Nkhokwe ya nyumba yomwe timayimilira ndi chomera chokhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso mtundu wobiriwira. Koma pakati pa magulu ofanana a maluwa, asayansi amadziŵa mitundu yapadera yamitengo yomwe imasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi miyezo yowuma mu malingaliro athu.
Kufotokozera ndi kuwonetsera Maluwa Wolemba
Dekabrist kapena zigokaktus (dzina lachilatini - Schlumbergera) botanist ndilo mtundu wa epiphytic cacti. Kunja - nkhalango za ku Brazil. Pa nthambi za zachilendo mtengo bwino maluwa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wa Khirisimasi unabweretsedwa ku dziko la Ulaya ndi osonkhanitsa zomera za ku tropical A. Kanninger pafupifupi zaka 200 zapitazo. Mu 1858, C. Lemaire anadza ndi dzina lake Schmerberger.Mphukira yapadera ya mtundu woonekera ndi mfulu ku minga ya cacti. Iwo ali ndi zolemba zingapo pamphepete mwa nthambi. Chofala kwambiri mithunzi ya maluwa pamapachika zimayambira:
- chofiira;
- lalanje;
- pinki;
- zofiirira
- chofiira;
- zoyera
Maluwa a mtengo wa Khirisimasi amayamba mu December, makamaka chaka cha Chaka Chatsopano ndi maholide a Khirisimasi. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika wadziwika kwa ife dzina. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 8 m'litali. Mphukira imatsegulidwa ndi kuchepa pang'ono, kotero m'nyengo yozizira zomera zimakondweretsa diso ndi maluŵa ofunika pawindo.
Banja la Cactus limaphatikizansopo: prickly peyala, epiphyllum, hatiora.
Mtundu wa zigokaktus uli ndi mitundu itatu yokha komanso zomera zambiri. Pali duwa lomwe liri lofanana kwambiri ndi mphika wa Khirisimasi. Icho chimatchedwa "Pasitanti yamatenda". Kunja, diso ndilovuta kusiyanitsa popanda kudziwa zambiri za floriculture.
Mitundu yambiri ya maluwa m'dera lathu "Varvarin mtundu" ndi trunkata. Mitundu yoyamba ya Schlumbergara imamera kuthengo m'nkhalango zamchere kumpoto kwa Brazil. Maluwa ake amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 8. Mphukira imakhala ndi miyeso yambiri yozungulira yomwe imakhala yozungulira.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa zygocactus uli ndi korona wowongoka kapena yofalitsa ndi zigawo zing'onozing'ono zamagulu. Mphepete mwawo muli ndi mfundo zina. Maluwa amadabwa ndi kukongola kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zingalengeke mnyumbamo?
Schlumbergera ndi imodzi mwa mipando yochepa ya maluwa yomwe imatha kuyambitsa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira. Wolemba Maluwa amafunikira kusamala mosamala kunyumba. Mapangidwe a inflorescences amayamba m'masiku a December, okwana miyezi iwiri. Koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kukhazikitsa zofunikira za chisamaliro cha Khirisimasi.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Chomeracho chimakula bwino pazenera zowoneka kumpoto chakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Sankhani malo owala popanda dzuwa lenileni, dzuwa lili ndi 70-85%.
Ndikofunikira! Mutha kuyika zigokaktus mumphika komanso pawindo lakumwera, kupatula ngati pali mthunzi wokwanira wochokera ku dzuwa. Mazira a UV omwe amatha kuyambitsa amatha kuwotcha pamasamba.
Kutentha
Dziko la Brazil likufalikira cactus likulekerera kutentha kwapakati pa 2 + + 39 ° С. Kutentha kwa chilimwe kumakhala 18 ... + 20 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - + 13 ... + 15 ° С. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusunga chinyezi chokwanira - katundu mpaka kupopera mbewuzo korona ndi zofewa, madzi ofunda pang'ono.
Mmene mungasamalire kunyumba
The Decembrist ndi ya whimsical mkati maluwa. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kutha kwa madzi ozizira a chilimwe amakololedwa. Zigokaktus nthawi zonse amapopera nthawi yotentha, samadyetsa kawiri pa mwezi.
M'chilimwe, mphika wokhala ndi maluwa a Khirisimasi umachitika pa khonde kapena malo otseguka. Zitha kuikidwa pabwalo pansi pa korona wa mtengo, koma onetsetsani kuti sizimapangitse slugs ndi misomali.
