Mafuta, monga potaziyamu ndi sodium humate, akhala akudzikongoletsa kwambiri. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma nthawi yomweyo zimakhala zogwira mtima.
Amadzichepetsa - ndi chiyani?
Ganizirani zomwe zimamveka bwino ndikufotokozera zomwe ziri. Manyowa ndi gulu lalikulu la mankhwala, amapangidwa ndi mchere wa humic acids, omwe amasungunuka mosavuta.
Mankhwala oterowo lozani:
- kusamalira nyama;
- chomera;
- mankhwala;
- kupowera;
- kumanga;
- kubwezeretsa nthaka;
- zachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Kudzichepetsa ndi zinthu zachirengedwe. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku manyowa, zamasamba zotsalira, silt, peat Tingafinye.Zinyontho zimapangidwa ngati feteleza a ballast ndi osapula. Mafuta a ballast ali ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito, kotero amatchedwa kukula stimulants; ndipo ballast imatchedwa feteleza.
Mitundu yotsatsa
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe feteleza zimakhala ndi mtundu wanji. Malinga ndi zipangizo (khalidwe lake ndi makhalidwe) omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga humates, adagawanika kukhala mitundu. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mchere - ndi sodium ndi potassium humate.
Poona kuti sodium ndi potassium humates ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, zimakhala zabwino zimakhudza:
- nthaka;
- mawonekedwe a nthaka;
- mankhwala ndi nthaka;
- nthaka zachilengedwe makhalidwe;
- nthaka yotetezera katundu.
- kukulitsa mbewu zokolola;
- kuchepetsa kupanga zojambula, ma radionuclides ndi zitsulo zolemera;
- kuonjezera mavitamini, mapuloteni ndi zakudya;
- yonjezerani kuwonetsera kwa mankhwala opangidwa.
Komanso ntchito humates mu horticulture ndi horticulture zimapereka ku:
- kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza mpaka 50%;
- kuwonjezera mphamvu ya herbicides, fungicides ndi tizilombo mpaka 30%;
- kukulitsa ubwino wa mbeu ndikusintha mtengo wogulitsa mkati mwa kupanga.
Sodium humate
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane chomwe sodium humate ndi. Mitundu imeneyi ndi kukula kokonda kukula, kuchepetsa kugwa; yonjezerani kukana zinthu zomwe zikukula nthawi yolimbitsa thupi: chozizira, zaka zamvula ndi zowuma.
Chokulirakulira ichi si cheizoni, chiribe chiwerengero chokwanira, chiri ndi immunostimulating ndi adaptogenic katundu.
Potaziyamu humate
Taganizirani zomwe potaziyamu zimatulutsa ndi mtundu wanji wa feteleza.
Pali zotsatirazi mitundu ya potassium humate:
- Peaty madzi humate
- Peat ufa kutsitsa
- Dziwani Kuti "Pitirizani"
Ammonium nitrate ndi urea (carbamide) amafunikira kwambiri kuchokera ku feteleza a nayitrogeni.
Amapangidwa ndi kutulutsa zinthu zowonjezera, monga nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina, pamene mukukonza peat. Kutchuka kwa mitundu iyi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuli kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.
Manyowa amadzimadziwa amadzipiritsika ndi madzi, amakhalanso otchuka kwambiri.
Kudzichepetsa "Wowonjezera" kumadziwika kuti ndi feteleza. Mtundu wa fetasi wa potashi umadyetsa zomera zamkati, komanso mbewu za m'munda.
Zothandiza zowonjezera maluwa ku kulima munda wamunda
Ubwino Kudzichepetsa ndi:
- Zida zamagulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga humates;
- Pogwiritsira ntchito potaziyamu humate kumawonjezera zokolola za 20 mpaka 50%;
- Zili ndi zovuta kwambiri pa zomera zonse: zimapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino, limawonjezera pamwamba pa mbeu ndi mizu;
- Kukula kwachangu ndi njira yothetsera potassium humate. Fruiting imayamba kale mu masabata 1-2, zomwe zimapangitsa kupeza zokolola zingapo pa nyengo;
- Potaziyamu humate imathandiza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chomera;
- Potaziyamu humate imathandiza kuwonjezera fruiting nthawi ndi kuonjezera zokolola;
- Dothi lapadera la microflora limathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha mbeu chikuphuke;
- Sodium humate amasunga chomera kuchokera ku nthendayi yambiri ya tizilombo ndi fungal ndipo zimathandizira kusintha kwa chisanu kukana;
- Sodium humate pambuyo mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a zomera amachepetsa nkhawa;
- Mchere wa sodium umagwirizana ndi zambiri zowonjezera mavitamini, komanso mankhwala oteteza zomera.
