Peperomia ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zosatha za banja la tsabola. Dzina lomwe la peperomia limakamba za ubale: pepero - tsabola, omos - zofanana.
Kufotokozera
Peperomia ndi chomera chamtundu wa hercaceous chotalika 15 cm mpaka theka mita ndi masamba ofunda. Mitundu ya masamba imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima kapena mawanga, komanso popanda iyo. Peperomia pachimake mu kasupe - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kumapeto kwa maluwa zipatso zazing'ono zopangidwa zimapangidwa.
Mitunduyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri: malinga ndi malipoti ena, imaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 1,500. Oyimira kuthengo m'chilengedwe amakula mumthunzi wa nkhalango zotentha za America ndi Asia.
Mitundu ya Peperomia
Peperomia ndi chomera chopanda, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo zovuta komanso okongoletsa amayamikiridwa kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ndi mitundu.
Wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo:
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Makwinya (makwinya) | Chomera chaching'ono cholimba (chimakula mpaka 10 cm) chokhala ndi masamba velvet pamitima ya mtima. Amakwinya, ali ndi mitsempha yofiirira mbali zonse ziwiri. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofiira. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Lillian caperata. |
| Chivwende (siliva) | Chomera chomwe chilibe pafupi. Masamba ofiira amamangidwa pazitali zazitali (10-12 cm). Mtunduwo ndiwobiliwira ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka, imafanana ndi mitundu ya mavwende, pomwe duwa lidatchedwa dzina lachiwiri. |
| Chitani | Chomera mpaka 30cm kutalika, ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, amtundu, osalala komanso wandiweyani. Kodi sikuti pachimake. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: mosagate, alba. Pakati pawo amasiyana mitundu. |
| Velvety | Imakula mpaka masentimita 50. Thupi lamtundu wamtundu wakuda limasiyanso nthawi zambiri. Mawonekedwe ake ali odutsa, opaka ndi misempha yopepuka. |
| Ozungulira-leved (monolithic, rotundifolia) | Mitundu yaing'ono ya Ampel. Mphukira zowoneka za utoto wonyezimira zimakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ozungulira amtundu wowala wobiriwira. Mtunduwu ulibe nthawi yopuma muzungulira. |
| Monga Club | Tchire lalitali. Mbali: Mtundu wowala wamasamba. Pakatikati pake ndi zobiriwira zakuda, pafupi m'mphepete utoto ungakhale wofiira, wa pinki, wachikasu kapena wofiirira. |
| Zopanda | Chomera cha Ampel chokhala ndi masamba olimba. Masamba ndi achikopa, zobiriwira zakuda. |
| Tsamba la Magnolia | Amatchedwa chifukwa chofanana ndi masamba omwe ali ndi magnolia. Mitengo yofiyira ya pinki imafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 40. M'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, masamba amakhala ndi m'maso achikaso owoneka bwino. |
| Chisel (dolabriformis) | Chomera chotsika (mpaka theka la mita) chokhala ndi masamba osawoneka bwino ofanana ndi nyemba zosankhika. Thunthu ndi masamba ake ndiwowoneka bwino. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri: nyemba zosangalala, ferreira, nivalis. |
| Zokwawa (Prostratum, zokwawa, Skandens) | Epiphytus. Masamba ndi ang'ono, ozunguliridwa, okhala pamtundu wofupikitsa. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wakuda komanso m'mphepete. |
| Mutu (glabella) | Mawonekedwe Ampelic. Kucheka kapena kuwononga mphukira mpaka 20 cm, yokutidwa ndi masamba ozungulira amtundu wowala wobiriwira. |
| Rosso | Chitsamba chotsika, chotsika. Kodi sikuti pachimake. Tsamba limakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana: pamwamba pa tsamba la masamba, utoto ndiwobiliwira, ndipo pansi - burgundy. |
| Anadandaula | Zowoneka bwino, zowoneka bwino. Imatsitsa ndi masamba akulu amtundu wobiriwira. Kuthamanga masamba ndi whorl. |
| Imvi | Mwachilengedwe, limamera pamiyala ku Brazil. Masamba abwino amakhala okutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono lasiliva. |
| Mphamvu yokoka | Chomera chotsika chokhala ndi masamba owala. Pansi pake pali burgundy, pamwamba ndi wobiriwira. Zabwino. |
| Masamba angapo (polybotry, reindrop) | Mtundu wachilendo, masamba amawoneka ngati maluwa amadzi. Bush kutalika kuchokera 20 mpaka 50 cm. |
Posachedwa, Peperomia Remix wawonekera m'masitolo az maluwa. Izi sizosiyanasiyana, koma mtundu waung'ono wofesedwa mumtsuko umodzi.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za chisamaliro cha peperomia kunyumba
Peperomia ndi chosasangalatsa, koma ayenera kukumbukira:
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda kuwala, zobiriwira bwino zobiriwira bwino kuposa mumthunzi kapena pansi pazowunikira. Mtundu wa tsamba limasokoneza, peperomia limakonda mthunzi.
