Hortensia - maluwa okongoletsa munda, chimene chimapsa mtima ndi kukongola kwake ndi kuyambira kwake. Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana zimakopa maonekedwe awo osadabwitsa komanso maluwa ambiri. Kukula hydrangea m'munda wanu, simudzasiya kuzikonda nthawi yonse ya kukula. Chomeracho chimakhala chosaoneka chachilendo ndipo chimayamikiridwa ndi wamaluwa osati maluwa ake ambiri, komanso maonekedwe okongola a makungwa, komanso masamba osungunuka. Maso okongola kwambiri amapezeka m'dzinja, pamene mungathe kuona masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, masamba ndi mitu ndi imodzi pa shrub imodzi.
Kufotokozera mwachidule za mtundu
Hydrangea - maluwa omwe amapezeka m'banja Hortensia, mtundu uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 70-80. Mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula ku East Asia.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwana ndi zomera zina zomwe ziri za banja Hortensia: mitex, deutz ndi currants.Zitsamba zikukula kufika mamita 3 ndipo ndizoyimira anthu ambiri, ndipo ena ndi mitengo yaying'ono, ndipo ena onsewo ndi mitengo ya mpesa yomwe imakwera pamtengo wa mitengo ina kufika mamita makumi atatu. Zomera zonse zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zowonongeka. Kawirikawiri amalima mitundu yovuta.
Maluwa amapezeka m'chaka ndipo amatha kumapeto kwa autumn. Kumapeto kwa tsinde, maluwawo amasonkhanitsidwa pamphepete mwazitsulo zam'mimba, ali ndi paniculate kapena corymboid mawonekedwe. Mitundu yambiri ili ndi maluwa a maluwa omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya maluwa: pakati pali maluwa obala zipatso, ndipo pamphepete mwawo mulibe lalikulu zopanda zipatso. Pali mitundu yomwe maluwa onse amakula ndi kukula kwake. Mtundumitundu umadalira mtundu: woyera (wamba), wofiira, wabuluu, lilac, pinki.Mukudziwa? Mafuta akuluakulu otchedwa hydrangea, malinga ndi mtengo wa pH, amatha kusintha mtundu wa masambawo. Mwachitsanzo: mu nthaka ya acidic, maluwawo ndi a buluu, mumchere wa alkaline ndi lilac kapena pinki, ndipo nthaka yopanda ndale imakhala yobiriwira. Mitundu ina ya hydrangea, yomwe imabzalidwa pH acidic, imatha kusungunula zitsulo zotayidwa kuchokera ku nthaka, komanso kupanga mankhwala okhala ndi buluu.Zipatso za Hydrangea - 2-5 mabokosi osiyana omwe ali ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono.
Mbali za kubzala kwadzinja
Mitundu yonse ya mtundu uwu ndi yopanda chisanu ndi mthunzi wolekerera, koma sizimalekerera dzuwa. Malowa ayenera kukhala ochepa pang'ono, ndipo kuunikira kwa dzuwa ndikofunika kokha m'mawa. Posankha malo odzala, ndi bwino kuganizira kuti maluwawo amasangalala kwambiri ndipo zomera zimatha kukula bwino.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lake linali kulemekeza mlongo wa Kalonga Woyera wa Chiroma Karl Heinrich Nassau-Siegen - Princess Hortense.
Mtundu wa dothi lokula
Nthaka imene zomera zidzabzalidwa zikhale: zotayirira, chinyezi chokhazikika ndi ubwino wabwino wa madzi ndi mpweya. Chofunika kwambiri ndi acidity ya dothi, chifukwa hydrangea imakonda malo amadzimadzi, ndipo saloŵerera m'nkhalango kapena amchere, imakhala ndi vuto lachitsulo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati dera lakumidzi lanu ndi alkaline, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kulikhalitsa nokha, mwinamwake chomeracho chidzavutika kwambiri. Nthaŵi zambiri m'madera oterewa hydrangea amadwala ndi chlorosis, zomwe sizikulola kuti zikule ndikukula.Olima wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito yankho la sulfuric acid. Mwa njira zomwe zilipo, ngakhale electrolyte imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabatire (okhala ndi sulfuric acid). Onetsetsani kudyetsa njira yothetsera mphamvu ya electrolyte chifukwa muyeso yake yodetsedwa kwambiri yodzaza ndi sulfuric acid: ml ml wa electrolyte pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Nthawi
Kubzala nthawi kumathandiza kwambiri kuti mbeu ikhale yabwino. Kumadera otentha ndi nyengo, hydrangea imabzalidwa pakati theka la autumn. Ndi bwino kubzala mu September, kotero kuti chomeracho chikhala ndi nthawi kuti zikhale zolimba ndikuzika mizu chisanafike chisanu. Kwa oyamba kumene kuli bwino kugula mbande zazaka 4-5 za kubzala, iwo ali amphamvu ndipo mwamsanga amazika mizu.