Mbali za kugwiritsa ntchito humates
Pakapanga humate amapindula ndi zinthu zomwe zimawoneka mosavuta ndi zomera.
Amadzichepetsa cholimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito pa:
- Nthaka yamchere yomwe ilibe chitsulo;
- Nthaka ya Sandy yomwe ili ndi otsika kwambiri;
- Dothi lopanda podzolic ndi otsika kwambiri a humus;
- Saline dothi.
- Pamene akuthira mbewu;
- Pamene kuthirira mbande;
- Mukamabzala mbande;
- Mukamabzala maluwa ndi zipatso;
- Pamene kusindikizidwa kwa zomera zokongoletsera m'nyumba zimapezeka;
- Pakuphatikiza;
- Pa nyengo yokula;
- Pokonzekera wintering zomera.
Mukudziwa? Kudzichepetsa kunapangidwa ndi Pulofesa Khristova Lydia zaka zoposa 60 zapitazo. Ndipo pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwa feteleza yotchuka, chifukwa cha ubale wawo. Zimapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi: ku Australia, USA, Germany, Italy.
Manyowa amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a madzi, powders ndi mapiritsi. Madzi amadzimadzi amadzipukutira ndi madzi; ufawo umapangidwira ndi madzi pang'ono, kenaka amabweretsa voliyumu yofunikila powonjezera madzi; Mapiritsi ayenera kuyamba kuthyoledwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito monga ufa.
Kupereka mankhwala
Mankhwalawa amapezeka ndi potashi ndi sodium feteleza kuti chitukuko chitsitsike bwino komanso mbeu yofulumira kumera. Zomera pambuyo pa mankhwala zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal ndi zovuta zachilengedwe.
Pofuna kuchiza mbeu ndikofunikira kuthetsa 1/3 supuni ya supuni ya madzi m'madzi okwanira. Mbewu kapena mababu ayenera kulowetsedwa mu yankho la potassium humate ndi sodium: mbewu - kwa tsiku, ndi mababu a maola 8.
Mu njira ya sodium humate, nyemba zimadonthozedwa kwa masiku awiri, ndi cuttings kwa maola 15. Pambuyo pake, mbewu kapena mababu akhoza kubzalidwa pansi. Pogwiritsira ntchito mchere wothira madzi, m'pofunika kuchepetsa 10 ml ofunika ndi 10 malita a madzi, kuthira mbewu kumatenga maola khumi ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-15). Kuti mudziwe momwe mungathetsere potaziyamu ndi sodium humate kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zamasamba, tsatirani malangizo awa: muyenera kuchepetsa 3 g wa feteleza (ichi ndi supuni ya supuni) mu malita 10 a madzi. Kutentha kwambiri kumakhala kochepa kusiyana ndi pamene akufesa mbewu, chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji monga spray pa zomera. Njira iyi si ndalama zokha, koma imakhalanso yabwino pamagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Feteleza zomera
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi potaziyamu ndi sodium humates, njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyi: ziwiri kapena zinayi, malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuthirira mbewu kumabweretsa 0,5 malita pa mbeu, ndiye kuwonjezera mlingo ku lita imodzi.
Pali njira ina kukonzekera njira: Ndikofunika kutenga supuni 10 zapamwamba ndikuvala ndikutentha (osati kuposa 60 ° C) madzi. Ndikofunika kuti mupite kwa tsiku, nthawi zonse. Kuganizira koteroko kungasungidwe kwa mwezi umodzi. Tsopano zidzakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kuika patsogolo, kuchepetsa 100 ml pa 10 malita a madzi.
Mchere wamagetsi umagulitsidwanso. Lingalirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi kuthira manyowa ndi potaziyamu ndi sodium humate mu mawonekedwe a madzi. Yankho lirikonzedwa motere: kuchepetsa 100 ml ya kuika mu 10 malita a madzi. Ikani madzi amadzimadzi otetezedwa ayenera malinga ndi chiwembu:
- Mazira, tomato, zukini amasinthidwa kasanu ndi kamodzi. Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika pamene masamba oyambirira akuwoneka; chachiwiri - mu nthawi ya budding; lachitatu - pa maluwa; lachinayi - ndi maonekedwe a zipatso.
- Nkhaka ndi kukonzedwa 4 nthawi. Yoyamba - ndi mawonekedwe a masamba; lachiwiri, lachitatu, lachinayi - nthawi yopangidwira ndi masiku 15.
- Kabichi amasinthidwa katatu. Chithandizo choyamba ndi masiku awiri atabwera; chachiwiri - pamene mutu wa ovary; lachitatu pambuyo pa masiku khumi.
