Elm (elm) - ndi mtengo waukulu, umene umakula kufika mamita 40 m'litali ndi mamita awiri m'lifupi. Ophatikizidwa mu banja la elm, ali ndi thunthu lolunjika ndi nthambi ya nthambi. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, chomeracho chingakula mpaka zaka 300!
Kufotokozera
Mphepete mwa khungu laling'ono limakhala losalala bwino komanso losalala kwambiri, ndipo msinkhu umakhala wamdima ndipo umadzaza ndi ming'alu. Kunja, elm ikuwoneka ngati thundu kapena mabulosi. Koma elm ali ndi tsamba losiyana ndi zipatso, kotero sizingasokonezeke ndi china chirichonse. Zipatsozo ndizozungulira, nsomba zazikulu, ndi mbewu pakati. Mbewu zipsa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo mtengo umayamba kubala zipatso pachaka ali ndi zaka 7-8. 
Maonekedwe a masamba a elm amatsindika, osati osiyana, masamba a elm ali ndi zizindikiro zogwa. Elm amayamba pachimake kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, pomwe nthawi yabwino zithunzi za mtengo, komanso maluwa ake ndi masamba, zimapezeka. Mbewu isanafike ndi masamba oyambirira, mphukira yaitali za inflorescences ziyamba kukula kuchokera ku masamba ake. Iwo amakula pachimake cha mbewu, ndipo mphepo idzawafalitsa m'dera lapafupi.
Elm ali ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imakhala pansi pamtunda. Mizu ina imakula kwambiri kapena imathamangitsidwa kunja kwa mizu ina, choncho mtengo uli ndi mizu yambiri. 
Kumene elm imakula
Kugawidwa pamphepete mwa mitsinje, mapiri, mapiri, kumapiri, pafupi ndi nyanja. Imodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za mtengo wa elm ndi kukana kutaya pamene mukukumana ndi madzi, choncho imakula bwino pafupi ndi matupi osiyanasiyana.
Kuunikira
Elm akhoza kukula mumthunzi, koma amakonda malo abwino. Amakula makamaka mu mpweya wabwino ndi dzuwa. Mukakulira m'nyumba, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi kuwala kokwanira komanso kokwanira. Pambuyo pake, ngati mbali imodzi ya elm idzagwa mowala kwambiri kuposa ina, mtengo udzasuntha kutsogolo kwa kuunikira. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mphukira zapamtunda zikugwa, ndipo zatsopano zimabwera kuti zilowe m'malo mwawo. 
Nthaka
Ilm amakonda nthaka yambiri, yomwe imamera chinyezi bwino. Komanso, nthaka iyenera kukhala yambiri komanso imakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Koma mitundu ina imatha kukula mu dothi la saline ndi malo owuma.
Mukudziwa? Malo a elm kuti asamange kuvunda pamadzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito muzaka zamakedzana za Ulaya, kumene mipope ya madzi inali yopangidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe inali mkati mwake. Komanso, mitengo ya elm idagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zothandizira za London Bridge (koma kukana uku kuvunda m'madzi kumatayika pa nthaka).
Mbali za kubzala ndi kuswana
Kudyetsa Elm kumachitika m'nthaka yachonde, yotayirira komanso yatsopano yomwe ili ndi alkali. M'tsogolomu, kubzala bwino kudzawathandiza kusamalira mtengo. Mukamabzala, onetsetsani kuti muwonjezere laimu, zomwe zingapangitse mchere wokhala ndi zakudya zamtunduwu kuti ukhale ndi mtengo komanso kuti ukhale ndi zinthu monga nitrogen, magnesium, calcium ndi phosphorous.
Kuswana elm makamaka mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusonkhanitsa mbeu pamlungu mutatha kukolola ndikuzibzala mu chidebe chaching'ono. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, sikuyenera kuika mbewu, kwenikweni 2-5 mm zakuya.
Phunzirani momwe mungapatsire mtengo wa sitiroberi ndi mbewu ya mthethe.
Zidzakhala bwino kuti ukhale ndi chinyezi chakuda kwambiri kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira mutabzala, ndikuphimba chidebe ndi pulasitiki kuti mupange wowonjezera kutentha komanso zinthu zabwino zomwe zingathe kulamulidwa mosavuta. M'nthaka yachonde yodzala ndi mchere, ndi kuthirira bwino ndi kuunikira, chomera chimatuluka patatha sabata mutabzala.
Ndiponso, pofalitsa mitengo, kudula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumapeto kwa masika cuttings kudulidwa, ndiyeno kukonzedwa ndi stimulants zomwe zimathandiza mizu mapangidwe. Kenaka, cuttings ayenera kuikidwa m'madzi ndikudikirira mizu yokonzedwa. Pambuyo pa mizu yoyamba ija, cuttings ingabzalidwe mu nthaka yapadera. 
Kuthirira
Poyamba nthawi yosamba, kuthirira kwa elm kuyenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Koma mutatha kudulira, kuthirira kungakhale kochepa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti dothi liyenera kukhala lopanda madzi. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi sayenera kukhala osowa.
Kupaka pamwamba
Dyetsani elm ndi fetereza organic kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Komanso, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka, chonde, mchenga, mwala, woponyedwa ndi miyala, zowonongeka kompositi zimaphatikizidwa mofanana. Kuonjezera apo, ndikofunikira kupereka chakudya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali m'nthaka yozungulira mtengo, chakudya chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo chidzagwa masamba a mtengo ndi kusasintha kanthu (udzu, kompositi). 