Tekeni yamakono
Mutatsimikiza malo okwera malo, muyenera kukonza dzenje. Kuyala hydrangeas mu kugwa pansi kumapangidwa mu dzenje, kuya kwa theka la mita ndi pakati pa mamita 40-50 masentimita. Ngati dothi liri losauka, ndibwino kuti dzenje likhale lakuya. Mukamabzala mazenera muziwona mtunda pakati pa tchire mpaka mamita 1.5. Phokoso liyenera kukhala lodzaza ndi dothi (tsamba, humus, mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 1: 1). Pakuti 10 kg wa humus kuwonjezera 60 g wa superphosphate ndi 20 g wa sulfuric potaziyamu ndi urea.
Nkhosa, nkhumba, ng'ombe, nkhuku, kalulu ndi humus zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutunga hydrangea mukadzala.Dothi mu dzenje liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa masiku angapo, ndipo m'pofunika kuyendetsa molunjika. Kuchokera m'nthaka kusakaniza m'dzenje lokha, pangani mchenga ndikuyika mmera, kuti malo a khosi akhale 3 masentimita pamwamba pa tsamba. Kenaka, pewani mizu ya chomera ndikuisunga mosamala ndi dziko lapansi. Mutabzala, zitha bwino pansi ndi kuthirira hydrangea mochuluka. Patapita kanthawi, dothi lidzatha, ndipo mizu idzakhala pamtunda wa chiwembucho.
Momwe mungasamalire hydrangea mu kugwa
Kusamalira munda wa hydrangea m'dzinja ndi chimodzimodzi ndi nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe. Chomeracho chimafuna dothi kutulutsa, kuthirira, kudulira ndi kutetezera ku tizirombo. Ngakhale maluwa akudutsa kale, koma feteleza ayenera kuchitidwa ndithu, chifukwa shrub ayenera kupeza mphamvu pamaso pa nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira
Chomera ndicho chikondi cha chinyontho, choncho, chimafuna boma la kuthirira. Mu nyengo yowuma, madzi madzi awiri pa sabata, ndipo mu mvula kamodzi pa sabata. Chinthu chachikulu - kuteteza chinyezi chokhazikika, kuti asawononge mizu. Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi olekanitsidwa. Pansi pa shrub wamkulu, pafupifupi 40-50 malita a madzi amatsanulira panthawi imodzi. Monga njira yowonetsera, viniga kapena citric acid nthawi zina amawonjezeredwa madzi kuti akuwetse.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kumayambiriro kwa September, feteleza yomaliza ya hydrangea ya chaka chino ikuchitika. Zomwe zimapanga feteleza zimaphatikizapo phosphorous-potaziyamu. Mavitrogeni othandizira m'nthawi ino safunikira. 
Chithandizo cham'madzi cha matenda ndi tizirombo
Chithandizo cham'mazira chimakhala chotetezera kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuchiza ndi cholinga chothetsa matenda ndi tizirombo zomwe zingathetseretu nthaka kapena kuzigwetsa m'nyengo yozizira. Mankhwala otchuka ndi othandiza ndi Abiga-Pic kapena 1% Bordeaux madzi. Zochitika zoterezi zimachitika pambuyo pa tsamba lakugwa.
Ngati mukufuna kuti hydrangea yanu isangalale kwambiri m'munda, ndiye kuti zidzakuthandizani kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu ndi kuyanika masamba a hydrangea.
