Echeveria: Maupangiri Akasamalidwe Kanyumba

Echeveria ndi gulu la osatha mankhwala a herbaceous ochokera ku banja la Crassulaceae. Pali mitundu yopitilira 170 yamtunduwu. Itha kupezeka ku Mexico, USA, South America.

Kufotokozera kwa echeveria

Masamba amakhala ophatikizika, amtundu, owutsa mudyo, omwe amaphatikizidwa mu rosettes 3-40 masentimita. Colour ndi wobiriwira, wofiyira, wa pinki. Mapulogalamu amapangidwa ndi pubescent kapena ndi sera wokutira. Mwa mitundu ina, tsinde kulibe, ena amalilunga.

Maluwa ndi ang'ono, asanu, kukumbukira, belu lokhala ndi miyala yayikulu komanso manda. Pali mithunzi yosiyanasiyana: chikasu, kofiirira, malalanje owopsa. Wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence yowongoka yomwe ili pamayendedwe ofikira mpaka 50 cm. Mapeto awo, mapangidwe a mwana amayamba. Dongosolo lamizu ndiwokongola, makanema. Mitundu ina imapereka mphukira zokwawa.

Echeveria ndi ofanana ndi achichepere, koma osasokoneza. Chomera choyamba sichilola kutentha pang'ono, makamaka chisanu. Mu Mzere wathu, ilo limakulidwa kokha ngati duwa lachipinda. Achinyamata, kumbali ina, amadikirira bwino panja yozizira, ngakhale osabisala.

Mitundu ya Echeveria

Zosiyanasiyana zakukulira nyumba:

Zosiyanasiyana	Zimayambira / Zolemba	Masamba	Maluwa / maluwa
Agave	Kufupikitsidwa. Makulidwe ndi ozungulira.	Pansi panakulitsidwa, kupendekera pakati. Zofewa emerald hue. Malekezero ake ndi obiriwira achikasu ndi utoto wonyezimira wamtambo.	Belo yachikasu kapena lofiirira. Masika ndi chilimwe.
Tsitsi loyera	Kufupikitsidwa. Kufikira 15 cm.	Lanceolate, oblong. Mbali yakunja ndi yopyapyala, yamkati ndi yopindika. Mtundu wa Emaroni wokhala ndi chimdima chakuda komanso yoyera yoyera.	Tsitsi lofiirira pamiyendo yotalikilapo. Kasupe
Wanzeru	Wamefuka. Kuchokera ku mphukira zazikulu za dongosolo la 2 zimatuluka.	Oval-oblong yokhala ndi kachisumbu kotsiriza. Mtundu wobiriwira komanso kukhudza kuzungulira.	Scarlet, 1-2 cm mulifupi. Mapeto a dzinja ndi kuyamba kwa masika.
Humpalaceae Metallica	Osakhala odziletsa, opunduka. Ndi masamba 15-20.	Lanceolate, yomaliza. Dera lakunja ndilopindika, ndi chopindika chamkati. Mphepete ndi wavy. Choyera kuchokera ku imvi-buluu-kubiriwira mpaka imvi-imaso ndi mawonekedwe.	Mabelu ofiira, ofikira mpaka 2 cm. Mwezi wotsiriza wa chilimwe.
Derenberg	Wopindika, zokwawa. Fomu yoyenera.	Fosholo, yobiriwira yopanda malire kapena yoyera.	Mabelu achiwongola chikasu pamayendedwe. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni.
Zabwino	Adakwanitsidwa. Makulidwe.	Yakulungidwa, yokhala ndi malekezero owongoka, ndiwobiriwira wopepuka kapena wokutira labirira.	Pinki, wokhala ndi nsonga yachikasu pamatayala opindika. Meyi
Wokhazikika	Kufupikitsidwa, udzu. Masulani.	Okulira, amtundu. Zobiriwira zokhala ndi silvery villi, zonyezimira kumapeto.	Wotuwa, wachikasu kwambiri, masentimita 1-2. Theka loyamba la Marichi.
Picoca	Mwachidule, molunjika. Zotentha.	Choyera chowombera, chokhala ndi malekezero ake, amtundu wamtambo wobiriwira.	Ofiira, omwe amakhala pamiyendo yoyenda pansi. Meyi - Juni.
Shaviana	Grassy, idakulitsidwa. Kusindikizidwa, mawonekedwe okhazikika.	Lathyathyathya, chowoloweka, chomaliza.	Pinki, yokhala pamiyendo yolunjika, yopindika. Juni
Bristly	Pafupifupi palibe. Kusindikizidwa.	Lanceolate, minofu. Wopakidwa utoto wonyezimira bwino. Mbaleyo imakhala ndi burovala wonyezimira ngati siliva.	Zocheperako, mpaka 1 cm. Wophatikizidwa ndi inflorescence 30-40 cm. Kuyamba kwa chilimwe.
Kukhumba	Kutalika, kukugwa. Chomveka, mpaka 10 cm.	Kukula kakang'ono, kwamtambo.	Chikasu pambali mivi. Chilimwe
Lau	Mwachidule kapena kulibe. Zambiri.	Wamtundu, wowonda, yoyera bii.	Pinki wakuda, wophatikizidwa mu inflorescence. Epulo - Meyi.
Kalonga wakuda	Zosaoneka. Waphikidwe, wandiweyani.	Wobiriwira wakuda ndi wautali wokhala ndi malekezero.	Chofiyira, chophatikizidwa mu kanjira. Mapeto a chilimwe.
Ngale ya Nuremberg	Kukhazikika, kakafupi. Wonenepa, wamkulu 10-20 cm.	Wamtali komanso wonenepa, wokhala ndi duwa lofiirira.	Chofiyira. Chilimwe
Miranda	Sapezeka. Ang'ono, oyera, mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi lotus.	Buluu, utoto, siliva, chikaso, pinki.	Kutentha kwa pinki. Masika ndi chilimwe.