Pomwe kufika kwa mwezi wa September, kuthirira kumachepetsa pang'onopang'ono ndipo maluwa amasamutsira ku chipinda chozizira kapena kutsekedwa kotsekedwa (chiwerengero chabwino kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 15 ° C). Pakufika nyengo yozizira, inflorescences amabadwira mu chomera. Pakukula kwawo, amachulukitsa kuthirira ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Khalanibe mumphika ozizira kudzawonjezera nthawi ya maluwa.
Werenganiponso za chisamaliro cha zomera zina: Kalanchoe Kalandiva, clerodendrum, tsiperus, havortiya, kampanuloy, plumeria.
Kusamba malamulo
Malamulo akuluakulu ndi ozolowereka. Nthaka yocheperapo imakhudza kwambiri mkhalidwe wa chomera. Koma kutsanulira mphika pamwamba pa mphikawo sikoyenera. Izi zingachititse matenda a Decembrist ndipo zidzasowa chithandizo mwamsanga. Chizindikiro cha kuthirira ndi kuyanika bwino kwa nthaka pamwamba.
Zokwanira Ndondomeko ya kuthirira nyengo:
- Kuyambira mwezi wa Oktoba mpaka November - siteji ya "mpumulo" pamalo ozizira ndi kuthirira nthawi imodzi pamlungu. Mu zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za mwezi watha wa autumn, chomeracho chimathiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo ndondomeko yopopera mbewu imayambitsidwa.
- Kuyambira November mpaka December - budding. Ziyenera kukhala mochuluka komanso nthawi zonse kuthirira ngati udzu wa m'phika ukuwonekera.
- Kuyambira mwezi wa December mpaka February - onetsetsani kuthirira madzi ndi madzi osasuntha mphika kumalo ena.
- Kuyambira pa March mpaka August - nthawi yowunifoleranti madzi okwanira.
Amayi ochepa amamvetsera momwe angagwiritsire ntchito madzi a Decembrist ndi momwe angamvere. Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi pampopu. M'buku lake muli chlorine kapena laimu sludge. Chakumwa chabwino chimasonkhanitsa madzi amvula. Mafanidwe ovomerezeka - madzi opopi ophika.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Ndikofunika kusamalira chinyezi chokwanira mu chipinda. Kumbukirani chiyambi cha South America cha zygocactus. Izi zimalankhula zokha. Omwe amafunkha amafunikanso kupopera nthawi yamasamba a masamba ndi madzi ofunda, kuti asakhale othawa.
Mukudziwa? Cactus yamakono amakonda kuwonjezeka msinkhu wa chinyezi. Kuwonjezera pa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, pansi pa mphika mwake mukhoza kuika sitayi ndi yonyowa wothira dongo.
M'nyengo yozizira yotentha, mungathe kuchita maulendo angapo pamlungu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - 1-2 nthawi pa mwezi uliwonse. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kugwiritsa ntchito kutsitsi kapena kuthirira kungathe ndi kusamba. Madzi opaleshoniyi ayenera kukhala kutentha.
Feteleza
Mu mawonekedwe a kudyetsa Decembrist cactus feteleza ndi abwino kwa maluwa. Zitha kugulidwa pa sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa. Njira yofunikila ya ndondomekoyi ndi milungu iwiri iliyonse pa nthawi ya kukula ndi chitukuko cha tsinde (kuyambira March mpaka August).
Zosakaniza zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous inclusions zimadzipikitsidwa ndi madzi. Maluwa amkati adadyetsedwa kuti apangidwe masamba.
Kudulira Wotsutsa
Zigokaktus akulimbikitsidwa kuti apange "tsitsi" kuti apange korona wokongola komanso yokongola maluwa m'tsogolo. "Kusweka" Munthu wotchuka amatha kusintha mwa kukongoletsa. Ndondomekoyi ikuwongoleranso zida zowonjezera ndikudulira nthambi zakale ndi zouma. Mbali zochotsedwa za mphika zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudula nyamayi ya Khirisimasi.
Momwe mungasamalire mutatha maluwa
Kupeza maluwa nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa masamba ake. Izi zikuwonetsa ndondomeko yoyenera yotsatizana ndi zikhalidwe zatsopano za ndende.
