Mwinamwake palibe munda wina yemwe sadziwa bwino maapulo osiyanasiyana monga "Pepin Safironi." Ambiri wamaluwa ndi okonda zipatso amangofuna zokometsera izi ngati zokongola kwambiri, zonunkhira, zokoma, zokoma ndi zosakanikirana, chifukwa zipatso zake mwanjira iliyonse zimakhala ndi kukoma kosatheka. Ngati mwasankha kubzala m'munda wanu mitengo ya apulo "Pepin Safff", nkhani yathu idzakhala yothandiza kwa inu. Momwemo tidzakhala tikudziwitsanso bwino zosiyana siyanazi, tipeze zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zipatso zonsezi, kuyeza ubwino ndi kuthetsa kukula kwa maapulo mu nyumba yathu, ndikuwonetsanso zinsinsi zobzala ndi kusamalira mbewu zawo.
Mbiri yobereka
Pokumbukira mbiriyakale ya kulengedwa kwa mitunduyi, ndiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa wasayansi breeder I. V. Michurin. Ndiye yemwe mu 1907 anabwera ndi mitundu yodabwitsa, yomwe kenako inadzatchedwa "Pepin Saffron" ndipo inadziwika ngati imodzi mwa zoyesayesa zabwino kwambiri za wasayansi wamkulu. Mitundu ya maapuloyi inkawoneka mwa kudutsa malire "Pepinki Lithuanian" ndi "Chinese Golden" ndi zosiyanasiyana Renet Orleans. 
Masiku ano, mitengo ya apulo imakula m'madera onse a dziko lathu, komanso m'mayiko a CIS.
Mukudziwa? I. V. Michurin analangiza kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri poyeretsa. Ndipo ndikuganiza. Pogwiritsa ntchito mitunduyi, mitundu yoposa 20 ya maapulo inalengedwa, kuphatikizapo Nkhunda ya Altai, Ubwenzi wa Anthu ndi Chimwemwe cha Autumn.
Zamoyo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane momwe Pepin Saffron amawonekera mtengo, pansipa mudzapeza ndondomeko, komanso zithunzi za mitengo ndi zipatso zokha.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mitengo imakula kukula kwakukulu. Ali ndi korona wobiriwira, yovuta kwambiri, yowongoka. Mawanga ndi mphukira ndizitali komanso zoonda, zofiira, zomwe zimasiyidwa. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, ovunda, ndi nsonga yachitsulo. Zili zobiriwira, koma chifukwa cha pubescence wamphamvu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wa silvery.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Zipatso ndizo zimapindulitsa kwambiri mitengo iyi ya apulo. Chokoma, chokoma, chamadzimadzi, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe ali ozungulira. Kulemera kwake kwa apulo umodzi kumakhala 80 mpaka 140 g.Khunguli ndi losalala, lowala, lofiirira, ndi lofiira kwambiri lofiira kwambiri lomwe mungathe kuona madontho ang'onoang'ono oyera. 
Mnofu wa maapulo uli ndi dothi lakuda, lopweteka, losakhwima komanso mtundu wobiriwira wa matte. Ali ndi kukoma kokoma kwambiri ndi zonunkhira. Tsinde ndi lochepa kwambiri ndipo limasintha.
Kuwongolera
Apple zosiyanasiyana "Pepin Saffron" amatanthauza wodzipaka okha mitundu. Komabe, kuti muwonjezere zokolola, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yosiyanasiyana monga "Slavyanka", "Antonovka", "Welsey" ndi "Calvil Snow".
Nthawi yogonana
Safire ya Pepin ndi yozizira (ndipo ngakhale yozizira) zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zokolola zimayamba mu September ndi October. Maapulo okhwima mokwanira akhoza kuonedwa ngati mwezi ndi theka mutatha kukolola. Izi ndizo, kukula kwa msinkhu wawo kumabwera m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yoyamba Pepini safironi imayambira mtengo ukuyamba kufalitsa ndi mochedwa - zaka 5-7 mutabzala.
Pereka
Kalasi iyi chochuluka kwambiri. Nthawi yokolola imatenga miyezi iwiri - September ndi Oktobala - ndipo imaonetsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi: Kuchokera ku mitengo yaing'ono (mpaka zaka 10), makilogalamu 75 a maapulo amakololedwa pa nyengo, ndipo makilogalamu okwana 200 a maapulo oyera akhoza kukololedwa ku maapulo omwe atha kale zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. zatsopano, zokolola zathanzi. Mlanduwu unalembedwa pamene, mumzinda wa Orel, wokhala ndi mtengo wa apulo wazaka 50, "Pepin Saffron", mu chaka unatha kupeza ma kilo mazana anai a maapulo. 
