Mbatata - imodzi mwa mbewu zazikulu zomwe zimakula m'dziko lathu. Komabe, si dothi lonse ndipo palibe nyengo iliyonse yoyenera kupeza zokolola zovomerezeka. Nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi feteleza zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuonjezera zokolola ndipo, mulimonse mmene zingakhalire, zisonkhanitsani kuchuluka kwa mbeuyi.
Mbatata ndi feteleza
Chomera chimodzi chimafuna 20 g ya phosphorous, 50 g ya nayitrogeni ndi 100 g ya potaziyamu kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino pa nyengoyi. Manyowa a mbatata angagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi chaka chonse: mu kugwa, nthawi yayitali musanadzalemo, m'chaka, chirimwe ndi mwatsatanetsatane mukubzala.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata zipatso ndizoopsa kwa anthu. Zokwanira kudya 1-2 kuti mupeze poizoni.Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'pofunika kudyetsa chomerachi m'magulu akulu kusiyana ndi momwe tikufunikira chitukuko, popeza zakudya zina sizingatheke kumapeto.
Namsongole amachotsedwa kwa iwo okha, zina zimangotuluka mumadzi kapena zimakhala ndi nthaka yovuta komanso zimadyedwa ndi nthaka zamoyo.Feteleza kwa mbatata
Kawirikawiri, zakudya za mbatata zimagwirizanitsa, kuphatikizapo organic ndi chilengedwe. Komabe, n'zotheka kulemeretsa nthaka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthupi.
Zanyama
Mug, zitosi za mbalame, phulusa la nkhuni, peat manure ndi kompositi ndizoyenera kudyetsa mbatata. Mbali yabwino ya feteleza imeneyi ndi kuti n'kosatheka kuiwononga. 
Mukamawonjezerapo, ndi bwino. Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti zinthu zakuthupi ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti pakhale mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, choncho tigwiritseni ntchito limodzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ulaya, mbatata inawonekera chifukwa cha Monk Neronim Kordan, yemwe adamubweretsa kuchokera ku South America mu 1580, koma mpaka zaka za m'ma 1700, adayesa kuti asadye, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti amachititsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi matenda.Komanso mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, muyenera kukumbukira kuti achinyamata alibe nthawi yoti atulutse zakudya zonse, ndipo pamakhala zofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi feteleza.
Mchere
Mitengo ya fetereza ya mbatata imaphatikizapo pafupifupi mtundu wonse wotchuka: nayitrogeni, phosphate, potashi, ndi zina zotero. 
Mukhozanso kuwonjezera ma microfertilizers osiyanasiyana pamwamba pa kuvala kwa mbatata, tiyerekeze kuti mkuwa kapena molybdenum, ndipo boron imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi lokhala ndi mandimu. Amapereka chithandizo chabwino pakukhazikitsa zakudya zofunikira, ndikuwongolera zotsatira zabwino pa thupi la mbeu.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi agrotechnics ya kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata: "Kiwi", "Gala", "Good mwayi", "Irbitsky", "Rosara", "Queen Anna", "Blue".
Njira zobvala zapamwamba
Zonse zokhudza feteleza kwa mbatata nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana komanso feteleza. Mofanana ndi mbeu ina iliyonse, pali njira ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito feedings, yomwe ndi mizu ndi foliar. Choncho, monga mbatata ndizozulidwa, muzu wa feteleza ndi njira yomwe imapangira feteleza. 
Muzu
Kudyetsa, monga lamulo, kumachitika musanafike pamwamba pa mapiri a tchire, omwe amatsogoleredwa pang'ono ndi cholinga chothandizira "ulendo" wa zakudya kuchokera kunthaka mpaka ku mizu ya zomera.
Pambuyo kupanga zovekedwa, muyenera kukhala wochuluka mu kuthirira obzalidwa tchire. Nazi feteleza zabwino zomwe ziri zoyenera kuvala mizu:
- Udzu wa mbalame: chinthu choopsa kwambiri, koma n'zotheka kuchigwiritsa ntchito ngakhale chatsopano, chomwe chiyenera kuchitenga pa chiŵerengero cha 1:10 ndiyeno kuwonjezerapo mankhwalawa pakati pa mizere.