Kusamalira echeveria kunyumba

Echeveria ndi chomera chosazindikira, chozika mizu m'nyumba. Kusamalira maluwa nyengo kunyumba:

Parameti	Kasupe / chilimwe	Kugwa / yozizira
Kutentha	+ 22 ... +27 ° С.	Kupumula - + 10 ... +15 ° С. Pomwe maluwa - osatsika kuposa +18 ° C.
Chinyezi	Mukufuna mpweya wouma, osapopera.
Kuthirira	Pomwe pamwamba pake pamawuma.	Kamodzi pamwezi. Ndi kupumula kwa dzinja - kokha ndi makwinya masamba.
Kuwala	Zowongolera ma ultraviolet.
Mavalidwe apamwamba	Kamodzi pamwezi.	Zosafunika.

Tikufika

Olima ena amalimbikitsa kuti chomera chizichotsa chomera pompopera, monga nthaka momwemo imapangidwira kuti pakhale echeveria. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ngati duwa ndi mwezi m'dziko loterolo, palibe chomwe chimachitika. Osatengera izi, ma suppulents adzapitilizidwa, kuzolowera zinthu zatsopano. Kuti muchite izi, ziyikeni m'malo otetezeka kuti ziume mosavuta, mawonekedwe a mlengalenga asanaoneke.

Gawo laling'ono limapangidwa ndi zigawo zotsatirazi m'magawo a 3: 1: 1: 0,5:

munda wamunda;
nsapato;
peat;
makala.

Mutha kugula dothi la cacti ndi ma suppulents, kusakaniza ndi miyala yaying'ono 4 mpaka 1. Mukakonza gawo laling'ono, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyese kuyesa: kupinikiza dothi lonyowa, lisitekedwe, liyenera kutha.

Mphika umafunika masentimita 1-1.5 kuposa momwe unalili kale. Chotapira chimakhala ndi mizu yopanda tanthauzo, kotero chotengera chotengera koma chosachepera chokhala ndimabowo for drainage ndichofunika.

Mukabzala zinthu zazing'ono, ndikofunikira kuti zibzalidwe m'magalasi kuti zikule. Tango titha kulimba, timatha kusunthidwa kumaphika osatha. Zotengera zazikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika nthawi zingapo za echeveria nthawi imodzi. Tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala kuti madzi akayenda asachitike.

Kufika pang'onopang'ono:

Ikani ngalande yokhala ndi masentimita awiri.
Thirani gawo laling'ono, ikani maluwa.
Onjezani dothi pamizu ya khosi.

Pamiyala yoyera:

1/3 mumphika mudzaze miyala.
Ikani chitsamba mmenemo.
Phimbani malo omwe atsalira ndi miyala yotsala.

Kukula kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, miyala idzakulanso.

Zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimayenera kuziwitsidwa kamodzi pachaka. Akuluakulu - monga zofunika, ndi kukula kwa mizu kapena kuwonongeka kwa matenda, tizirombo.

Kuswana

Echeveria wosangalatsa:

masamba odulidwa;
apical ndi basal mphukira;
kawirikawiri mbewu, chifukwa ndi ntchito yovuta.

Njira yoyamba yolera ndi motere:

Patulani masamba apansi. Limbani kwa maola awiri.
Kanikizani pansi motsetsereka pang'ono.
Utsi, kuphimba ndi polyethylene.
Chokani pafupifupi +25 ° C. Yeretsani malo ogona tsiku ndi tsiku, pukutsani matumphu.
Pakatha milungu iwiri, malo ogulitsanso achinyamata amakula. Pamene tsamba lobzala limuma, ndikasendeza mphukira.

Kubzala masamba oyambira kapena apical:

Dulani mphukira, chotsani masamba am'munsi a 3-4, ndichokeni pamalo amdima kwa maola angapo.
Thirani gawo lapansi mumphika, ndikanikani zigawo m'menemo, limbikirani.
Sungani pa + 22 ... +24 ° C, madzi tsiku lililonse.
Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, zimatha kuikidwa mu zigawo zingapo. Ngati mbewuyo ikukula pang'onopang'ono, ndibwino kuchedwetsa kayendedwe mpaka kasupe.

