Rose - duwa lokongoletsa, loyimbidwa ndi olemba ndakatulo ambiri, lomwe lili ndi nthano, lakhala likuyenda ndi munthu kuyambira kale. Amadabwitsa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe a maluwa, fungo labwino. Imalimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano ndikuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha mafani omwe amalota za momwe angakulitsire nyumba yomwe adadzilimira okha ndi mabanja awo.
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amatuwa m'masitolo nthawi yozizira, kusokoneza chizolowezi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa maluwa.
Kufalikira maluwa mkati
Mukakhala kunyumba, duwa limabwezeretsa njira zachilengedwe.
Nthawi ya maluwa
Mitundu ina ya mbewu imaphuka mosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yamaluwa imangotengera mitundu, komanso nthawi yomwe idawomberedwa.
Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amawoneka mchaka ndi chilimwe, chifukwa duwa ndi heliophyte (chomera chojambulira), pamikhalidwe yabwino, limatha kuphuka nyengo yachisanu. Kumagawo akum'mwera, limamasula kamodzi miyezi itatu komanso mobwerezabwereza, maluwa atakhazikika, maluwa amatulutsa miyezi iwiri iliyonse, kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wina amakhala wopanda fungo, ena amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu. Duwa limatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Zambiri. Mwachizolowezi, maluwa otuwa a chipinda samayambitsa kuyanjana.
Kusintha
Maluwa akayamba, maluwa amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, kupeza ndi kuthira manyowa kamodzi pa sabata.
Mitundu yayikulu
Palibe mitundu yapadera yomwe imangofunika kulimidwa kokha kunyumba. Nthawi zambiri pamenepa amatenga maluwa wamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe amakula poyera.
Chipinda choyambirira cha mtundu wapamwamba ndi chitsamba chachifupi kapena mtengo wocheperapo wokhala ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana: kuchokera oyera, zonona ndi zachikaso mpaka pinki ndi ofiira, okhala ndi masamba a lanceolate okhala ndi denticles m'mphepete.
Tiyi, kakang'ono ka polyanthus, kakang'ono, maluwa a Bengal ndi ma hybrids azitsulo ndizoyenera kwambiri pazolinga izi.
Tee rose ndi njira yabwino yolimitsira mkati. Inadziwitsidwa ngati kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya maluwa a Bengal. Mitundu yake yambiri imapangidwa ngati maluwa amkati. Tchire limawoneka lokongoletsa, lokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, maluwawo amakhala onunkhira komanso onunkhira.
Duwa lachi China limayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake - maluwa ang'onoang'ono amaphimba chitsamba.
Maluwa a Bengal adayamba kuwonekera ku Europe ngati maluwa okhawo. Sakufuna kudulira kapena kusamalidwa mwapadera, amangogulira zinthu zaukhondo. Nthambi zimatulutsa bwino, osatalika. Ubwino wa maluwa awa amaonedwa kuti ndi maluwa ataliatali komanso osalala, ena mwa iwo alibe fungo lililonse.
Chipinda chooneka ngati mtengo chidawuka
Maluwa a Polyanthus ndi mitundu yamkati yopangidwa ndikudutsa maluwa. Tchire pafupifupi limakhala masentimita 50 mulitali, nthambi ndi wandiweyani. Mitundu ina, maluwa amatengedwa m'mabrashi, pali mitundu ingapo ya miyala iwiri. Maluwa amamva bwino kwambiri osati mnyumba, komanso makonde.
Maluwa a maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakhala osakanikirana, maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala osakwatiwa kapena amapanga inflorescence pazidutswa zingapo.
Malangizo. Mukamasankha duwa lakumanga nyumba, kupezeka ndi kununkhira kwamphamvu kuyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa si aliyense amene amatha kulekerera fungo lamphamvu lomwe limayambitsa chifuwa ndi kupweteka kwa mutu mwa anthu ena.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakupatsani mwayi wosankha maluwa momwe mumakonda.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Momwe mungasamalire duwa mumphika kunyumba, nkhawa madera ambiri. Kukula m'chipinda chamaluwa kumafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ena kuti izikhala yoyang'anira ndi kusamalira duwa. Amakonda malo owala bwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Kukhala kofunikira kukonzanso m'miyezi yotentha panjira yotseguka kapena khonde, khalani pazenera lotseguka ngati zolemba zomwe akuopa siziyikidwa.