- Urea: amasungunuka mu chiwerengero cha supuni imodzi mu ndowa, kenako kutsanulira pansi pazu wa tchire, zomwe ziyenera kutsogoleredwa pang'ono. Kusokoneza kumachitidwa musanafike padziko lapansi. Pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi, musamapange zoposa 0,5 malita a njira iyi.
- Mullein: 10 malita a madzi amachititsa 1 lita imodzi ya manyowa atsopano, kenako achoke kuti apange. Madzi pakati pa mizera ya zomera.
- Zitsamba kulowetsedwa: Zingapangidwe kuchokera kumsongo uliwonse umene mungapeze. Mitengo yosankhidwa imadonthozedwa m'madzi ndipo, pambuyo pake, imaimitsidwa ndi madzi mpaka kumapeto, yomwe ikufanana ndi tiyi yofooka. Kuthirira kumafunika madzulo, makamaka osakhudza tsinde. Nthawi yabwino yodyetsera chakudya idzakhala chiyambi cha chilimwe, chifukwa panthawi imeneyi zomera zimasowa nayitrogeni.
- Manyowa osakaniza: Kuvala mizu pogwiritsa ntchito gululi kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta, mwachitsanzo, yankho la ammonium nitrate (10 malita a madzi 20 g wa mankhwala) kapena osakaniza a fetashi, nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous feteleza pa chiwerengero cha 2: 1: 1 (10 malita a madzi 25 g zosakaniza).
Foliar
Kawirikawiri imatulutsidwa nthawi yolima yomwe imakula. Kufunika kobvala kotereku kumachitika pakuyamba feteleza sikokwanira, chifukwa chakuti feteleza poyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumwazikana chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, popanda kubzala.
Ndikofunikira! Zowonjezera mizu yophika ndi bwino kwambiri pambuyo poyeretsa mokwanira pa mabedi, madzulo, omwe adzapulumutse masamba a tchire kuchokera kumoto.Njira yotere yopangira zakudya zimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa polisi ya nthaka yake ndi mfuti. M'munsimu muli ena mwa njira zodyera izi:
- Carbamide: Yankho liri ndi malita 5 a madzi, 150 g ya potaziyamu monophosphate, 5 g ya boric acid ndi 100 g ya urea. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa fetereza uku kumachitika mu magawo awiri: woyamba amatha masabata awiri pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, ndipo yachiwiri - ndi nthawi ya masabata ena awiri. Kukonzekera kotereku kumachitidwa mpaka kuyambira kwa maluwa.
- Phosphoric: Nthawi yabwino yochita izi ndikumapeto kwa nthawi ya maluwa. Yankho likukonzekera pa mlingo wa 100 g wa superphosphate pa 10 malita a madzi - izi ndi zokwanira pokonza 10 square mamita. Phosphorous yomwe imapezeka ndi zomera mwa njira iyi idzaonjezera zokolola zonse ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa muzu.
- Amadzichepetsa: Chovala chapamwambachi chimapangidwa pambuyo pa tsamba lachinayi la mbatata, ndipo ndizofunika kusunga nthawi ya masabata awiri pakati pa mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito n'koyenera, mwachitsanzo, "Humate + 7", ndi malita 3 malita 100. Kuti mupeze njira yothandizira, m'pofunika kuchepetsa 2 g wa mankhwala mu 10 l madzi.
- Nettle kulowetsedwa. Kukonzekera gawo loperekera chakudya ndi losavuta: akuluakulu a nettle zomera amatsanulira ndi madzi ndipo amalowetsa m'malo otentha mpaka zizindikiro za nayonso zikuwonekera. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mutatha kusinthanitsa ndi kuswana, mukhoza kupitiriza kuchiza zomera, kusunga nthawi ya masiku khumi.
Momwe mungapangire kusankha
Monga tanenera kale, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pafupifupi chaka chonse, kupatula mwina nthawi yachisanu. Sizingakhale zopanda phindu kugwirizanitsa mawu osiyanasiyana kuti mupeze zotsatira zambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti mukadzala mbatata m'mayiko osungulumwa kwa chaka choyamba, nthaka siingakhoze kuberekedwa, popeza idali ndi chuma chambiri.