Kubzala Mbeu:

Mu February-Marichi, wogawana padziko.
Moisten, kuphimba ndi galasi.
Sungani pa + 20 ... +25 ° C, madzi ndi mpweya wabwino.
Pambuyo pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, ndikulitsani mphukira muzotengera zazing'ono. Pamene tchire lifika 3 cm, lisunthikeni mumaphika osatha.

Mavuto mu kukula kwa echeveria

Pokhala ndi zolakwa posamalira, Echeveria imataya zokongoletsera zake kapena kufa. Zoyambitsa mavuto ndi mayankho:

Zizindikiro	Zifukwa	Chithandizo
Mawonekedwe amtundu, kuphwanya kwa ating kuyamwa kwanyumba.	chithandizo choyipa; madzi pa masamba.	musakhudze masamba kuti musawononge sera. Madzi mosamala kuti madzi asadzaze madziwo.
Chitsamba ndi chosalimba, khalani ndi imvi kapena mtundu wakuda.	Chinyezi chambiri komanso kuzizira.	kuchepetsa kuthirira; konzanso m'chipinda chofunda + 25 ... +28 ° C.
Chitsulo chamasulidwa. Masamba afota.	Kupanda kuwala.	Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani kuchuluka kwa kuwunikira. Ngati chitha mwadzidzidzi, chitsamba chitha kupsinjika ndi kudwala.
Maluwa amakula pang'onopang'ono, masamba ang'ono.	madzi pang'ono; dothi losauka, feteleza wosakwanira.	onjezerani kuthirira, koma osayiwala kuti chinyezi chowonjezera chimavulanso, komanso kupukuta dothi; ndikulowetsa mu gawo lama michere, chakudya chapanthawi yake.
Mapulogalamu ndi zitsulo ndizotumphuka, zowuma.	Dothi silinyowa mu kutentha.	konzanso mphika pamalo abwino; kuthirira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo ta Echeveria

Echeveria imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.

Matenda / tizilombo	Zizindikiro	Njira zochotsera
Mealybug	Kukhalapo kwa oyera-oyera fluff, ofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje, pamtengo ndi malo ogulitsira. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, amadyera adzafota ndikugwa.	Patulani chitsamba pazomera zonse. Sungani tizilombo ndi dzanja. Pukutani maluwa ndi sopo wothira sopo (15 g wa tchipisi totsuka ndi 20 ml ya mowa wa ethyl). Pakawonongeka zazing'ono, konzekerani kulowetsedwa: kutsanulira 50 g a mivi ya adyo mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha. Chokani tsiku limodzi. Utsi ndi njira ya echeveria, gawo lapansi, poto. Valani mwamphamvu ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikusiya kwa masiku awiri. Kusintha katatu, ndi gawo la masiku 5-7. Gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera kwa tizirombo: Actellik, Actara, ndi zina. Tsatirani zomveka bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusinthanitsa ziphe kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisawakhudze.
Muzu wa mphutsi	Tizilombo timayamwa madziwo kuchokera kumizu. Madyera amatembenuka, kutembenukira chikasu, kufota. Thunzi lofiirira lomwe limakhala loyera limawonekera m'mphepete mwa mphikawo. Mutha kuzindikira tizirombo pobereka.	Pitani ku dothi latsopano, kutaya akale. Sambani ndikuphika mphika. Samizani nthaka yatsopano, muzitsuka mizu ndi madzi otentha. Kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Fitoverm, Confidor ndi ena. Tsatirani dongosolo la kuthirira. Kamodzi pamasabata anayi alionse onjezerani madzi kumadzi mu concentration (Mospilan, Regent ndi ena) m'madzi.
Gall nematode	Awa ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono zomwe zimayamwa juisi kuchokera ku ma rhizomes. Chifukwa cha izi, kutupira kumawoneka pamenepo, pomwe tizilombo timagwira ntchito yake yofunika. Ndi zowonongeka kwambiri, mizu imafa, chitsamba chimafa.
Zovunda	Mizu, zimayambira, masamba ndi otayirira, ofewa, akuda. Mtundu wobiriwira umakhala wocheperako, wachikasu, ukugwa. Zotsatira zake, chitsamba chimafa.	Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mbewuyo imayenera kuwonongeka. Ndi kufalikira kochepa kwa matendawa, kumuika mwadzidzidzi kungathandize. Lambulani mizu mu Bordeaux madzimadzi, HOMA ndi njira zina zothetsera mafangayi. Samizani mphika ndi dothi musanadzalemo. Dulani madera omwe akhudzidwa, gwiritsani ntchito zowonongeka ndi makala kapena sulufule. Pukuta chitsamba kwa maola angapo ndikubzala kachiwiri. Mukachotsa matendawa, pitilizani mankhwala ndi 0,5% fungosis kwa mwezi umodzi.