Aliyense amene amalima zamasamba kapena zokolola kumalo ake amadziwa kuti ndi kovuta kukula mbewu yopatsa popanda nitrojeni feteleza.
Asitrogeni - Ichi ndicho chofunikira kwambiri cha zakudya pa mbewu zonse, zofunikira kuti chitukuko chitheke mwamsanga, komanso kuwonjezera nkhuni zolimba.
Ndi kusowa nayitrogeni, zomera zimafooka, zimakhala pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadwala. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza omwe ali ndi feteleza ndi njira yosavuta, yofulumira komanso yothandiza kwambiri yodzaza kusowa kwa chigawo ichi. Choncho, m'nkhani ino tikambirana zomwe nitrogen feteleza ziri, kusiyana kwake, komanso ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito yawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza mu ulimi
Mwachigawo amasiyanitsa nitrate nayitrogeni feteleza (nitrate), ammonium ndi amide (urea). Zonsezi zimakhala ndi katundu ndi zosiyana za ntchito pa dothi losiyana.
Mmodzi mwa magulu a feteleza otero ndi nitrate (mchere wa asidi nitric), omwe angakhale sodium, calcium ndi ammonium. Ammonium nitrate ali ndi theka la nayitrogeni mu nitrate, theka la ammonium mawonekedwe ndipo ndi chilengedwe feteleza.
Waukulu "mpikisano" wa ammonium nitrate ndi urea, amene ali pafupifupi kawiri nayitrogeni. Musanayambe kukonda feteleza kapena nayitrogeni, yesetsani kudziwa zomwe zili bwino - urea kapena ammonium nitrate.
Kodi ntchito ammonium nitrate
Ammonium nitrate, kapena ammonium nitrate - mchere feteleza mu mawonekedwe oyera oyera opanga granules kapena odorless makhiristo.
Mitengo ya nitrojeni imadalira mtundu wa feteleza ndi mzere kuyambira 26% mpaka 35%.
Malingana ndi malo a nyengo ndi nthaka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ammonium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Mchere wamchere wosavuta. Ambiri omwe amapereka feteleza omwe amapereka zakudya zabwino kwa zomera ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zomera zonse zomwe zimalimidwa pakatikati.
- Maliko "B". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa feteleza mbande ndi maluwa atakula m'nyumba.
- Ammonium potaziyamu nitrate. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa mitengo ya maluwa ndi zitsamba m'chaka, komanso pamene mubzala mbande pamalo otseguka.
- Magnesium nitrate. Amagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza masamba ndi nyemba. Amalimbikitsa kukula kwa minofu yambiri ndipo imayambitsa njira yopangira photosynthesis. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa magnesium, fetereza imeneyi imayenerera bwino loamy ndi dothi lamchenga.
- Calcium ammonium nitrate. Feteleza ndi zowonongeka, zimakhudza zomera, sizikukhudzanso nthaka ya acidity, ili ndi 27% ya nitrogen, 4% ya calcium, 2% magnesiamu.
- Calcium nitrate. Malo abwino kwambiri pa nthaka ya tiyi.
Mwachidziwikire wamaluwa onse amadziwa kuti ammonium nitrate ndi ngati feteleza ndipo ndi malamulo ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kuti asamakhudze munthu. Mphamvu ya feteleza iliyonse imayikidwa pamapangidwe ake, iwo sangakhoze kupitilira mulimonsemo.
Ammonium nitrate imayambira pansi pa kukumba kwa munda pokonzekera kubzala. Mukamabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuvala pamwamba. Ngati dzikolo silili lachonde kwambiri ndipo lathyoka kwambiri, mlingo woyenera wa saltpeter ndi 50 g pa 1 mita imodzi. m) Pa nthaka yabwino, yachonde - pafupifupi 20-30 g pa 1 lalikulu. m
Mukamabzala mbande mutseguka ngati chovala chokwanira 1 tbsp. makapu pa mmera uliwonse. Kukula mbewu zowonjezera, pitirizani kudyetsa masabata atatu mutakula. Pochita izi, nthawi imodzi pa nyengo, mabowo osapangidwira amapangidwa mu kanjira, kumene ammonium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi 6-8 g pa 1 mita imodzi. mita mita.