- Mitundu yonse (kupatula fleecy) monga chinyezi chakwera cha pafupifupi 50%.
- Kukonzekera kosavomerezeka bwino.
- Chimakula bwino m'khichini.
- Chifukwa cha kutengera kwa mizu kuti ivunde, simungathe kuthilira madzi poto.
Kusamalira nyengo: tebulo
| Magawo | Chilimwe cha masika | Kugwa nthawi yachisanu |
| Malo | Zenera loyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Pamafunika kuti mutetezedwe ndi dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kukonzedwanso kumawindo akumwera, apo ayi adzapweteka chifukwa chosowa kuwala. | |
| Kutentha | +20 ... +24 ° C | + 18 ... +20 ° C |
| Kuwala | Kutengera chomera. | |
| Kuthirira | Pang'ono pang'ono, yang'anani pa kuyanika dothi. | |
| Feteleza | 2 pa mwezi | Kamodzi pamwezi |
Zomera sizigwirizana ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Ngati mphika wayimirira pazenera, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira ndibwino kuyika heater pansi pake.
Ngakhale idakhala yotentha, peperomia siimakakamira kupopera. Nthawi zambiri amafunikira kokha nyengo yotentha. Mitundu yokhala ndi masamba ofiirira ngati kupukuta ndi disc yonyowa.
Zofunikira zadothi, kuthira manyowa
Kuvuta kwa chisamaliro chakunyumba kuli posankha dothi. Nthawi zambiri, nyimbo zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peperomia. Maziko a kalasi iliyonse azikhala dongo lapansi. Zomwe nthaka ikupangira siyenera kukhala yopanda mbali, yoyenera kusakanikirana ndi fikoko kapena kanjedza. Chinyezi chimakhala chochepa kapena chosalowerera.
Kwa peperomia, osakaniza nthaka ayenera kupuma komanso kumasuka. Mitundu ina imabzalidwe bwino mu hydroponics.
Ndikokwanira kuphatikiza masabata awiri aliwonse nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe komanso kamodzi pamwezi nthawi yozizira. Feteleza aliyense ali woyenera, pomwe mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 2 zina. Mizu ya Peperomia ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuvala kwapamwamba kumangoyambitsidwa kokha ndi kuthirira koyambirira.
Kuthirira
Chomera chimasinthidwa kuti chikhale ndi moyo ndi chinyezi chochepa, kotero kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo. Muyenera kuyang'ana momwe dothi lilili, madzi okha ndi lowuma pamwamba (osachepera 3 cm). M'chilimwe zimakhala pafupifupi nthawi 1 m'masiku 10 nthawi yozizira, nthawi 1 m'masabata 2-3. Madzi azikhala ofewa komanso otentha kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda. Pakapita kanthawi, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi owonjezera kuchokera pachimpumpocho.
Thirani
Kukula kwa kupatsirana kumadalira zaka ndi mtundu. Chaka chilichonse, mbewu zazing'ono zokha mpaka zaka 3. Achikulire - osapitiliza kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ochepera - kamodzi pachaka. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri ndi masika.
Kuchokera peperomia ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi yakwana yoti ikasinthidwe: chomera chimasiya kukula, ndipo mizu imakula kudzera m'maenje okuya.
Dongosolo la duwa ili laling'ono, kotero poto ndiyoyenera kusankha yaying'ono. Chidebe chatsopanocho chimayenera kupitilira mainchesi akale pofika nthawi 1.5. Popeza mizu ya peperomia imakula pang'onopang'ono, poto yayikulu kwambiri siyabwino. Poika zinthu zina, ndikofunikira kuperekera madzi abwino. Danga losachepera masentimita 6. Pambuyo pogwira chidebecho kwa masabata awiri mthunzi wocheperako. Zomera zikachoka, zibwezereni pamalo ake.