Amasowa malo otseguka, chifukwa chake sayenera kuzungulira kwambiri pawindo. Kuti mupange chitsamba chokongola kwambiri, muyenera kutembenuza mphikawo, ndikuwunikira mbali zosiyanasiyana za chitsamba.
Zopezeka tokha anauka mumphika momwe angasamalire yozizira? M'nyengo yozizira, amafunika kukonzekera malo opumirawo, ndikupanga nyengo yopumira. Pokha pompano, duwa, kupeza mphamvu, ndi isanayambike masika limapereka maluwa ambiri.
Chomera chimakhala chowoneka bwino ngati chithirira komanso kudyetsa maluwa pa nthawi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kusinthiratu, kusamalira kutentha kofunikira nthawi iliyonse, kuyang'anitsitsa mbewuyo mosamala, kuwulula tizirombo ndi matenda obwera m'tsogolo.
Kutentha
Bwino kukhala ndi maluwa a chipinda kukukhala kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C. Nthawi yonse yopuma (Okutobala -February) kutsika mpaka 5-8 ° C kumafunikira. Ndi chiyambi chakumapeto, pamene gawo lokhazikika likuyamba, kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Ichi ndi chomera chotseguka, kuti chikule chonse, chimafunikira mpweya wabwino. M'nyengo yotentha ndikofunikira kupita nayo kumunda kapena kukhonde. Nthawi yonseyi, ndikokwanira kukonza kupumula kokhazikika, kupewa kukonzekera.
Dothi
Momwe duwa lamkati limamera bwino, makamaka kutengera nthaka yosankhidwa. Iyenera kudutsa madzi ndi mpweya bwino. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito kusakaniza kwa maluwa ndi maluwa ocheperako.
Dothi lokonzekera lokha liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo:
- 4 - dziko la turf;
- 4 - humus:
- 1- mchenga.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa kapangidwe kake:
- 1 - humus;
- 1 - land land;
- 1 - dziko loyanjana;
- 3- dziko la turf;
- 1 - mchenga.
Chinyezi
Kwa duwa, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimafuna kutsatira kuthirira ndi njira yonyowa. Mphepo yampweya uyenera kukhala 60-65% lonyowa. Mpweya wouma udzayambitsa tizirombo. Pa masiku dzuwa, muyenera kukana kutsuka masamba kuti asatenthe. Mu nyengo yakuwotcha, mpweya mu nyumbayo ukauma kwambiri, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika pafupipafupi kapena mphika umayikidwa pa pallet ndi dongo lonyowa.
Tcherani khutu! Njira zothirira mosinthira: Nthawi 1 - pansi pamizu; chachiwiri - kuthira madzi mu poto. Mulimonsemo, madzi ochulukirapo ayenera kutulutsidwa kuchokera poto.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti dongo lonyowa nthawi zonse. Kutsirira kumachitika pamene nthaka yapamwamba idaphwa. Kuthirira pafupipafupi kumadalira nyengo yakumera: M'chilimwe iwo amakhala pafupipafupi, nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu amachepetsedwa. Mukasiya kuthirira, duwa limatha kugwetsa masamba.
Zofunika! Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito madzi okhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji.
Kuwala
Chipinda chotumphuka, monga duwa lililonse, ndi chomera chosangalatsa. Akufunika kuwala kambiri kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, kuyikidwa pazenera lakumwera kungakhale njira yabwino. Komabe, kuwala kwadzuwa sikulingana ndi duwa, makamaka mu kutentha kwa chilimwe muyenera kuyipukusa, kuyiteteza kuti isapse ndi kutentha.
Zambiri. Kukhazikitsa maluwa pamawindo am'madera ena padziko lapansi kumafuna kuyatsa kwanyengo yozizira.