Kutha
Panthawi imeneyi, atachotsedwa pamwambapo, ndikulimbikitseni kuti mupite pa tsamba lodzala mmbuyo mwa manyowa osiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, mpiru woyera. M'nyengo yozizira, iwowo adzagwa pansi, ndipo m'chaka chidzatha kulima nthaka pamodzi ndi iwo.
Pokonzekera nthaka yophukira, m'pofunika kukumba mpaka kuya kwa bayonet. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye madothi akuluakulu, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wozizira ufike ku mizu yobiriwira ndipo iwo amaundana. 
Manyowa omwe amalimbikitsa mbatata mu kugwa ndi awa: 5-7 zidebe za humus kapena manyowa atsopano ayenera kutengedwa pamtunda uliwonse wa nthaka, feteleza amchere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, superphosphate pa mlingo wa 30 g pa 1 sq. Km. m. Mukhozanso kupanga potaziyamu sulphate pa mlingo wa 15 g pa 1 lalikulu. m
Tikukulimbikitsani kuphunzira momwe mungabzalitsire siderata pansi pa mbatata.Ngati nthaka pamalowa ili ndi acidity yowonjezereka, m'dzinja ndiyenela kuchitapo kanthu kuti mubwezeretsedwe. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito phulusa, laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite.
Mlingo - 200 g pa 1 lalikulu. m. N'zotheka kuzindikira kuti zotsatira zomwe zimafunidwa zimapindula mwa kusintha mtundu wa dothi kuti ukhale wonyezimira, komanso maonekedwe a moss ndi sorelo m'mabedi.
Spring
Mbatata silingalole chinyezi chochulukirapo, choncho ndi bwino kuyambitsa ngalande yabwino kumapeto kwa nyengo kumalo odzala. 
Mtedza waukulu umene mbatata amafunika nthawi imeneyi ndi nitrojeni. Izi zimapezeka mu manyowa ambiri, choncho panthawi imeneyi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga momwe zingathere.
Manyowa abwino kwambiri a mbatata mukamabzala kumapeto kwa masika mndandanda, mlingo uliwonse umakhala pa 1 mita imodzi:
- Chisakanizo cha chidebe chimodzi cha humus, galasi limodzi la phulusa ndi supuni 3 za nitrophoska.
- Pambuyo polima munda, anabzala ndi sideratami, osakaniza 20 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ndi 20 g wa ammonium nitrate.
- Chidebe cha peat manure, pafupifupi 25-30 g ya nitrophoska kuphatikizapo mzere wokhala ndi potaziyamu wa sulfate ndi ammonium nitrate, 20 g aliyense
- 7-10 makilogalamu a humus kuphatikiza 20 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu sulfate, 30-40 g wa superphosphate ndi 450 g wa dolomite ufa.
- Ngati mulibe mankhwala, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza chabe, mwachitsanzo, 5 kg nitrophoska zana kapena 3 makilogalamu nitroammofoski.
Pamene tikufika
Zimakhulupirira kuti mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza yowonjezera imabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa mbeu kusiyana ndi kufalikira feteleza kuzungulira mzere, komanso zambiri zachuma.
Kawirikawiri feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo asanabzalidwe m'menje. Ngati mubweretsa zamoyo, zingakhale, mwachitsanzo 700 g wa humus wouma ndi supuni 5 za phulusa. 
Ndipo mukamagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a agrochemicals, ndondomeko yotsatirayi ndi yotheka: hafu ya kapu ya mafupa ndi 1 tbsp. supuni nitrofoski. Chotsatira chabwino chikuwonetsanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zopangidwa kale.
M'chilimwe
Ndibwino kuti zovala zapamwamba za chilimwe zichitike mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa June, mwinamwake zingakhale zotheka kuti kusakaniza kwa tubers kudzachedwa. Nthawi yabwino ndi nthawi yamaluwa. 
Choyenera kwambiri fetereza kwa mbatata mutabzala ndi mchere, mwachitsanzo: supuni 2 za superphosphate zimaphatikizidwira pamtunda uliwonse wa mamitala. Ntchito ya fetelezayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngati n'koyenera ikhoza kutayika.
Choncho, ngakhale kuti zonsezi zikuwoneka zosavuta, mbatata ndizosavuta zokhudzana ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti feteleza akhale ndi malingaliro abwino. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yabwino yopanga feteleza mbatata ndi yomwe ikabzala m'chaka. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kukolola mbewu za mbatata.