Frost kukana
Chifukwa cha kugawidwa kwa "Chinese Gold" pakupangidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ili ndi chisanu chabwino cha chisanu. Safi yamoto yofiira akhoza kokha mu chisanu pakatikati.
Koma chodziwikiratu chapamwamba chokhazikitsira mitengoyi chimapereka iwo kukonzanso kwathunthu ndi zokolola zambiri kale mufupikitsa nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu ya Apple yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zofiira m'munda wanu: "Champion", "Cinnamon", "Berkutovskoe", "Mtengo", "Sun", "Zhigulevskoe", "Medunitsa", "Silver Hoof", "Orlik", " , "Dream", "Gloucester".
Kusungirako ndi kuyendetsa
Maapulo "Safironi ya Pepina" amasiyanitsidwa ndi moyo wawo wautali wautali poyerekeza ndi achibale awo ena. Kwa izi zosiyanasiyana, ndi masiku 223.
Amasunga mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe awo ndi maonekedwe awo mpaka March (ngakhale ngakhale April). Ndipo chifukwa cha khungu lake lamphamvu komanso lachangu, zimakhala zabwino kwambiri chifukwa choyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Ndibwino kusunga zokolola m'mabokosi a matabwa kapena mapulasitiki, osiyana wina ndi mzake ndi pepala kapena pepala lofufuzira, kutentha kuyambira 0 mpaka 2 ° C. 
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Mitundu yambiri ya maapulo ndi yovuta kwambiri ku matenda, koma zofooka zake ndi nkhanambo ndi matenda a fungal. M'chaka chamvula, eni mitengoyi ayenera kusamala kuteteza ziweto zawo zolimbana ndi mliriwu kuti asunge zokololazo.
Pochita izi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga mkuwa sulphate ndi sulfure. Safron ya Pepin imatsutsana kwambiri ndi njenjete.
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavitamini ndi tinctures, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito kavalo kapena tsabola wofiira.
Mukudziwa? Maapulo awa adzakhala okongola ndi oyambirira a Mtengo Watsopano wa Chaka. Ndi maonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo amafanana ndi mipira yamoto, yachikasu ndikumangiriza bwino chithunzi chokongola cha kukongola kwa Chaka Chatsopano.
Ntchito
Mtengo wa Apple "Pepin Saffron" umapereka malingaliro abwino zokhudzana ndi zokolola zake, chifukwa zimapatsa chipatso cha chilengedwe chonse. Kuwonjezera apo, maapulo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi okoma mu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira, iwo ndi angwiro kupanga mapiritsi, compotes, jams, juices ndi zipatso purees, kupanikizana, marmalade, mitundu yonse ya zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso.
Zimapangitsa kuyanika kofiira. Maapulo awa ndi okoma kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a chonyowa.
Ngati muli ndi mahwindo aakulu m'nyumba mwanu, mungathe kusunga mazira apulo pozizira.
Zonse zabwino ndi zamwano
Asanayambe kukhala ndi apulo wa zosiyanasiyana, ndibwino kuyeza ubwino ndi kuipa konse.
Zotsatira
- Nthawi zonse fruiting.
- Zokolola zazikulu.
- Mphamvu ya kudzikonda.
- Mphamvu yokonzanso yapadera.
- Kukhoza kuyenda pamtunda wautali.
- Kukoma kwabwino kwa chipatso.
- Maonekedwe okongola ndi zosakanikirana za maapulo.
Wotsutsa
- Afunikanso kukhala ndi mtima wachikondi komanso wosamala.
- Kuchuluka kwake kwa korona, komwe kumafuna kupatulira nthawi zonse ndikudulira kuti usagwe kugwa.
- Zipatso sizitali zazikulu, nthawi zambiri zamasamba kapena zazing'ono.
- Kuwopsa kwa nkhanambo.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Ngati mumasankha kuyambitsa mitengo ya apulo "Pepini Safironi" mumunda wanu ndipo tsopano pitani ku sitolo kuti mupange mapepala, tidzakulangizani momwe mungapangire khalidwe labwino komanso labwino.
Choyamba, tikukupemphani kuti mugule mbande m'masitolo apadera, kumene, ngati kuli koyenera, mungapereke chikalata cha khalidwe la mankhwala. Chimene muyenera kumvetsera:
- Sapling zaka. Mbeu yabwino ndi chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Kawirikawiri sipangakhale zofunikira pa izo, kapena ngati zilipo, ndiye nthambi 2-3 zikukula mosiyana pa ngodya ya 45-90 °.
- Kutalika kwa mmera sayenera kupitirira 1.5 mamita.
- Mwatsopano ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Inde, kupezeka kwa mawotchi amawonongeka. Mitengo yomwe ili pansi pa khungwa iyenera kukhala yobiriwira kwambiri, muzuwo umayenera kukhala wouma komanso wosasunthika, ndi mmera wokha - wokhazikika komanso wokongola.