Mu nthawi ya "mpumulo" Wotchukayo amaikidwa pawindo lawindo ndi penumra yowala, osati kutali ndi zenera kumbuyo kwa nsaru yotchinga. Zimayambira pambuyo pa maluwa zikhoza kukulira pa kutentha kuchokera +2 mpaka 37 ° C, koma kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi 18-25 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zotsatira zatsopano za kafukufuku ndi asayansi achi German, Decembrist ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha poizoni. Choncho, asthmatics iyenera kutenga malo ophikira ndi zomera zina kuti azikongoletsa mawindo a nyumba.
Momwe mungasinthire
Young Schlumberberg amafalikira zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, zomera zakale - ndi nthawi ya zaka zinayi kapena zisanu. Pakati pa March ndi nthawi yabwino yamalendala yomwe mungathe kubwereza maluwa a Decembrist.
Mtengo wa zomera sungatchedwe wamphamvu kwambiri, choncho usamabzala mu mphika waukulu. Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ochulukirapo, Decembrist wabzalidwa m'chombo chochepa.
Munda wa zigokaktus kunyumba umachokera kutero zigawo:
- mchenga;
- peat;
- magawo ofanana a mapepala ndi nthaka.
Mmene mungachulukire kunyumba
Maluwa a maluwa amafalitsidwa mu njira ziwiri zotsimikiziridwa: kudula ndi kumtumikizanitsa. Pachiyambi chotsatira, zidutswa za cuttings zidzafunika (kuchokera ku mbali zitatu). Mbali yokonzekera ya tsinde imaphatikizidwa dropwise kwa gawo losakanizidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Gulu lowonjezera la galasi kapena kapu ya pulasitiki imayikidwa pamadontho kuti apange mvula yowonjezera.. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, "chitetezo" chimatulutsidwa kuti asamawononge kudula.
Kubzala mu mphika wamuyaya muyenera kuyembekezera mapangidwe okwanira a mizu. Florists musati amalangiza kubzala achinyamata mphukira mu lalikulu miphika. Zimayang'ana kuyang'ana modabwitsa. Palibenso chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha mphukira yosakhazikika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pansi.
Njira yachiwiri yomwe alimi amaluwa a maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito pang'ono chifukwa cha maonekedwe ena. Mudzafuna chomera kuti mubweretsenso pansi pa dzina lopambana la Opuntia. Pa workpiece, tsinde limayeretsedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa korona ndipo mapeto akumapeto amagawidwa pakati.
Kubwezeretsa Zigokaktus kuyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri kapena atatu. Amalongosoledwa ndi mpeni ndikukhazikika mu khola la pear prickly. Kenaka yesani magawo awiri a tsinde logawanika ndi singano, konzani ndi tepi kapena tepi. Nthawi yowonjezera idzatha masiku 14. Kufuna kutentha m'chipinda ndi 18 ... + 20 ° С. Chokonzeratu chikuchotsedwa mwamsanga pamene kumangiriza kukuyamba kukula. Kuchokera pamunsi ndi zofunika kuthetsa mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba. Wopatsa chidziwitso mu April adzasangalatsa ndi maluwa kale m'nyengo yozizira yoyamba.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
The Decembrist nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a fungal (Fusarium, Phthium kapena Phytophthora). Nkhungu imakhudza khosi la rhizome. Pakati pa matenda a bakiteriya, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Erwinia amakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa tsinde. Nthawi zina mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala opanda mphamvu, muyenera kudula gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi nthambi ya cactus. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mealybugs zimakwiyitsa kwambiri maluwa.
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso lenilenilo: chifukwa chiyani Decembrist wouma pafupi ndiwindo? Nthawi zina zimatha chifukwa cha mpweya wouma kwambiri womwe umachokera ku mabatire amtentha m'nyengo yozizira - muyenera kuyang'ana kupopera mbewu ndi kudyetsa nthaka mu mphika.
Mavuto ndi maluwa okhudzana ndi kuwala kolakwika. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zomera zapakhomo, nthawi zambiri musasinthe malo a maluwa a cactus.
Ndikofunikira! Kusuntha mphika panthawi yomwe ikuphulika kumadzazidwa ndi kugwa kwapadera kwa msana.
Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha mizu kungayambitse masamba ambiri. Ndi bwino kupatulira tizidutswa mu mphika ngati rhizome yovunda yofiira imadziwika ndipo fungo labwino likupezeka. Mphika wa "chigumula" umamwalira posachedwa.