Thirani
Chomera chogulidwacho chimayenera kulowedwa m'malo, ndikusintha dothi ndi chidebe. Nthawi zina mumphika womwe wagulidwa pali tchire zingapo zomwe zimafunika kubzala. Dothi lomwe lakakamizidwa kukakamiza duwa limakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikule komanso maluwa, zomwe zimafinya mphamvu zonse kuti zisatuluke. Zopangira pulasitiki nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa zazing'ono, momwe mizu yake imadzala munthawi yochepa.
Kuyanika mwachangu dothi, kusokonekera, mtundu wachikasu masamba, zimayambira ndi masamba zikuwonetsa kuti kumuika ndikofunikira. Imachitidwa posamutsa duwa pachidebe chatsopano ndikusinthiratu ndi dothi mwatsopano.
Vuto la maluwa, ngati layamba kuuma, silituluka kwa nthawi yayitali, malinga ndi kuti malamulo a kukonza, akatsatiranso amafunika.
Thirani Rose mutagula
Momwe mungasinthire chipinda chogulira m malo ogulitsira mukatha kugula? Musanavule, muyenera kudula maluwa ndi masamba onse omwe ali pachitsamba kuti muzitha kuyang'ana kwambiri mphamvu za mbewuzo pakukula kwa mizu.
Kupititsa patsogolo kwa-pang'onopang'ono:
- Chotsani duwa mosamala ndi dothi loumbika kuchokera mumphika wakale.
- Yenderani mizu, yokhala ndi chotupa, mizu yathanzi - chikasu kapena choyera.
- Mizu youma, yowola komanso yakuda, ngati palibe ambiri, amachotsedwa.
- Pansi pa poto watsopano anayala dongo la dothi lokwaniliridwa.
- Danga lokonzedwa limathiridwa, lopakidwa.
- Ikani chitsamba ndi mtanda, kugona tulo ndikuyangana dothi kuti chomera chikhale chokhazikika.
- Madzi.
Ngati chomera chatsopano chawonjezedwa, ndikofunikira kuti azichitira tizirombo ndi Fitoverm komanso bowa wa Fitosporin.
Kudulira chipinda
Chipinda chotseka chimafunika kudulira. Imachitika pomwe kukula kwa masamba ayamba, chifukwa mapangidwe a masamba ali mphukira zatsopano.
Nthawi zambiri, atatha maluwa, amatenganso chitsamba. Mukapanda kudulira, maluwa ambiri sangatheke. Mothandizidwa ndi chidutswa cholingidwa bwino, chitsamba chokongola chosakhazikika chidzapangidwa. Mukadula nthambi, ndikofunikira kusiya masamba 4-5. Duwa lomwe limazimiririka limadulidwa pamtunda wa tsamba loyamba, pomwe pansi pake pali masamba. Mphukira zowonda ndi zofooka zimadulidwanso.
Zambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa nthambi zomera mkati chitsamba.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Zolakwika zopangidwa posamalira duwa zimamupangitsa kuti azikhala wosasangalala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa maluwa pachomera, cholinga chake chachikulu ndi kutulutsa maluwa ndi kununkhira.
Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:
- Chodziwika kwambiri ndi kusapezeka kwa nthawi yopuma;
- Kuwala kosakwanira;
- Mawonekedwe osayenera nthaka;
- Kuperewera kapena kusowa kwa michere m'nthaka;
- Kukula kosayenera.
Chomera chofooka chimagwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Chomera chiuma
Rose akumira m'chipinda chomwe chimatentha kwambiri. Mutha kupulumutsa nyengoyo pakusunthira duwa kutali ndi kutentha kapena kuyiyika mu tray ndi dongo lonyowa, osayiwala kufinya nthaka. Ndikofunika kupopera masamba.