Kudulira
Nthawi yowononga hydrangea kwa akatswiri ndizovuta, ena amalangiza kuti ichitike kasupe musanayambe mphukira, pamene ena akulangiza, mosiyana ndi izo, zimalimbikitsa kugwa. Ubwino wa kudula mitengo yowumitsa ndi kuti ntchito yofunika ya chomera imatha ndipo palibe ngozi yoti idzatha ndi madzi. Malingana ndi mtundu wa hydrangea, chochitika ichi chagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri:
- Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo: oyimirira a hydrangea aakulu, otchedwa barbed, lianovidna, oak-leaved, petiolate, Sargenty. Kudulira mitengo kumakhala kosafunika komanso kosakaniza. Chotsani nthambi zowuma, zosweka ndi zodwala, komanso zakale zapulorescences. Mtundu uwu wa processing ndi chifukwa chakuti mwa oimira awa maluwa amapangidwira pa mphukira zakale zomwe zinapangidwa kale;
- Mtundu wachiwiri ndi hydrangea, momwe maluwa amaonekera pa mphukira zazing'ono za chaka chino. Choncho, autumn kudulira paniculate ndi mtengo hydrangea amafunika. Mitengo ya hydrangea imadulidwa kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Kudulira hydrangea kudulira kumachitika ngati mtengo, mphukira yakale ndi matenda yomwe imakula kuchokera pa nthawi imodzi imachotsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati osadulidwa mosadulidwa, hydrangea ikuluikulu ikhoza kuphulika konse.
Momwe mungasinthire hydrangea mu kugwa
Mitundu yayikulu yotsekedwa mu kugwa sikuti imalangizidwa kuti iyalanso, zimakhala zovuta kusintha. Mitengo ndi paniculate hydrangea amawunikira bwino m'dzinja.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu
Pakuti Thirani hydrangea mu kugwa, chomera chiyenera kukhala okonzeka ku kasupe. Kuti muchite izi, pozama ndi m'kati mwake mpaka masentimita 30, gulani ngalande pozungulira mtengo wa mtengo ndikudzaza ndi kompositi. Ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, chomeracho chidzaika mizu yatsopanoyo mwachindunji mu kompositi. Kuwotchera kumachitika nthawi imodzimodzimodzi pofika, ndipo ichi ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira.
Mapulani
Kuti musasokoneze nthambi za zomera, ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi twine kapena chingwe. Hortensia ayenera kukumba kuzungulira kunja, osayesa kuwononga mizu yachinyamata. Kenaka pitani ku malo atsopano otsetsereka (dzenje loyambira liyenera kukonzedweratu pasadakhale). Kukonzekera dzenje ndi chisamaliro cha mbeu mu nthawi yophukira zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Kuti chomeracho chikhazikike bwino komanso mofulumira, pewani kudulira. Ngati mukulumikiza kuti mutenge mpanda, onetsetsani kuti mtunda wa pakati pa tchire unali ndi mita imodzi, ndipo makamaka mamita 1.5. 
Njira zazikulu zobereketsera
Njira zazikuluzikulu komanso zofikira zokolola za munda aliyense ndizo: kugawa chitsamba, kudula ndi kuswana mphukira.
Kugawa chitsamba
Njirayi ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi kuika tchire. Momwemo muonjezere pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya hydrangeas, kupatula paniculate. Kokani chomera ndikuchichotsa pansi kuti chitsamba chilichonse chosiyana chikhale ndi mphukira zabwino ndi mizu. Panthawi yolunjika izi muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri kuti musawononge rhizomes. Ngati pangakhale kuwonongeka kwazing'ono kwa madera akumidzi, ndi bwino kuwapaka ndi malasha osweka, ndiyeno muwaike m'mabowo okonzeka.
Werengani za mitundu ya hydrangeas: mitengo yamtengo wapatali komanso ya paniculata.
Cuttings
Kaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa mu kasupe kapena m'chilimwe kuchokera kumtsinje wothandizira pachaka mphukira, koma palinso nyengo yozizira, yomwe ikuyamba kuchitika kale pakatikati pa autumn. Mu October, gulani chitsamba cha hydrangea, muchiikeni mumphika ndikuchichotsa pansi. Kukonzekera kwa kusakaniza kwa nthaka kumakhala kofanana ndi pamene mukufika pamalo otseguka. Mu Januwale, mphika umayenera kusamukira ku malo ozizira, ofunikira, patapita masabata angapo pa 10 ° C, tizidulidwe timayamba kukula. Mu February, m'pofunika kudula masamba obiriwira okhala ndi 2 internodes kuchokera kwa mayi. Pamwamba pa masamba pamwambapa ndi pansi pake achoke 1 masentimita. 
