vermiculite, gawo lapansi la coconut; onjezani njerwa. Komanso, ufa wa malasha, sphagnum woponderezedwa amawonjezeredwa panthaka.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kwa chomera chamaluwa, kuvala pamwamba ndi feteleza ndikofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe chomera chikakumana ndi umuna pomwe msambo wa muvi ndi 0,15 m. Kenako kuvala pamwamba kumachitika pakatha milungu itatu iliyonse. Malizani kudyetsa masamba ake akatembenuka chikasu. Monga feteleza, zothetsera zokhala ndi phosphorous - mankhwala a potaziyamu omwe amalimbikitsa maluwa opaka bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ma feteleza a nayitrogeni angayambitse imvi, kufa kwa duwa. Z feteleza zonse zomalizidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofinyidwa theka. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika pambuyo kutsirira kwamadzulo. Kenako mbewuyo imasungunuka kwa masiku awiri.

Thirani

Patatha mwezi umodzi maluwa atatha kapena m'masiku oyamba a Januware, chonyamula timadzi ta m'chiuno chimachitika. Babu wamkulu umadulidwa pakadutsa zaka 2.5 zilizonse. Nthawi zambiri amangotsitsimula pamwamba pamtunda: babuwo amayamwa michere m'nthaka.

Poika mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti isakutse kwambiri babu: theka la kumtunda kwake liyenera kukhalabe pamwamba pa dothi. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambiranso masiku 14 mutabadwa.

Kudulira

Chomera chimawuma masamba atamasulidwa. Zikauma kwathunthu ndipo michereyo ikalowa bulb, ndizotheka kudulira masamba ndi peduncle. Kudulira sikunachitike kale.

Nthawi yopumula

Pakati pa Seputembala - theka loyamba la Januware, mbewu idayamba nthawi. Pang'onopang'ono siyani kuthirira. Chizindikiro cha kusiya kuthilira ndikuwuma masamba kwathunthu. Poto wamaluwa watembenukira mbali yake ndipo pamalowo amasungidwa m'malo otetemera, owuma. Kuvala kwapamwamba ndizoletsedwa panthawi ino. Kumayambiriro kwa Januware, chomera chopumula chimayamba kudzuka mofatsa, pang'onopang'ono chizolowere kuwala ndi chinyezi.

Kubzala kwa m'chiuno

Kubalana kunyumba kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Mbewu zatsopano zimakhala ndi kutuluka kwamera kwambiri.

Kukula kwa m'chiuno kuchokera ku mbewu

Njira yake ndi yayitali koma yosavuta. Mbewu zofesedwa pamtunda wonyowa. Phimbani ndi kanema ndikumera m'malo otentha, kuthirira ndi airing. Mphukira zikaonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa. Masamba awiri akapezeka, amawasokerera kukhala miphika yosiyana. Maluwa amabwera zaka ziwiri.

Kufalitsa kwa magazi ndi ana

Kubereka kotero ndikofunika kwambiri. Pakubzala, mbewu za babu - ana adalekanitsidwa ndi babu a mayi (malo odulidwawo amapukutidwa ndi ufa wamala) ndikuwabzala m'miphika yaying'ono, yolimba. Ngati pali ana opitilira 2,5 cm pakati pa khanda ndi khoma la mphikawo, duwa silituluka nthawi yayitali. Mutabzala kwa zaka ziwiri, masamba a m'chiuno samadulidwa.

Kufalikira kwa mbewu sikumachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa kunyumba ndizovuta kupeza popanda kupukusa kwachilengedwe.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mukasamalira chomera mosasamala, chikuwopsezedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Mavuto ngati amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chomera:

1. Anyezi ndi masamba m'chiuno mawanga ofiira (kutentha bowa wofiyira) - mamba odwala ndi owuma amachotsedwa ku babu. Dulani bwino malo ndi mizu yowonongeka. Chidacho chafesedwa ndi msanganizo wamkuwa wa sulfate ndi choko (1:20). Youma mlengalenga ndikuwobzala m'nthaka wothiridwa ndi bowa (mizu ndi gawo lakumunsi liyenera kukhala m'nthaka, ndi gawo lakumaso la babu pamwamba pake).
2. Anyezi zowola - kuchokera posungira madzi. Bulb imatsukidwa kwambiri m'malo owonongeka. Mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi msingi wa mazira ndi kuikika kukhala dothi labwino (potoyo iyeneranso kusinthidwa kapena kutsukidwa)
3. Chikwangwani choyera pamwamba - Powdery mildew kuwonongeka chifukwa chodzidzimutsa ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso mpweya wocheperako. Masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mbali za babu zimachotsedwa. Sinthani zosanjika zapamwamba za gawo lapansi. Chomera chimapoperedwa bwino ndi powdery mildew - Fundazol, Skor, Topaz (mutha kuchiviika mu beseni ndi yankho). M'tsogolomu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika duwa m'malo oyera, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni.

Nthawi zambiri, hippeastrum imakhudzidwa ndi ma cyclamen ndi ma spider nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, kupindika, ndi mealybugs. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo okhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu pafupifupi 70. Mu chikhalidwe chathu, mitundu imodzi tsopano yakula, pamaziko omwe mitundu yambiri imadulidwa.

Hippeastrum wosakanizidwa, kapena munda (Hippeastrum hybrida)

Duwa lokhala ndi babu wamkulu. Nthawi zina amatulutsa miyendo iwiri. Pa mtunda umodzi wotalika mpaka 0,7 m) 4 mpaka 6 maluwa amapangika. Dongosolo lamaluwawo limakhala lofika pamamita 0,2. Inflorescence ndi ambulera. Maluwa amachitika nthawi yozizira kapena masika. Masamba akulu a Emerald ndi otambalala, amadziwika ndi gloss.

Mitundu yotchuka ya m'chiuno

Gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana lidapangidwa polingalira za mitundu ya pamakhala.

• Choyera: 'Mont Blanc', 'White White', 'Picotee Petticoat', 'Mphatso ya Khrisimasi'.
• Pinki: 'Mazai', 'Pink Perfect', 'Apple Blossom'.
• Reds: 'Scarlet Baby', 'Mkango Wofiyira', 'Scarlatto', 'Safari', 'Cardinal'.
• Mitundu yosakanizika: 'Susan' - pinki yokhala ndi shimoni ya ngale; 'Wogulitsa Wabwino Kwambiri' - wofiira ndi Cher tint; 'Germa' - golide; `Minerva` - ofiira wokhala ndi malire oyera-oyera ndi malo obiriwira pakati.

Amapanga chikondwerero m'nyumba. Maambulera owala kwambiri a maluwa amakhazikika ndipo amagogomezera kukongola kwa mkati. Kutha kusintha maluwa ndikukulolani kukonzekereratu maluwa monga mphatso, pomwe aliyense adzakondwera.