Kupaka pamwamba kumadalira zomwe nthaka yanu ili. Ngati imapindula ndi mchere ndi zakudya, ndiye kuti feteleza wapadera sangafunike konse.
Ngati chomera chanu chimafuna zakudya zamwambo, mukakumana ndi mavuto aakulu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito madiresi pamwamba pa masamba. Pachifukwa ichi, zakudya zonse zimathamanga mofulumira kuposa ngati mukudyetsa mizu. Nkofunika kuti patatha mapulogalamu a foliar musakhale mvula kwa maola 3-4 kuti masamba akhale ndi nthawi yolandira zinthu zonse zopindulitsa.
Mapangidwe a korona
Krona yochepa kuchokera ku January mpaka April, kupanga kumatenga nyengo yonse. Ndi chithandizo cha waya, mungapereke korona chilichonse. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti sikumakula mu khungwa, mwinamwake zipsera zimapangidwa pamtengo, zomwe zidzakhalapo kosatha. Foni yatsala kwa chaka. Kawirikawiri, elm ndi mtengo wodzichepetsa ndipo safuna chisamaliro chapadera. 
Ilm amalekerera kudulira masamba, koma samachitika kawirikawiri kuposa kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri kapena zaka zitatu, muyenera kuganizira mtundu wa zomera.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a kudulira mphesa, yamatcheri, yamapichesi, mapeyala, maapulo, plums, apricots.
Kuti nthambi zikhale zambiri komanso zathanzi, muyenera:
- kawirikawiri kuchepetsa chomera chimaphuka ali wamng'ono;
- kupanga ndi kusunga kutalika kwa mphukira, kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala ngati mawonekedwe a mtengowo amasungidwa mosasunthika, ndipo chomeracho sichiri choposa paliponse;
- "Yambani" - chotsani nthambi zopanda masamba, kuti korona wathunthu upeze zakudya zambiri. Kudula nthambi zoterezi zimafunika pamene nthaka ili bwino ndipo imakhala ndi mchere wofunikira. Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira zatsopano zidzakula mofulumira, chifukwa minofu ya mtengo imakhala yofewa. Ntchito imeneyi ikuchitika panthawi yonse ya kukula. Kudula kumachitidwa kuti musiye tsamba pansi pa odulidwa, popanda kuwononga impso, zomwe ziyenera kutembenuzidwa kutsogolo kwa kukula. Kuunikira kumathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wathanzi komanso kuwala kwapadera mkati mwa korona;
- Chotsani masamba owuma ndi oonongeka omwe nthawi zonse amawoneka m'chilimwe.
Kudulira mitengo yoyenera komanso yokhazikika panthawi yake m'munda wanu wamaluwa. Choncho, mitengo ya zipatso imayamba kubala zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zovuta kwambiri "Dutch elm matenda". Bowa amavala zitsulo mumthambi ndi thunthu la mtengo. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi masamba opotoka a mtengo. Koma ngakhale palibe, mtengowo ukhoza kukhala ndi kachilomboka, koma mosavuta. Pankhaniyi, idzafota chaka chilichonse. Masamba adzalumikiza kenako adagwa kale. Pamapeto pake mtengowo udzafa. 
Mpaka pano, matendawa awonetsa kutha kwa banja la elm m'madera ozungulira nkhalango. Ngati simutenga njira zothandizira bowa, matendawa akhoza kuwononga anthu onse a banja lawo.
Mukudziwa? Bowa (Ophiostoma) linazindikiritsidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ku Holland, motero dzina la matendawa. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti bowa anabweretsedwa ku Holland kuchokera ku East Asia, kenaka n'kufalikira ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America.Tsoka ilo, lero palibe njira yothetsera matendawa. Monga chopewera, muyenera kukonza zogawanika ndikuyesa mtengo woyang'aniridwa. Komanso mitengo ina iliyonse imatha kutetezedwa ndi jekeseni m'munsi mwa thunthu.
Choopsa china cha elm ndi chitetezo - tizilombo, omwe amaoneka ngati ziphuphu kapena kukula pa nthambi za zomera. Maonekedwe a tizirombowa amapezeka pa mawanga oyera kapena achikasu pamasamba. Ngati mawanga ndi oyera, zikutanthauza kuti ndi nkhanambo wamba, mwinamwake ndi bulauni. Tizilombo tingathe kuvulaza chomeracho, chimakhudza nthambi, zipatso, masamba, mtengo wa mtengo ndi kusokoneza kayendetsedwe kake. 
Mtengo umatha kubala chipatso ndipo umataya pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pakapita kanthawi imamwalira.
Ngati mtengo umakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti uyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa kuti usapatsire mitengo ina.
Ndikofunikira! Nsomba zimatha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Choncho, kuwatenga, muyenera kuyesa mbande chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa tizilombo.Kukula mtengo monga elm ndi nthawi yaitali, koma si nthawi yowononga. Ngati mumatsatira malamulo oyambirira a kulima ndipo musalole kuoneka kwa tizirombo, ndiye kuti mukulitse chimphona chokongola komanso chokongola chomwe chingakhale kunyada kwa malo anu.