Nthawi zambiri, pet imayamba kuwuma, ndipo masamba amayamba kugwa chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa mizu yomwe imayamba chifukwa chothirira kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dothi lisungidwe madzi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira. Nthaka yokhala ndi dothi yambiri ilibe nthawi kuti iwume madzi okwanira, omwe amathandizanso kuola kwa mizu. Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli poyeretsa mizu ya dothi lakale ndikuchotsa mizu yowola, yofewa komanso yowoneka bwino, ndipo yotsalayo iyenera kutsukidwa mu pinki yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate). Ndiye theka la ola kupirira mizu mu njira yothetsera mafangayi "Fitosporin-M", kenako owuma mlengalenga kwa maola awiri. Ikani chidebe china ndi dothi latsopano, lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi.
Udzu umasanduka wachikaso
Masamba akatembenuka chikasu, chifukwa chake chitha kukhala dothi lomata mumphika. Kubwezeretsa duwa, kuthirira kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi, kumangopopera masamba.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za dothi la dothi, duwa limayatsidwa ndikuyika gawo lapansi la maluwa, ogulidwa m'sitolo.
Tcherani khutu! Ndikofunika kudyetsa maluwa achikasu ndi feteleza ovuta, mwachitsanzo, Bona Forte kapena Greenwold.
Zina
Ngati duwa lomwe langopeza kumene litayamba kuthira masamba ake, limayankha mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe. Ndikokwanira kum'pezera ngodya pawindo lowoneka bwino osawerengera kuti abwerere ku mawonekedwe ake akale.
Kuuma kwa maluwa ndi masamba, kudetsa masamba ndi kugwa kwawo kungatanthauze kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kuwononga tizirombo kapena kuzizira kwa duwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake duwa lomwe limabweretsa kuchokera ku sitolo silimayikidwa komwe amakhala ndi ziweto zobiriwira zapakhomo, ndikukonzekera kukhala kwaokha kwa milungu iwiri.
Madimba pamasamba amawoneka chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi, dothi louma kwambiri mumphika, malo okhuthala. Madontho a bulai amakula, mbali zake zimafa. Madera omwe akhudzidwa akuyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, mbewu yonse iyenera kuchitiridwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli mkuwa kapena sulufule.
Njira zolerera
Kodi mungakulitse bwanji nyumba? Duwa limafalikira ndi mbewu komanso mothandizidwa ndi odulidwa. Njira yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kubereketsa mitundu yatsopano. Ndiosavuta kukula duwa nokha kuchokera kudulidwe. Njirayi imangokhala ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu ya kholo, komanso imapereka chitsanzo chosinthidwa mikhalidwe yanyumbayo.
Kudula
Zidula zimakolola m'nthambi zotsalira ukadula. Sankhani kuchokera ku nthambi zathanzi, zopangidwa bwino zodulidwazo ndi masamba 3-4 mpaka 15 masentimita, kudula kotsika kuyenera kudutsa momveka bwino. Chotsani masamba ndi masamba otsika. Zodulidwa zakonzedwa zimayikidwa tsiku limodzi mumtsuko ndi yankho lomwe limalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu.
Zomera zitha kuchitika m'njira zingapo:
- Ikani zodula mu chidebe chamadzi, kukhazikitsa pamalo abwino otentha.
- Pangani chovuta mu mbatata ya mbatata, ikani phesi. Bzalani tuber mumchenga, kusiya gawo laling'ono pamwamba, kuphimba ndi mtsuko wagalasi. Musaiwale kuthira madzi ndikuwongolera.
- Bzalani zodulidwazo pakadali panthaka yolakidwa (humus + peat), ndikumwaza mchenga pamwamba. Phimbani ndi mtsuko.
Kudula m'madzi
Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu ndi masamba, zodulidwazo zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika yosiyana.
Kubzala cuttings mu mbatata tuber
Ngakhale kuli kwachisangalalo komanso kufunafuna chisamaliro kuchipinda, kutchuka kwake pakati pa akatswiri olima maluwa ndi akatswiri amakula nthawi zonse. Pamodzi ndi hibiscus, oleander ndi hydrangea, duwa ndi amodzi mwa malo otsogola kwambiri pazomera zam'makomo zotchuka.