Kuti musasokonezedwe komanso kuti musabzalidwe tsinde moyang'anizana, onetsetsani kuti mchenga uli wowongoka komanso wapamwamba. Masamba apansi ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndi chapamwamba kudula pakati. Njira chapamwamba kudula Zelenko, ndi m'munsi zilowerere mu kukula stimulator. Pofuna kupewa zowola muzu mumadzimita imodzi, ikani pulogalamu ya Glyocladin. Dulani masambawa pamwamba pa masamba a mphika. Izi cuttings kukula mofulumira ndi kupanga mizu yabwino. Kumapeto kwa nyengo amafunika kusamalidwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako amatha kubzalidwa.
Kubalanso kumachokera muzu
Kufalikira kumtunda, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mosamala dothi la pamwamba ndi mphukira zosiyana kuti zisawononge mizu ya uterine chitsamba. Pambuyo pake, mphukira zabzala chifukwa cha kulera (1-2 zaka), ndipo m'pofunika kuti zikhazikike pamalo osatha.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Ngakhale mitundu yozizira ya hydrangea ali wamng'ono. amalephera kuzizira kwambiri ndipo amafunikira malo okhala. Hydrangea imafuna chisamaliro chapamwamba mu kugwa ndi kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kale kuyambira September. Masamba onse kupatula masamba apamwamba achotsedwa ku chitsamba, omwe amachititsa kuti kucha ndi kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono. Kenaka mudyetseni zomera ndi feteleza zopangidwa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. 
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kukwera kwa chitsamba kudzakhala kokwanira, ndipo m'madera ocheperako, koma ndi chisanu chowopsya, nkofunika kupanga bungwe lachitsamba. Mitengo yaing'ono yazing'ono imakhala yokutidwa ndi peat ndi yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo. Mtsinje waukulu ukhoza kumangirizidwa ndi chingwe ndi kuika bwino, kuti asawonongeke, pa matabwa, omwe adaikidwa patsogolo. Kuti matabwa asasunthike pamtunda, akhometseni ndi misomali yaitali pansi. Thirani shrub yokutidwa ndi utuchi kapena spruce, ndi kuphimba pamwamba ndi lutrasil kapena spanbond.
Kwa madera ndi kutentha mpaka -40 ° C alipo Zosankha zoterezi: Mzere wa thunthu uyenera kusungidwa ndi lapnik, nthambi ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuchokera pakati mpaka pansi ndi zotetezedwa ndi mabotolo, kuponyera peat pakati pa chitsamba, ndi nthambi ndi nthambi za spruce. Ikani lutrasil pamwamba pa chikhomo ndi kukanikizira pambali ndi miyala kuti ipewe ngati mphepo yamphamvu. Nyumbayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma ndi yapamwamba kwambiri.
N'zosatheka kugubuduza hydrangea ya ligned popanda kuwonongeka, choncho iyenera kukulumikizidwa ndi lutrasil ndikuyikidwa ndi tepi kapena twine. Ikani zitsulo zitsulo kuzungulira chomeracho, chomwe chiyenera kukhala masentimita 15 pamwamba pa chitsamba. Pakati pa galasi ndi chitsamba, lembani masamba owuma ndikuphimba izi ndi pepala lapaulendo kapena filimu. Zima zowonjezera mazira a hydrangea zimakula msinkhu ndipo zaka zingapo sizikhoza kukhala pogona.
Hortensia ndi maluwa okongola omwe amasangalatsa ndi pachimake kwa nthawi yaitali. Chomeracho chimapsa osati zokoma zokha, komanso ndi makungwa osadabwitsa komanso oyambirira a masamba. Ngati mwasankha kubzala chitsamba mu kugwa, ndiye mu kasupe mungathe kuyembekezera maluwa. Hydrangea mu kugwa amafunika kusamalidwa ndi kukonzekera kwa nthawi yaitali chisanu, chifukwa kukula kwake kumadalira mtundu wa zochitika zadzinja, kukula ndi pachimake chaka chamawa.
