Zigawo kapena mphukira zonse zapachaka, zomwe zimatchedwanso cuttings, ndizofunikira zokhazokha.
Kuphatikizira mitengo kumapangidwira kuti kufulumizitsa kufalikira kwa mbewu, kukulitsa kukhwima kwawo ndikukweza ubwino wa mbewu.
Komabe, si mbali zonsezi zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake, choncho musanachite ndondomeko ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzisunga bwino cuttings kwa katemera.
Malire a Zogulitsa
Kawirikawiri, mphukira zimakoledwa kawiri pachaka: kumapeto kwa autumn (kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira) kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kutha kwa chimfine).
Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya autumn, pamodzi ndi kukonzanso tsamba lakugwa ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu (mpaka -15 ° C), kudula mitengoyo sikumapweteka mbewu, chifukwa nthawiyi ili kale mu mpumulo wamphumphu, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kusunga masamba mpaka masika. Kuwonjezera apo, isanayambike ozizira nyengo, amawombera kale nthawi yowumitsa bwino, ndipo masoka a disinfection amapezeka panjira (bowa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimafa ndi chisanu). Ubwino wa autumn kukolola cuttings ndi awa:
- Mphungu ya chaka chimodzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakapita nthawi katemera, sungathe kuundana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wolima munda adzatha kudzitetezera pasadakhale popanda kubzala zakuthupi.
- Zotsala za kudulazo zimasungidwa mwamsanga mpaka katemera womwewo, umene uli wabwino kwambiri, chifukwa ndizo zitsanzo zomwe zimafunika kuthetsa ntchitoyi.
Kumalo kumene nyengo yachisanu imakhala yozizira kwambiri ndipo kutentha sikutsika pansipa -20 ° C, palibe vuto la inoculum. Zikatero, kudula cuttings kungathe kuchitika pa tsiku lililonse lachisanu.
Phunzirani zambiri za kukolola cuttings wa mphesa, clematis, laurel, thuja, girlish mphesa.Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri, nthawi yoyamba ya masika musayiwale kuyang'ana kukwanira kwa mphukira, monga momwe amatha kukhalira. Kwa katemera wa chilimwe, grafts amadulidwa mwamsanga chisanachitike.
Zofunika ndi zosungirako
Chovuta kwambiri musanamangirize mtengo ndikusankha osadulidwa bwino. Musanayambe ndondomeko yokha, kawirikawiri mumakhala nyengo yonse yozizira komanso kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene zinthu zopangidwazo zingathe kuwonongeka mosavuta. Makamaka "wofatsa" - mphukira za zipatso zamwala, choncho, akabzalidwa, nkofunikira kutsatira malangizo onse monga momwe angathere. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa yosungirako ndi -2 ... -4 ° C, ndipo m'madera ambiri chipale chofewa chimatha ndi chisanu cha 50-70 masentimita ndizofunikira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira (ndithudi, ngati palibe thaw). Koma ichi sichoncho chokhacho chotheka, koma mukhoza kupeza zambiri za njira zonse zosungira billet likuwombera pansipa.
Dulani mphukira ayenera kusungidwa nthawi yomweyo, koma musanayambe, pukutani chigawo chilichonse ndi nsalu yonyowa pokhala, musani ndi kukula, kumangiriza muzitsamba zing'onozing'ono ndikuyika mu thumba la pulasitiki yoyera komanso latsopano limene lidzazisungidwa mpaka lipindwe.
Ndikofunikira! Cuttings sali pansi pa cuttings wa kutalika kwa 8-10 masentimita, ndipo sakhalanso oyenera kwa scion woonda kwambiri, curves kapena zowonongeka. Pewani mphukira zomwe zimakula mu thickenings kapena pamitengo yosadziwika.Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro za kutentha, chinyezi mu chipinda ndi cuttings ndi chofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, kuti mipesa isatayike, mtengo uwu uyenera kusungidwa pa mlingo wa 95-100%. Inde, mu zinthu zoterezo zowola zimatha kukhalapo, koma n'zotheka kupulumutsa mphesa pogwiritsa ntchito "Hinosol". Kuthamanga pa cuttings musanayambe kubzala kapena kusindikiza (maola 12-14 m'madzi ozizira ndi okwanira) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusakondera.