- Katemera. Ichi ndi chinthu china chofunikira pakugula mmera wathanzi. Malowa ayenera kuonekera bwino pamtengo ndipo akhale kutalika kwa masentimita 10 kuchokera muzu.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengoyi imakula bwino, masamba osakula samalimbikitsa kugula.
Kubzala mbande za apulo
Tsopano, posankha ndi kugula mbande zoyenera, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala. 
Nthawi yabwino
Kubzala mbande za apulo zikhoza kuchitidwa zonse m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. M'chaka, rooting imapita bwino, ndipo mtengo wamtsogolo umakhala bwino "kupulumuka" m'nyengo yozizira. M'dzinja, ndi kofunikira kuti mukonzekerere maluwa kwa nyengo yozizira. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudzala mu nthaka yokonzedwa, yomwe tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.
Kusankha malo
Posankha malo, zifukwa zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa: ndi bwino ngati malowo amakhala osatha, chifukwa mtengo wa apulofesa wa Pepin safuna kusintha, ndipo ndi malo abwino kwambiri, osati nthaka yambiri. Ngati simungathe kuunikira pamakhala pangozi yokhala ndi zochepa, osati zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Pakuti mtengo, leached chernozem, floodplain ndi mchenga loamy dothi, komanso loams, ndi abwino.
Malo okonzekera
Ngati chodzala cha apulo chidzachitika mu kugwa, dothi pansi pake liyenera kukonzekera kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Malo opangira feteleza okonzedweratu a 1 square. m tikusowa zotsatirazi:
- 6 makilogalamu a kompositi (kapena manyowa);
- 60 g wa superphosphate;
- 30 g wa potaziyamu mchere.
Ngati chodzala chikonzekera kasupe - kachiwiri, ndibwino kukonzekera malowa. Kuti muchite izi, chemba chomwe chimatchedwa "dzenje". Chombochi ndi dzenje lomwe lili ndi kukula kwa 1.5 mamita ndi kuya kwa mita imodzi.Dziko limagwirizanitsidwa zigawo zotsatirazindi:
- 200 g azofoski;
- 400 g wa phulusa;
- kompositi kapena mullein.
Kusakaniza kumeneku kudzaza ndi "dzenje", lophimbidwa ndi lamanzere kufikira masika.
Mbande kukonzekera
Musanabzala, mizu ya mbande ingathe kulowetsedwa mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, Aktar. Izi ndi zofunika kuti ateteze ku tizirombo. Mukhozanso kutsekemera mizu mumadzi akuwatsitsimutsanso ndikuwakonzekera kuti awombere mtengo.
Ndondomeko ndi kukhazikitsa
Mukamabzala, nkofunika kuti musayambe kumera bwino mmera. Khosi lake liyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 6-7 cm.
Mchitidwewo wokha uli motere:
- Konzani dzenje ndi mamita 1 mita ndi kuya kwa mamita 0.7 (pansi pa dzenje mukuyenera kupanga)
- Sapling ndi macerated, owongolera, mizu yonse ndi yathanzi imamizidwa mu dzenje ndikuika. Nthaka imakhala yophimbidwa ndi mapazi.
- Pakati pamphepete mwa dzenje galimoto ziwiri zamatabwa. Kwa iwo akumangiriza sapling kwa mphamvu.
- Mukhoza kupanga zitsulo zazing'ono zadothi kuzungulira dzenje.
- Lembani mmera ndi chidebe cha madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mukadzala mbande za apulo, madzi a pansi pa nthaka sayenera kupitirira 2-3 mamita, ndipo asidiyo ayenera kukhala pH 6.0.
Popeza uwu ndi mtengo wachikondi, wina woimira zosiyanasiyana adzafunika malo okwana 14 square mamita. M) Musabzale mitengo poyandikana, izi zidzateteza kuwala kwa dzuwa ku nthambi zawo ndikulepheretsa mizu kukhala yabwino.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kumvera malangizo agrotechnical onsamala ndi kusunga zikhalidwe zonse za kukula bwino kumapereka chitsimikizo kuti mtengo wanu udzakhala wathanzi ndipo zokolola zidzakhala zolemera komanso zapamwamba.
Kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula
Imwani madzi a sapling omwe amafunikira m'mawa ndi madzulo pa 5 l madzi pa nthawi. Mtengo wambiri ukhoza kuthiridwa ngati ukufunikira komanso molingana ndi momwe nthaka ilili. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kukumbukira kuti panthawi yopanga zipatso (ndipo ili ndi July-August), madzi ambiri amafunika kuposa nthawi zina. Pamapeto a chilimwe, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa.
Pambuyo pa masamba onse agwa, usanayambe nyengo yozizira, mzuwo umatsanulidwa kwambiri kuti usungidwe bwino m'nyengo yozizira. N'zotheka kuti udzu umasuke ndikutulutsa dziko lapansi pamtengo, ngati kuli koyenera, kuonetsetsa kuti dothi silikhala lolimba komanso louma.
