Manyowa ochokera ku zinyalala za nsomba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa kuti azitsamba zomera ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Nthangala, yomwe imapezeka kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi mafupa ofewa a crustaceans, nsomba ndi zinyama zakutchire, zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa zowonongeka, choncho ndi mthandizi wofunika kwambiri m'minda ya anthu ambiri a chilimwe.
M'nkhani ino, tikambirana momwe ufa wa nsomba umapangidwira, momwe umagwiritsiridwa ntchito, momwe umagwirira ntchito monga feteleza - ndi momwe ungagwiritsire ntchito ndi kusunga iwo kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kodi ndi momwe mungachitire
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi mafupa ndi nsomba zofewa zimapangidwa m'njira ziwiri: m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi malonda. Njira yoyamba yopangira feteleza nsomba imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pa zombo. Pochita izi, iwo samatenga nsomba yowonjezera kwambiri, monga mankhwala omwe amawoneka kuti amaundana, ndipo kenako - kusodza nsomba zogulitsa. 
Nsomba zomwe sizinawotsidwe zimaloledwa kukonzedwa kupanga ufa.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa mankhwala umatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni oyipa. Fungo lapamwamba liyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni okwana 70%.Makampani a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti apangidwe mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri poyerekezera ndi kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zopangidwa tsiku lililonse.
Kwa makampani amenewa, zipangizo zamtengo wapamwamba zimatumizidwa kunja, koma otsutsa njira yopangira njira zogwirira ntchito akudzinenera kuti pali zowonjezera zowonjezera zamagetsi muzogulitsa zawo zomwe sizipezeka mu sitimayo. 
Ndipo mbali iyi ndi yoona, chifukwa nthawi yopanga sitima imakhala nthawi yokwanira yokwanira yopangira nsomba ndi zowonjezera.
Muzitsamba zilizonse zopanga feteleza, magawo otsatirawa akukonzekera amagwiritsidwa ntchito: otentha, kukanikiza, kuyanika, kupera. Kuyanika kwa mafupa ophwanyika ndi mafupa a nsomba kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: mpweya ndi moto.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa feteleza monga mbatata, mahatchi, zikopa za banki, mapeyala a anyezi, ntchentche.Njira yachiwiri ndi yowonjezera komanso yowonjezera mphamvu kwambiri kwa wopanga. Koma chida chokonzekera motere chimatha kutaya makhalidwe ake opindulitsa, omwe amachititsa kukhala yotsika mtengo.
Mukamayanika ndi njira ya nthunzi, kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndipo, motero, chotengera choterechi chidzawononga zambiri (ndipo khalidwe lake lidzakhala bwino). 
Makampani opanga feteleza a nsomba amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi ma crustaceans, koma anchovies, hering'i, sardines, pollock ndi shad ndiwo omwe amakonda kwambiri.
Mayiko ambiri amatha kupanga chakudya cha nsomba zomwe zili ndi nyanja kapena nyanja. Malingana ndi mtundu wanji wa nsomba zambiri zomwe zimakhala kumadera ena, malo ndi ufa wa ufa zidzasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Chaka chilichonse, timadya nsomba zoposa 5 miliyoni padziko lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, Chile ndi Peru zimapanga feteleza nsomba makamaka kuchokera ku cox reds ndi anchovies, pamene mankhwala a ku Japan ali ndi mafupa a sardine.
Dziko la Peru limatengedwa kuti ndilo mtsogoleri wadziko lonse popanga feteleza wochokera ku ufa. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi apa: kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa ndi dzikoli ndizochepa kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ufa.Kutsiliza: Makampani a Peruvia amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena. Mauritania ndilo dziko lachiwiri kuwerengetsera nsomba za nsomba. Perekani ufa m'dziko muno kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito akhoza kusiyana ndi 62 mpaka 67%.
Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito
Ufa wa mafupa a nsomba ndi matishu wapezeka mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaulimi. Kugwiritsira ntchito chakudya cha nsomba monga fetereza kwa masamba kumathandiza kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndikupangitsani ubwino wake. 
Amaluwa ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mchere wa phosphorous kudyetsa tomato, mbatata, eggplant, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chakudya cha nsomba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- m'masodzi;
- mu ulimi wa nkhuku (kuonjezera kukana kwa mbalame ku matenda osiyanasiyana, kumathandiza kudya zakudya, kuonjezera chonde, kumathandiza kuti mazira azikhala ndi thanzi, etc.);
- mu nkhumba kuswana (bwino zikugwirizana nyama mafuta, imathandizira kukula ndi kumawonjezera kukana matenda);
- pa minda ya ng'ombe (kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka opangidwa, kumapangitsa kuti mkaka ukhale wabwino, umachepetsa kukula kwa chiweto).
Kupanga
Gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha nsomba (pafupifupi 65%) ndi mapuloteni. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi phulusa, malingana ndi wopanga, ndi zofanana (12-15%), mafuta ena ophatikizapo mafuta obiriwira amapanga pafupifupi 8%, ena onse ndi lysine.
Chomerachi chili ndi amino acid, mafuta acid, mavitamini, mchere, micro ndi macro.