Ndibwino kusunga cuttings, malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera
Chomera chirichonse mwa njira yake chimafunika kudziyang'ana yekha, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti pali miyeso yamtundu umodzi pokhudzana ndi kugula katundu wa scion. Ganizirani malo omwe malo osungirako amapezeka kwambiri.
Kusungirako pansi
Mfundoyi, yosungirako njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsamba zilizonse, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mipesa. Zonse zomwe zimafunikira ndikukumba ngalande pafupifupi 30-35 cm mumdima wouma komanso malo osungira madzi pansi. Pamwamba mwa iwo aikidwa mphukira zodulidwa, zomwe kenako zimaphimbidwa ndi spruce masamba ndi owazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Monga malo owonjezera, mungagwiritse ntchito masamba osagwa kapena udzu.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapezeka nthawi yachisanu, sichidutsa mamita 0.5. Chipale chofewa chiyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi.Ngati mumanga pogona moyenera, ndiye kuti kutentha kwake sikugwera m'munsimu 0 °, ndipo palibe chisanu kapena thaws chomwe chidzawopseza wanu cuttings.
Malo abwino kwambiri osungirako ndi mbali yakumpoto ya nyumba kapena kukhetsa komwe chivundikiro cha chisanu chidzakhalitsa. Pofuna kuteteza mitsempha ya makoswe, ndikokwanira kukulunga ndi makina a fiberglass, zitsulo kapena mapepala apulasitiki okhala ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono kapena mapiritsi akale a nylon.Mu utuchi
Kumadera omwe nyengo yamapiri imakhala yamtundu wautali komanso chisanu chokhazikika cha chisanu, utsi wachisanu udzakhala wabwino posungira mitengo ya zipatso kapena mphesa zomwezo. Pofuna kukonza malo ogona, nkofunika kuyika zida zokolola zam'tsogolo pazitsulo zamadzi (kumbali ya kumpoto kwa nyumba), kuzidzaza ndi zowonjezera 15-20 masentimita pamwamba. Mmawonekedwe awa, zigawozo zatsala kuzizira, ndipo zitangoyamba kuzizira, ndibwino kupulumutsa masentimita makumi anayi mpweya wouma wa utuchi wouma, umene iwo amaphimba. Nyumba yomalizidwayi imabisala pansi pa pulasitiki yomwe imateteza ntchito yanu kuti ikhale yonyowa. M'madera oterewa, zidutswazo zimagona mu utuchi mpaka masika, ndipo masiku angapo asanayambe katemera, a bale ali nawo amalowa m'chipindamo ndikuloledwa kuchoka pang'onopang'ono.
Kuteteza mbali zokolola za mphukira ku mbewa ndi makoswe ena, utuchi wothira wothira ndi yankho la creolin ndi carbolic asidi, potsata kuwerengera kwa 50-60 g ya mankhwala mu chidebe cha madzi. Malinga ndi zomwe akunena wamaluwa ogwira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito "mafuta onunkhira" amenewa, zinyama zidzakudutsa.
Timafotokozanso tsatanetsatane wa kusungira chimanga, anyezi, nkhaka, ndi silage.Pofuna kusungunuka kutumphuka pamene kusungunuka chipale chofewa, mungathe kuika zidazi m'mapope, mapaipi opangidwa ndi polyethylene kapena mabotolo apulasitiki. Powonongeka kwambiri, mungathe kukulunga matchulo ndi zigawo za filimu yambiri, ndikusiya mpweya pakati pa izo ndi zobisika.