Kuswana
Kubeleranso kwa mbewuyi kumachitika motere:
- opatsa (obala);
- kudula;
- kulekanitsa chitsamba pa kumuika.
Njira yopanga
Kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa. Mbeu zokhwima zimasungidwa m'malo ozizira amdima mpaka masika. Ndondomeko
- kukonza nthaka (chisakanizo cha mchenga wozungulira ndi gawo lapadziko lonse);
- ikani dothi mumtsuko wosaya, wokhetsedwa;
- kufalitsa mbewuzo pansi ndikuwaza ndi danga laling'ono lapansi;
- kuphimba ndi galasi kapena kanema ndi malo pamalo owala, otentha. Ngati ndi kotheka, perekani kutentha;
- mpweya tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 5;
- mukayimitsa nthaka kuti isalaze;
- popanga masamba awiri akulu kuti mubzale.
Kudula
Kudula kumatha kukhala kwamasamba komanso kuchokera pa tsinde. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti mbewu imaphuka nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Mukamasankha chogwirizira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa kukhalapo kwa kukula kwa malo, pomwe alipo ambiri, ndizotheka mwayi wokuza mizu.
Chofunika: Pofalitsa, ngakhale tsamba lochokera kwa chomera chomera ndiloyenera.
Kudula kumayikidwa m'madzi ofunda kapena mchenga wonyowa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito madzi, phesi limamizidwa osaposa 3-5 mm, apo ayi kuwola kumayamba. Kuti muchepetse njirayi, chidebe chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Pafupifupi, zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi kuti muzu. 
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Kugawanitsa
Chitsamba chimagawika pokhapokha ndi chomera chomukonzera. Mchitidwewo ndi wofanana ndi nthawi zonse, magawano azigawo okha ndi omwe amawonjezeredwa. Izi zimachitika bwino ndi mpeni wakuthwa, kudula zigawo ndi makala.
Tizilombo ndi zolakwika pakukula peperomia
| Zizindikiro zakunja pamasamba | Chifukwa | Njira zochizira |
| Maonekedwe a bulauni mawanga, chikaso. | Feteleza zochuluka. | Ikani ndikusintha kwathunthu kwa dothi. |
| Mphepete zakuda. | Kutentha kochepa kapena kukonzekera. | Sinthani kumalo abwino. |
| Zopepuka. | Kuwala kochuluka. | Mimitsani kapena pitani kwina. |
| Kukula pansi. | Kukula. | Thirani ndi nthaka yonse. |
| Chomera chofiyira bwino. | Kuwaza mizu. | Ikani mu dothi latsopano ndi chithandizo choyambirira cha mizu (muzimutsuka, chotsani malo owonongeka, zinthu ndi makala). |
| Kupindika, kuchepa kwa msika wogulidwa kale. | Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. | Matendawa samachiritsidwa. |
| Ukonde wa kangaude | Mafunso | Kuchitira ndi tizilombo, kuwonjezera chinyezi. |
| Zovala zoyera. | Chuno. | Pukutani malo owonongeka ndi poto ya thonje kumayikidwa mu mowa. Sinthani nthaka. |
| Kugwa. | Kutsirira. | Sinthani dongosolo la kuthirira. |
| Kugwa nthawi yachisanu. | Kutentha kochepa | Sunthani duwa pamalo otentha, tsitsani mphika. |
| Maonekedwe a tsamba lakufa, lotupa pamizu. | Nematode. | Kusamba kwamadzi otentha kwa mphindi 30 (+40 ° C); kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
| Zomera zazingwe (komanso pa tsinde). | Chotchinga. | Chithandizo ndi soapy mowa kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo. |
A Dachnik akufotokoza: maubwino kapena zovulaza za peperomia
Maluwa si okongola okha, komanso othandiza. Masamba ake amatulutsa chinthu chapadera chomwe chimapha streptococci ndi staphylococci. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti ngati ilipo mchipindamo, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya m'mlengalenga kumatsitsidwa ndi 50-70%, komwe kumakhala kofunika kwambiri mzipinda za ana. Ndipo malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, peperomia ndi "maluwa achikondi", amachititsa kuti anthu azifuna kusamalira okondedwa awo ndikuwateteza. Pali chizindikiro chotsimikizika: peperomia adawonekera mnyumbayo - dikirani kusintha kwamoyo.