Ndikofunikira! Panthawi yosungirako nsomba, imakhala ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi ammonia, omwe angayambitse poizoni wa nyama.
Lysine, methionine, tryptophan ndi threonine ndi angapo amino acid. Pakati pa vitamini D, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavitamini D, vitamini A ndi mavitamini a gulu B. 
Mitengo yambiri yamchere yomwe imapanga nsomba zamtengo wapatali ndi: calcium, phosphorus ndi chitsulo.
Kuonjezerapo, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mankhwala opangidwawo ali ndi 10% chinyezi ndipo ndi 2% yaiwisi yaiwisi.
Kodi kupanga organic feteleza
Nsomba yowonongeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fetereza kwa munda wa ndiwo zamasamba mutatha kukolola. Flour inangowambalala pazonde, ndiye zonse zakumbidwa.
Phunzirani zambiri za feteleza.Phosphorus, chitsulo ndi calcium zikhoza kusungidwa m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti zikhale zokolola zam'munda zomwe zidzabzalidwa m'chaka.
Koma fetereza iyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pa chomera chirichonse. 
Izi zimachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi mtundu wa chikhalidwe:
- Mbatata Sungani chikhalidwe ichi mwa kuthira ufa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Pa mita imodzi, musagwiritsire ntchito magalamu 100 a fetereza.
- Tomato Pachifukwa ichi, chakudya cha nsomba chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbande. Pansi pa chitsamba phwetekere ayenera kuyika 20-40 magalamu a feteleza.
- Mitengo ya zipatso. Apple, peyala kapena maula ayenera kudyetsedwa katatu pachaka. Ngati mtengo uli ndi zaka zoposa zisanu, ndiye kuti pafupifupi 200 g ya ufa wa nsomba akhoza kutsanulira pansi pazu.
- Berry baka. Pa 1m² ya berry tchire chomera muyenera kupanga 100 g ufa, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pankhani ya Thirani wa tchire - kuwonjezera 50 g wa fetereza ku dzenje pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
- Maluwa a maluwa a bulub. Anapanga feteleza m'chaka cha mlingo wa 50 g ufa pa mita imodzi ya dothi.
Kugwiritsira ntchito fupa chakudya mu horticulture kuyenera kuchitika pokhapokha ngati alibe phosphorous ndi calcium m'nthaka.Choncho musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, funsani zadothi lanu.
Ngati ali ndi mphamvu zamtunduwu, ndiye kuti feteleza imatsutsana, mosasamala kuti mbeu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu sizidzasintha, koma zidzakhala zosiyana.
Kusungirako zinthu
Pali mitundu iwiri ya ufa: mafuta (pafupifupi 22% mafuta) ndi osakhala mafuta (pafupifupi 10%). Malingana ndi mtundu, kutentha ndi chinyezi panthawi yosungirako, mankhwalawa adzasintha mwa mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachinyengo) panthawi yosungirako nthawi yaitali komanso yosayenera. 
Asayansi apanga maphunziro ophatikizana omwe amasonyeza momwe mtundu uliwonse wa ufa umasiyana ndi njira yosungirako.
Mukudziwa? Nsomba za Peruvian anchovy ndi nsomba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga feteleza ufa.Ngati mumasunga ufa wa nsomba (mafuta ndi osakhala mafuta) kwa masiku 30 pa chinyezi (8-14%) ndi kutentha kwa nyengo ya 20 ° C, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni otsekemera madzi ndi mapuloteni ochepa adzakwera ndi 8-12%.
Komanso, nthawi yaitali kuti asunge zinthu zoterezi, zimatayika kwambiri ngati mapuloteni komanso mapuloteni. Komanso, patapita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa ammonia kumawoneka.
Ngati mumasunga mankhwala pamatentha, ndiye kuti kutaya kwa mapuloteni ndi mapuloteni kumachepetsedwa, koma kukana kwa phulusa kudzacheperachepera. 
Fungo la mafuta wambiri limaphatikizapo mafuta obiriwira panthawi yosungirako nthawi yaitali, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zowonongeka kwa mankhwala. Ndipo mwezi umodzi wokha mafuta ochuluka amachepetsedwa ndi 30-40%!
Powonjezera chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, pamakhala mavitamini a magulu a B ndi PP omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa fetereza.
Monga momwe tawonetsedwera ndi deta yafukufuku, pa kutentha kwapamwamba ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, zinthu zomwe amapanga ufa zimafa kapena zimachitirana wina ndi mzake, ndipo chifukwa chake, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimamasulidwa: mankhwala a peroxide, mafuta a mafuta owonjezera ndi ammonia. 
Zogulitsa izi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku feteleza "mdani" kwa zomera, choncho sizingakonzedwe nthawi yaitali kuti asungidwe nsomba. Akatswiri ofufuza apeza kuti mankhwalawa adzawonongeka chifukwa cha mankhwala osungirako mankhwala, koma kuchepa kwabwino kudzakhala pamene kusungira ufa mu chipinda chosatentha komanso kutsika kwa mpweya (osachepera 10%).
