Mawu akuti "dzimbiri" kwambiri amagwirizana ndi chitsulo.
Izi zimatchedwanso kuti ndi mtundu wa matenda a fungal a zomera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kuwononga zambiri za zomera, ngati sizikugwirizana nazo.
Kodi dzimbiri loopsa ndi liti?
Kupukuta zomera sikuti kumangowononga maonekedwe a chomera, koma kuwononganso kuchokera mkati. Choyamba, amamenyana ndi masamba, kenako amasunthira ku zimayambira, maluwa ndi zipatso. Chotsatira chake, njira ya photosynthesis ndi kagayidwe ka shuga imasokonezeka, chomera chokhudzidwacho chimakhala ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi, chomwe chimabweretsa tsamba kugwa.
Kutayika kwa masamba kusangoyamba kuchepetsa chitetezo cha zomera, zimapirira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zimachepa mu mbewu za zipatso, ndipo mmaluwa okongoletsa maluwa amakhala ang'onoting'ono ndi ofooka, zomera zimawoneka opsinjika ndi pang'onopang'ono kufa. 
Mafuta ochokera ku tirigu okhudzidwa sadzakhala ndi zofunika pakuphika mkate. Nkhungu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatengedwa ndi mphepo, kupyolera mumlengalenga, ndi madzi, ndipo izi ndizoopsa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mu mitundu iyi ya bowa, mpaka 10 biliyoni spores yakucha nthawi yomweyo, yomwe inafalikira mwamsanga.
Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa
N'zosavuta kudziwa kuti dzimbiri ndi zizindikiro zakunja - ndizokwanira kuyang'ana masamba, ndipo ngati pali zowonongeka ngati mapepala, kuphwanya kumene kumayambitsa dzimbiri, zimatanthawuza kuti chomeracho chikukhudzidwa.
Powder yatulutsa - izi ndizo bowa spores. Ngati matendawa apita patsogolo kwambiri, ndiye kuti ziphuphuzi zimagwirizanitsa ndikupanga mikwingwirima yowopsya, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa mofulumira. Kawirikawiri mawanga ali pamunsi mwa pepala. Nthawi zina bowa sichimakhudza masamba okhaokha, komanso mapesi ndi mapesi, ndipo mapepala amatha kukhala ndi chikasu ndipo amakhala pamwamba pa tsamba. 
Gulu la ngozi
Matendawa angakhudze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera:
- mbewu za tirigu - tirigu, rye, balere, mapira, oats;
- ambiri munda maluwa ndi maluwa, peonies, irises, mallow, carnations, clematis;
- zokongoletsera zokongoletsa ndi zitsamba zamadzi;
- masamba - nkhaka, katsitsumzukwa, kaloti, beets, anyezi;
- mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba - zofiira ndi zakuda currants, mapeyala, maapulo, raspberries, gooseberries.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu zomwe zimalandira kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndi kusamalira bwino zimatha kuthana ndi matendawa okha ndipo ngati matendawa ndi ovuta kupirira.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi dzimbiri pa zomera
Njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa ndi kupewa. Dziko lapansi lozungulira zomera liyenera kukumbidwa m'nyengo yozizira, zomera ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides m'nthawi, makamaka ngati nyengo imakhala yamvula ndi yozizira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Muyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa kubzala msinkhu ndikuwatsitsa nthawi, komanso kugwa, kutsuka ndi kutentha masamba onse ogwa, nthambi ndi zipatso. Koma ngati chomera chikudwala, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kubwereza nthawi yomweyo - lero pali njira zambiri zothana ndi matendawa. Zingakhale zonse mankhwala ndi mankhwala.
Pa mitengo ya zipatso
Koposa zonse, dzimbiri lochokera ku mitengo ya zipatso limakonda mtengo wa apulo ndi peyala, ndipo imatayidwa pa yamatcheri, plums, ndi apricots. Choncho, ngati simumvetsera, mukhoza kutaya munda wonsewo. 
Ngati mukukayikira za phala la peyala, muyenera kufufuza mosamala momwe mungachigwiritsire ntchito, komanso mwamsanga kuti muchite.