M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba
M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, mukhoza kusunga zipatso za zomera zilizonse zomwe zimalimidwa m'deralo: mitengo ya zipatso ndi mbewu, mphesa, etc. Komabe, zikhalidwe zawo ndi zosiyana. Ngakhale kuti ena adzamvekedwa ndi ziguduli kapena utuchi, ena adzakonda mchenga, peat kapena moss (spangum) zambiri. 
Mukasungidwa mu utuchi, matumbawa amaikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki m'magawo omwe adadulidwa ndi kuwaza utuchi (makamaka kuchokera ku softwood). Kuwongolera mwatumba matumba sikofunikira, chifukwa chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mphukira imapeza mpweya.
Ndikofunikira! Kusungirako kwa cuttings m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mchenga kumaloledwa pa nkhani yokhudzana kumalumikizitsa mphesa ndi mbewu za mchenga, koma kwa zipatso zamtengo wokolola ndi bwino kupeza njira zina.Mukasungidwa mumchenga, osankhidwa a cuttings amaikidwa mabokosi ndi mabowo a mpweya wophimba mpweya. Kuzindikira mlingo woyenera wa kuthira mchenga ndi kophweka: ingotenga pang'ono ndi kukanikiza mu chifuwa chanu, ngati mumamva chinyezi koma madzi sagwedezeka - zonse ziri bwino, kuwonjezera kwina sikofunika.
Mukasungira zinthu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndikofunika kuti kutentha kuli mkati mwa ... -2 ° С. Zili bwino, ngati zimakhala zowonjezera 0 ° C kapena zochepa, koma, pambali pa cuttings, kukonzekera kwina kumakhala kusungiramo m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kotero musamachite mopitirira muyeso ndikusintha chipinda chonse kuti musamangidwe. Mtundu woyenerera ndi 0 ... +2 ° С.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, sitiyenera kuiwala za zosungirako za cuttings za mpesa. Kwa iye, nyengo yabwino ya kutentha ndi yamtengo wapatali kuposa 0 ° C (mwachitsanzo, 0 ... +4 ° C), zomwe zimakupatsani kusunga zigawo pakati pa March. 
Kuti muzitha kusintha nthawi komanso kutentha zizindikiro, yesetsani kutentha. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa kutenthedwa kapena kuledzera kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu katundu. Choncho, kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha pamwamba +3 ° C kumapangitsa kutupa kwa impso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizidulidwe tisagwire katemera.
Chinyezi choyenera kwambiri m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi 65-70%, ndipo kuonjezera chizindikiro ichi (makamaka chofunika pozisunga zipatso za mphesa), ndikwanira kuika chidebe cha madzi pansi.
Mchenga
Kuwonjezera pa chapansi, mchenga ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako masamba osankhidwa pa tsamba lanu. Zomwe mukuyenera kuchita ndi kukumba ngalande 50 masentimita (zotsalirazo sizingakhale zofunika) ndikuyika mtolo wa zidutswa m'munsi mwake, popeza kale munaphimba "pansi" ndi mchenga wofunikira (pafupifupi masentimita asanu). 
Yesetsani kumanga timagulu pafupi ndi mzake, kenaka mudzaziletseni pang'ono, koma osati mchenga wambiri (kutayika kwazomwe ziyenera kukhala 7-8 masentimita). Chotsatira chotsatira (25-30 cm) chiyenera kuyimilidwa ndi nthaka yotengedwa kuchokera m'dzenje. Ngati mukufuna, malo ogonawa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi denga lamoto, loperekedwa ngati mawonekedwe a slate kapena denga lomwe linamveka. Njirayi ndi yabwino yosungira zipatso za mphesa.
Mukudziwa? Malonda othandizira amapangidwa kuchokera ku mchenga kuti apange masomphenya. Choncho, ngati tizilombo ting'onoting'onoting'ono tikumana ndi munthu amene amavala nawo, amangodziphatikizana ndi ena ndipo samakwiyitsa maso mucosa.