- Kaloti amasinthidwa katatu. Yoyamba ndi pamene ikubwera; chachiwiri, pamene masamba akuwonekera; lachitatu pambuyo pa masiku khumi.
- Mavwende amasinthidwa kawiri. Choyamba ndi pamene ziphuphu zimapangidwira; yachiwiri - masiku 20.
- Mbatata imakonzedwa kawiri. Yoyamba - ndi mawonekedwe a masamba; yachiwiri - mu masiku 30.
- Peach, peyala, apulo, chitumbuwa, maula, apurikoti amatha kusinthidwa ndi ma microelements maulendo 4, malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi awa: chithandizo choyamba ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri mutatha maluwa; yachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa kugwa kwa ovary; wachitatu - pakuika impso; Chachinayi ndi pamene kukula kwa chipatso kumayambira.
- Mphesa zimakonzedwa katatu. Yoyamba - mu nthawi ya budding; chachiwiri - pambuyo pa maluwa; lachitatu ndi nthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso.
Chithandizo cha dothi
Kuchotsedwanso kumapangidwira kukonzanso mapangidwe a nthaka. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mawonekedwe a ufa.
Manyowa a potashi ndi feteleza a sodium amapunthira pansi, pogwiritsa ntchito masentimita 10, 50 g of humates amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito madiresi apamwamba musanagwirizane ndi mchenga. Pambuyo pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito, malo odyetserako ziweto ayenera kumasulidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nthaka ndi mchenga kapena mchenga, feteleza amatha kuthamanga mofulumira ndi ulimi wothirira ndi mvula.Choncho, ngati zowonjezeramo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwa, ndipo kunali mvula yamvula m'nyengo yozizira ndi yamasika, ndiye kuti mwina padzakhala kusowa kwa micronutrients ya potassium ndi nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Phosphoric feteleza amaonedwa kuti sagwira ntchito, amasungidwa mu nthaka yosanjikiza, yomwe imakhala ndi umuna, ndipo pamene nthaka ikukumba, iwo amakhalabe m'malo.
Dothi la Sandy limasiyanitsidwa ndi kuti nthawi zambiri amasowa magnesium, ndipo nthaka ya carbonate imasowa chitsulo. Motero, potashi yamadzi ndi feteleza a sodium ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka m'dzinja ndi masika.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa manyowa ndi manyowa
Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito kumiseche ndi manyowa. Izi zidzalimbikitsa kwambiri kukula kwa zomera ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa humates, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa fetereza, mpaka kasanu.
Pofuna kukwaniritsa izi, manyowa amasakanikirana ndi kumatha miyezi itatu asanayambe feteleza. Kuchuluka kwake kwa ntchito ndi motere: pakuti makilogalamu 10 a manyowa amagwiritsa ntchito 10 g wa humates.
Potaziyamu yamadzi ndi sodium humate: ndi kusiyana kotani ndi zomwe ziri bwino
Sodium ndi potassium humate - salt salk of humic acids. Pozomera zomera ndi potaziyamu zimatulutsa potaziyamu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zofunika kwambiri.
Kuchokera ku potashi feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito potassium nitrate, potaziyamu mchere ndi potaziyamu sulphate.
M'malo mwake, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti zomera zisamakhale ndi potaziyamu, zomwe zimawonjezera poizoni m'nthaka. Koma panthawi yomweyi sodadi yowonjezera imathandizanso pa mbeu ndi nthaka.
Manyowa a sodium amadzimadzi amakhalanso ochulukirapo poti amapanga wotsika mtengo kwambiri potashi, motero, feteleza iyi ndi yotchuka pakati pa anthu chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika.
Ngakhale kuti sodium humate ndi potassium humate, ngakhale kuti zimawoneka ngati zofanana, zimakhudza nthaka ndi zomera mosiyana. Sodium humate ndikulimbikitsa, komanso potassium humate ndi feteleza yovuta kwambiri yomwe imakhudza chitukuko chonse komanso nthaka.
Mtundu wa zokongoletsera zamatsenga, mosasamala mtundu wake, umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa zopangira zomwe feteleza amapangidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati fetereza imapangidwa kuchokera ku malasha a bulauni, idzakhala ndi zonyansa zazitsulo zolemera. Choncho, posankha fetereza, samverani izi.Choncho, m'pofunikira kusankha feteleza omwe apangidwa kuchokera ku lowland peat. Ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa feteleza amasankha payekha, malingana ndi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti akwaniritse.
Kuphatikizira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kumatulutsa feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa bwino bwino, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, kumapangitsa kuti mbeu yambiri, yapamwamba komanso yachilengedwe ikhale yabwino.