Kulimbana ndi bowa kumayamba kugwa, kuchotsa zinyalala ndi kukumba lonse okolostvolny bwalo pa bayonet fosholo. M'chakachi amayang'ana mtengowo, kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kuziwotcha kutali ndi malowa komanso masamba a chaka chatha. Pambuyo pake, konzekerani 7% yankho la urea kapena 10% yankho la ammonium nitrate ndi kuchitira nthaka pansi pa mtengo.
Kenaka, nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi ya kutupa kwa impso, chifukwa panthawi ino akupopera 3% Bordeaux madzi. Pakati pa mphukira imayamba mpaka budding, mankhwala amodzi kapena awiri ndi Azofos kapena Medex fungicides, kapena ndi zina zilizonse zopangira zitsulo kapena sulfure, zikuchitika.
Mankhwalawa ayenera kutsogolo ndipo mwamsanga mutatha maluwa, ndipo zipatso zikayamba kukula. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala amaletsedwa masiku 45-50 asanakolole. Mulimonsemo, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malangizo. Komabe, dzimbiri la peyala ndipo pali njira zodziletsa zomwe sizidzawononge thanzi laumunthu, komanso mbalame ndi tizilombo.
Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chithandizo chokhala ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa abwino a ng'ombe, omwe ali ndi masiku atatu. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 1/3 ya chidebe cha manyowa ndikutsanulira ena ndi madzi, nthawi zonse muzisakaniza kwa masiku atatu, kenaka muzisungunula ndi chidutswa.
Gawo limodzi la slurry limatenga magawo khumi a madzi ndi kutsanulira mitengo madzulo. Bwerezani kamodzi pa masiku khumi. Njirayi idzakhala yodzikweza pamwamba pa nkhuni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chake chikhale cholimba.
Njira zofanana Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa dzimbiri pa masamba a apulo komanso kwa ena okhala mumunda wanu.
Kutaya pa mitengo ya coniferous
Conifers akukhala chinthu chodziwika bwino pa malo okongoletsera malo m'minda ndi mapaki, chifukwa wamaluwa amaganiza kuti safunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Pakalipano, ndiwo omwe amanyamula dzimbiri fodya, zomwe zimagunda ndi zinthu zonse. Kotero, ngakhale pa siteji ya kugula, nkofunika kuyendera bwino mbewu, kuti afotokoze ndi wogulitsa ngati izo zasinthidwa. 
Zisoti pamitengo yowopsa zimakhala ndi mawanga a chikasu kumayambiriro a masika, ndipo atatha kutulutsa spore, bowa limatuluka ndipo zisoti zimakhalanso ndi dzimbiri. Kawirikawiri, spruce, mkungudza, mkungudza ndi thuja amakula m'minda ndi m'mapaki.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito matendawa kwa zomera zonsezi ndi chimodzimodzi, kotero ngati mukudziwa momwe mungachitire, mwachitsanzo, mkungudza kuchokera ku dzimbiri, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuthana ndi zomera zina.
Ngati pa nthambi zina za juniper pali zizindikiro zowoneka za bowa, ndiye nthambi izi ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kudulira, pruner ayenera kumwa mowa, monga zomera zathanzi zidzatengedwera.
Mwamsanga pamene chisanu chimatha kumapeto kwa nyengo, yambani kukonza zomera ndi zokonzekera zomwe zimaperekedwa m'masitolo ogulitsa. Ingotenga mlingo wawiri kuchokera pa omwe amasonyezedwa mu thumba. Lamuloli likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa conifers zonse.Komanso, ndi bwino kuwonjezera pamtengo wapadera wothandizira, kuti kukonzekera kakhalebe pa nthambi nthawi yayitali. Nkhumba zimatha kuteteza fungicides, choncho zimayenera kusinthidwa mankhwala onse awiri.
Pa tchire la mabulosi
Kawirikawiri dzimbiri fungusoni zimayambitsa currants wakuda ndi ofiira, komanso gooseberries.
Mu zomera izi, dzimbiri limatchedwa gobletmonga gawo lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi tsamba limatenga mawonekedwe a galasi. 