M'friji
Ngati muli ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuwasunga kufikira masika pogwiritsa ntchito firiji. Mwa njira, njira iyi idzakhala yankho labwino kwa funso la momwe mungasunge cuttings wa maluwa.
Mphukira yokonzedweratu imayikidwa kale mu thumba la pulasitiki yoyera ndikuyikidwa pa shelefu ya firiji. Ndikofunika kuti zizindikiro za kutentha zisadutse +2 ° C, choncho ngati muli ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito olamulira, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwasiya. 
Poganizira kuti palibe mafiriji ofanana, malo osungirako malo omwe ali okonzeka adzakhala osiyana: ndi bwino kuti wina aikepo phukusi pansi pa feriji, ndi wina yemwe ali m'chipinda cha masamba ndi masamba. Chinthu chofunika kukumbukira: mafiriji ndi firiji ndi zinthu zosiyana siyana, ndiko kuti, ntchito yanu siyimangiriza odulidwa osankhidwa, koma kungowasunga bwino.
Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chofunika, mukhoza kukulunga machesi mu nsalu yonyowa kapena papepala ndiyeno ponyani m'matumba. Mwinanso, njirayi ndi yoyenera: choyamba, dulani mabokosi ndi parafini (kwathunthu kapena mapeto) ndiyeno kukulunga mu nsalu yothira ndi kuwaika mu thumba la pulasitiki losamangirika.
Pezani chifukwa chake simungazisunge tomato m'firiji.M'chipinda chapansi, kutentha kumakhala mkatikati mwa 2 ... +4 ° C, zomwe zimalola kusunga cuttings kumeneko mpaka kumapeto kwa dzinja. Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwalika kuti miyala yamtengo wapatali (apricot, plamu, nthuri ya chitumbuwa, etc.) idakhala nayo masamba mu March, kotero kuisunga mu furiji sikophweka.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi akatswiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi firiji yomwe ndi malo okongola kwambiri m'nyumba, chifukwa imakhala ndi tizilombo toyipa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okwana 11.4 miliyoni, 1 cm² okha.
Momwe mungayang'anire chitetezo cha cuttings m'chaka
Ndi kufika kwa kasupe ndi kuyandikira kwa kuphatikiza kwa cuttings okonzekera kugwa, funso likubwera: momwe mungayang'anire khalidwe lawo, ndiko, mlingo wa kusungidwa. Choyamba, yang'anani mosamala mbali iliyonse ndikuyesa mayeso osavuta. Choncho, khungwa locheka liyenera kukhala losalala ndi losalala, ndipo ngati louma ndi lopsa, ndiye kuti likhoza kutayidwa, chifukwa siloyenera.
Pogwedeza pang'ono, cuttings amafunika kukhala okonzeka ndi okwanira zotanuka, koma ngati choyimira chanu chikuphwanyidwa kapena chosweka, sichikanatha kukhala m'nyengo yozizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito mtanda, muyenera kuwona nkhuni zobiriwira ndi zozizwitsa zonse zatsopano, koma ngati si choncho, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo mugwire ntchitoyo. Mphukira pa tsinde wathanzi nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo mamba awo ndi osalala ndi otanuka mpaka kukhudza.
Mukadula impso zotere pamodzi, ndiye kudula kuli kobiriwira, popanda bulauni.
Ngati zidutswazo zili ndi zofunikira zonsezi, zimakhalabe zowonongeka kuti zikhale zotentha. Kuti muchite izi, pangani magawo atsopano kuchokera pansi ndikuikapo kopi iliyonse mu mtsuko wa madzi oyera.
Ngati ntchito yanu idapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, madzi mumtsinje adzakhalabe owonetsetsa bwino, koma ngati si choncho, mudzawona mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira. 
Podziwa magawo onse osungirako ndikukonzekera kwa cuttings za katemera wamtsogolo, simungathe kusiyanitsa zokoma za zipatso za m'munda mwanu, komanso kuwonjezera kukula kwa zomera.
