M'nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso imvula, anthu ambiri a chilimwe amakhudzidwa ndi funsoli: momwe angatetezere mabedi awo ndi nkhaka ku matenda monga powdery mildew. Iyi ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri, komwe, mwatsoka, ambiri wamaluwa amayenera kumenyana. M'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane zomwe powdery mildew ndichifukwa chake zikuwoneka pa nkhake komanso ndi njira zotani zotsutsana nazo.
Kodi powdery mildew ndi owopsa bwanji?
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa zimenezo powdery mildew ndi matenda a fungal. Izi ndizoti zimakhala bwino m'madera ozizira komanso ozizira. Ndizoopsa chifukwa chomera, kupatula kutaya maonekedwe ake okongola, kutayika mphamvu zonse: imasiya kukula ndikuphuka, masamba ake amafota mofulumira, kufota ndi kufa, ndipo zipatso zimatembenuka zakuda ndi kuvunda. 
Ngati nthawiyo siyidziwa ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka, imangoyamba kuthamangira munda wonse, ndipo kupeza ngakhale zochepa zokolola sizikutheka.
Mukudziwa? Pali mayina ena a matendawa, monga "pepelitsa" kapena "bel". Zonsezi zimakhala zofanana ndi bowayi ndi ufa, phulusa kapena chipale chofewa pa masamba obiriwira a zomera.
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe pa nkhaka
Matendawa amapezeka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pamene kutentha kumalowetsa mvula ndi chimfine chozizira. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhaka matendawa adzakhala mawonekedwe oyera kapena achikasu pachimake pamunsi ndi pazitsamba za mphukira.
Komanso pamtunda mumatha kuona mipira yaing'ono ya bulauni (spores). Izi zikadzakula, madontho a chinyezi amakhala pamwamba pa chipika - izi zimatchedwa powdery mildew.
Pakapita nthawi, chipikacho chimakhala cholimba kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi zofiirira. Amatuluka kuchokera m'munsi ndikuukira mbewu yonse - zimayambira, cuttings, maluwa, masamba, zimayambira ndi zipatso. Chomeracho chimakhala chopusa komanso chopweteka. 
Mukudziwa? Mame a mchere ndi bowa wambiri omwe samenyera nkhaka, komanso zomera zambiri, monga mphesa, gooseberries, currants, mapichesi, beets, tirigu, ndi ena ambiri. Otsatsa padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama, kubweretsa mitundu yonse yatsopano ya zomera zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa.
Zotsatira zoletsa
Pali njira zambiri zothana ndi powdery mildew pa nkhaka. Koma chinthu chachikulu - muyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyang'ana bwino kwa zomera kumawonekeratu kachilombo ka nthawi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muli ndi mwayi wambiri wogonjetsa matendawo ndi kusunga mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Mphamvu yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa imadalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matenda. Mukangoyamba kulimbana ndi matendawa, zidzakhala bwino kwambiri.
Kupewa ndi agrotechnical njira
- Chinthu choyamba chomwe mungachite kuti muteteze bowa ili pamabedi anu ndikuwona kasinthasintha kwa mbeu. Ndikofunika kusintha nthawi zonse kuti mubzalitse mbewu zomwezo, popeza nthawi ina m'dera limodzi mwayi wa kubalana kwa mavairasi ndi matenda omwe alipo makamaka pa chomera.
- Kuvala pamwamba ndi fetashi ndi feteleza phosphate kumawonjezera kukana kwa nkhaka ku matendawa.
- M'dzinja lirilonse kuli koyenera kupukuta kwambiri mabedi ndi kuchotsa zonse zatsalira ndi namsongole.
- Pofuna kuteteza powdery mildew pa nkhaka mu greenhouses, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusamalira bwino kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 23-25.
- Mapesi oyambirira ndi mapepala ophimbidwa ndi maluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga ndi kuwotchedwa.
- Kufesa ma hybrids omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi osatetezeka ku kachilomboka kamachepetsa mwayi wanu wodziwa bwino.
Phunzirani momwe mungamerekere nkhaka kunyumba pakhomo ndi mawindo, komanso teknolojia ya kulima m'mabotolo apulasitiki, ndowa ndi matumba.
Mankhwala a anthu
- Imodzi mwa njira zothandizira kwambiri za powdery mildew zimaonedwa kuti ikupopera mbewu za mabedi ogwidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa mullein. Manyowa amadzipatulidwa mmodzi kapena atatu ndi madzi, amaikidwa masiku awiri, akusudzulanso kachiwiri, katatu, osankhidwa ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mungagwiritsenso ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa marigold. Kuti mupange, mukusowa theka la chidebe cha maluwa ophwanyika kuti mubwere madzi otentha kwa masiku awiri. Pambuyo pake, 40-50 g sopo amawonjezeredwa ku kulowetsedwa kodetsedwa ndipo zomera zodwala zimachitidwa.
- Ngongole, yotchedwa decoction, imakhalanso yotchuka kwambiri kwa bowa. Kwa makilogalamu 1 atsopano kapena 100 g ya kavalo wouma mumasowa 10 malita a madzi. Thirani udzu tsiku limodzi, wiritsani kwa maola awiri, ozizira ndi mavuto, okonzeka kuthetsa msuzi mu chiwerengero cha 1: 5. "Mankhwala" amenewa akhoza kusungidwa kwa mlungu umodzi.
- Ngati mukuchepetsa 1.5 g wa potaziyamu permanganate mu 10 malita a madzi, mumapeza chisakanizo chochizira patchy powdery mildew wa nkhaka.
- Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito plain kefir. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ndi kupopera mbewu zomwe zimadwala.
- Mu lita imodzi ya madzi akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi soda phulusa ndi sopo mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1. Zotsatira zake zimatha kupopedwa pa zomwe zimayambira zimayambira.
- 150 g wa phulusa - madzi okwanira ndi sopo pang'ono. Patsani yankho kwa masiku awiri, kukanika ndi kuthirira nkhaka zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.
Biofungicides
Posankha momwe angachotsere powdery mildew pamabedi awo, ambiri amasankha njira yogwiritsira ntchito biofungicides. Izi ndizokonzekera zowonongeka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi bowa. Kukayikira kwawo komweku ndi kotetezeka komanso kosakhala poizoni. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale panthawi yopangidwa chipatso, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa matenda a masamba monga nkhaka.
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri ndi: Planriz, Gamair, Fitosporin-M, Pseudobacterin-2, Alirin. Angagulidwe pazipinda zapadera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.
Mankhwala
Komabe yothandiza kwambiri komanso yokhulupirika mankhwala kuchokera powdery mildew, fungicides amakhala. Awa ndiwo mankhwala omwe amapha bowa popanda kuwononga chomera.
The "Topaz" yotchuka kwambiri imatanthawuza za mtundu umenewu wa ndalama ndipo ndi yothandiza kwambiri. "Readzim", "Learnzol", "Tiovit", "Skor", "Bayleton", "Kvadris", "Topsin", "Titl" ndi ena - mankhwala onsewa ndi mafakitale amakono komanso akulimbana ndi matendawa. pa nkhaka.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhani ya kuswana kwa mitundu ndi zinyama za zomera zosayenerera powdery mildew, panthawiyi ndizofunikira kwambiri, ngati zochitika za nkhungu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito poizoni zimakhala zofala.
Ndizo njira zodziwika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito kachilombo kofala kwambiri. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu inakuthandizani kumvetsa bwino lomwe za powdery mildew, zomwe ndizoopsa kwa nkhaka, komanso zimakupatsani malingaliro angapo atsopano kuti muthane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