Currant ili ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuchokera pakuoneka kwa masamba mpaka kucha kwa zipatso, choncho ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito fungicides. Komabe, mbola ya currant ya currant imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino, mumangodziwa momwe mungachitire nayo molondola.
Kupewa bwino kuli kofanana kukumba nthaka kuzungulira tchire. Ndikofunika kumvetsera: Kodi pali madontho oyandikana nawo pafupi, monga nyengo yotentha pa bowa. Ngati sedge ilipo - dulani mwamsanga ndi kuwotcha. Zitsamba zimatengedwa ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza kamodzi katatu: kutangotha kumene masamba asanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake.
Mungagwiritsenso ntchito mankhwala ophweka: Tengani supuni 1 ya chotsuka chotsuka kapena wothandizira, supuni imodzi ya mafuta aliwonse a masamba, supuni imodzi ya soda, kuthira madzi onse ndi 4.5 malita a madzi ndikuwonjezera aspirin wothira ufa. Njira iyi ikhoza kutsukidwa kabasi kamodzi masiku khumi. 
Zamasamba
Osati mitengo ndi tchire zokha, komanso masamba a mbewu amavutika ndi dzimbiri.
Miyeso yayikulu yochitira nawo izi:
- Pambuyo pa kusinthasintha kwa mbeu - osati kubzala zomera zowonongeka ndi matendawa, pambuyo pa wina ndi mnzake;
- imakumba pansi nyengo yozizira, ndipo m'chaka kuti achotse zotsalira za zomera;
- maudzu wamsongole nthawi;
- Pangani mbewuzo ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena furatsilina;
- Musati muike mabedi a ndiwo zamasamba zosiyana.
Poyamba zizindikiro zowonongeka, mankhwala ayenera kukhala abwino: yankho la ammonia (supuni 3 pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena madzi ndi phula. Koma ngati matendawa ayamba kale, ndiye kuti ndalamazi sizingatheke. Sitingathe kuchita popanda fungicides kapena 1% Bordeaux madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti asayambe kuvulaza thupi, mankhwala onse amaletsedwa mwezi umodzi zipatso zisanathe.
Pa tirigu
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kulima bwino nthaka ndikuchotsa udzu wonse kuti bowa zisakhale ndi nthawi yozizira. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito njirazi zimaphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwa mbeu, kusuntha mbewu zachisanu kuchokera kumbewu ya masika, kutenthetsa mbewu kumalo kapena dzuwa. 
M'minda yayikulu, njere imakonzedwa musanafese, kotero kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chowonongera mbewu. Koma kunyumba, anthu samakonda. Popeza malo obzalidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu, mwatsoka, sikokwanira kuchita popanda njira, timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zina mwa izo, monga "Atlant", "Altazol", "Altrum super" ndi ena.
Pazitsamba zamkati
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa muzitsamba zamkati zingakhale madzi pa otsika kutentha m'nyumba. Choncho, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa izi, makamaka m'dzinja ndi masika, pamene pali mvula kunja, ndipo ndi ozizira m'nyumba. Pofuna kupewa matenda onse, nkofunika kudyetsa mabanja awo obiriwira nthawi, popeza alibe malo oti atenge mchere, ndipo miphika nthaka imatha. 
Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri pamasamba a zinyumba zimadodometsedwa chifukwa chakuti n'zosatheka kuwagwiritsira ntchito m'nyumba. Choncho, ngati chomeracho chikudwala, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchiwononga, komanso kuteteza maluwa abwino kuti asakonkhe ndi madzi ammonia kapena phula.
Ngati mumakhala m'nyumba ndi nyengo yofunda, ndiye kuti mutha kusunga chithunzithunzi chodwala - chotsani chomeracho, chotsani masamba onse omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi mphukira, ndikutsatirani ndi fungicides. Processing ayenera kuchitika 2-3 nthawi ndi yopuma masiku 10. Bzalani m'nyumba nthawi zonse kuti musabweretse.
Choncho, dzimbiri - matenda owopsa ndipo amafuna chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali. Komabe, mukhoza kuichotsa ngati mutachita zowonongeka ndikuonetsetsa kuti mlimi wawo akuweta.