Feteleza
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Pepin Saffron" imakonda nthaka yapamwamba ndipo idzayamika chifukwa chodyetsa bwino. Feteleza ndi ofunika zaka 2-3 mutabzala mmera. Izi ziyenera kukhala potashi ndi feteleza phosphate.
Pali nthawi zina pamene mtengo wa apulo umafuna feteleza. Mwachitsanzo, mutatha dothi, kudyetsa zitsamba za mbalame zimadzipaka madzi (1 mpaka 15), pamtunda wa 8 malita pamtengo. Pambuyo pa ovary, nthaka imasowa manyowa ndi madzi (1 mpaka 3), 10 malita pamtengo. Ndipo kuyambira chiyambi cha autumn composting feteleza chidzakhala chothandiza, makilogalamu 7 pa nthaka kuzungulira tsinde limodzi. 
Kuchiza mankhwala
Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndibwino kuti tipeze chithandizo chamakono pa nthawi yake.
Pano pali mndandanda wa zofala kwambiri tizirombo ta apulo ndi njira zodzitetezera matenda:
- Apple Blossom. Kuchita processing ndi nthawi ya mapangidwe a masamba. Tizilombo timene timakhala ndi mantha monga Karbofos ndi Waterfox.
- Chitetezo chofanana ndi Yablonnaya. Kupewa kumafunika musanayambe mphukira. Mankhwalawa - "Nitrafen".
- Kuthamanga njenjete. Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kuonetsetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchukawa tatha masiku 20 kuchokera pamene mtengo wa apulo watha. Pano kukonzekera koteroko kudzakuthandizani: "Tsidial", "Zolon", "Metadion". Kukonzekera kuyenera kukonzedwa bwinobwino tsiku lililonse masiku 12, katatu pa nyengo.
Pofuna kupewa nthendayi muyenera kuchita katatu: Musanayambe Mphukira, panthawi ya kukula kwa masamba ndi masiku 20 mutatha maluwa. "Mankhwala" amenewa adzafunika: kwa nthawi yoyamba "Nitrafen" ndi sulphate yachitsulo; m'chiwiri - Bordeaux madzi 1%; pomaliza - "Kaptan", "Phtalan" ndi "Kuprozan".
Matenda a mtengo wa Apple angakhudzidwe ndi powdery mildew, komanso kuchokera ku tizirombo - aphid. Pezani choti muchite pa nkhaniyi.
Kudulira
Kudulira nthambi - komanso mtundu wopewa kubzala ndi kusiya zipatso za mitengo ya apulo. Iyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, popanda kulekerera korona kuti ikhale yakuda kwambiri. Kutha kapena kasupe kudzakhala koyenera pa njira iyi. M'chaka choyamba, 1-2 masamba amadulidwa kuchokera pakati pa nthambi, ndipo 2-3 kuchokera kwa ena onse. 
M'zaka zotsatira, kupatulira kudulira kudulira kumachitika, korona imapangidwa, ndipo nthambi zowuma kapena matenda zimachotsedwa, komanso zomwe zimakula kwambiri mu korona.
Ndikofunikira! Zodula zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi phula la munda kuti zisawononge zotsatira zosasangalatsa za kudulira kosayenera. Mukhoza kugula mumasitolo apadera.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Asanafike m'nyengo yozizira, mitengo ndi mitengo iyenera kukhala njira yapadera. konzanikuonetsetsa kuti nyengo yozizira imakhala yabwino. Mphukira ya mbande imamangidwa palimodzi, ndipo mtengo wokha uli wokutidwa ndi pepala kapena zinthu zapadera. Ndi mazira ozizira kwambiri, mitengo ikuluikulu ya apulo ikhozanso kutenthedwa. Denje lozungulira mtengowo lowazidwa ndi manyowa, dothi loyera kapena phulusa 10 cm.
Pofuna kuteteza makoswe ang'onoang'ono m'munda, mukhoza kuika misampha kapena kuwopsya. Kuchokera ku hares kudzakuthandizira kumangiriza thunthu ndi nthambi zafiritsi kapena munda wamtunda.
Ngati mtengo uli wamkulu kuposa zaka zisanu, m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kukhala yoyera ndi njira yothetsera laimu ndi emulsion. Izi zidzateteza mtengo ndi chigoba nthambi ku chisanu. Tsopano, podziwa chomwe mtengo wa apulo wa Pepin Saffron zosiyanasiyana, ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake ndi, pomvetsetsa zomwe zimabzala ndi kusamalira mbande, mukhoza kusankha nokha ngati ma apulo osiyanasiyana ali m'munda wanu kapena ayi. tebulo.