Zamasamba (tomato, nkhaka, etc.) zimadyetsedwa pamene mubzala kapena sabata mutatha kuika. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya ammonium nitrate monga feteleza, zomera zimakula molimba ndi kuwonjezera misala ya foliar. Zovala zotsatirazi za feteleza zoterezi zimachitika pafupifupi sabata isanakwane maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a azitrogeni sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya chipatso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito urea mu ntchito ya kumunda
Urea, kapena carbamide - feteleza monga mawonekedwe a crystalline granules okhala ndi nayitrogeni wokhutira (46%). Izi ndizovala bwino, ndizochita zabwino komanso zokhazokha.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa urea ndi ammonium nitrate ndi kuti urea uli ndi kawiri nayitrogeni.
The zakudya katundu 1 makilogalamu a urea ndi ofanana ndi 3 makilogalamu a nitrate. Mavitrogeni mu maonekedwe a urea, mosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi, pamene zakudya sizipita pansi.
Urea akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito monga kudya kwa foliar, chifukwa pamene mlingo ukuwonetseredwa, umachita bwino ndipo suwotcha masamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti fetereza imeneyi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nyengo yokula ya zomera, ndizoyenera ku mitundu yonse ndikugwiritsiridwa ntchito.
- Kudyetsa kwakukulu (musanafese). Makristara a Urea ayenera kuwonjezeka 4-5 masentimita pansi, monga ammonia ikuuluka panja. Pa nthaka yothirira, fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito musanamwe ulimi wothirira. Pankhaniyi, mlingo wa urea pa 100 mita mamita. M ayenera kukhala kuchokera 1.3 mpaka 2 kg.
Ndikofunikira! Urea ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka 10-15 masiku asanayambe kufesa, kotero kuti mankhwala owononga biuret, omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya urea, ali ndi nthawi yotha. Mitengo yambiri ya biuret (kuposa 3%), zomera zidzafa.
- Kufesa kuvala (pakufesa). Ndibwino kuti mugwiritsire ntchito pamodzi ndi feteleza potashi kuti mupereke chonchi pakati pa feteleza ndi mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa kwa uniformum feteleza feteleza ndi urea kumathandiza kuthetsa mavuto omwe urea angakhale nawo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa biuret. Mlingo wa urea mukamadya 10 mita mamita. m ayenera kukhala 35-65 g.
- Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar. Zimapangidwa ndi utsi m'mawa kapena madzulo. Yankho la urea (5%) siliwotcha masamba, mosiyana ndi ammonium nitrate. Mlingo wa kudyetsa foliar pa 100 mita mamita. m - 50-100 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi.
Urea akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa dothi losiyanasiyana la maluwa opatsa feteleza, zipatso ndi mabulosi, maluwa ndi mbewu zouma.
Mukudziwa? Urea angagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana ndi tizirombo ta tizilombo ta mitengo ya zipatso. Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya sikuli pansi +5 °C, koma masamba a mitengo sanagwedezeke, korona wa sprayed ndi yankho la urea (50-70 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Izi zidzakuthandizani kuchotsa tizirombo zomwe zimabisala mmunda. Musapitirire mlingo wa urea mukamapopera mankhwala, ikhoza kutentha masamba.
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa urea ndi ammonium nitrate ndi chiyani?
Ammonium nitrate ndi urea onse awiri azitrogeni feteleza, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo. Choyamba, ali ndi nthenda yosiyanasiyana ya nayitrogeni muzolembazo: 46% nayitrogeni mu urea poyerekeza ndi 35% mu nitre.
Urea sungagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha ngati kudya kwakukulu, komanso nthawi ya kukula kwa zomera, pamene ammonium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka.
Urea, mosiyana ndi ammonium nitrate, ndi wofatsa feteleza. Koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndiko saltpeter mfundo - ndi mchere wambirindi urea - organic.
Mothandizidwa ndi mizu, chomeracho chimadyetsa mchere wokha, komanso kupyolera mwa masamba onse mchere ndi organic, koma zochepa. Urea ayenera kupita kutali kwambiri asanayambe kuchita kanthu, koma amakhalabe ndi zakudya zowonjezera.
Komabe, izi siziri kusiyana pakati pa urea ndi ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate amakhudza acidity wa nthaka, mosiyana ndi urea. Choncho, kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pa dothi la acidic, komanso zomera ndi maluwa zomwe sizilekerera kuwonjezeka kwa acidity, urea ndi yothandiza kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri ya nayitrogeni mu ammonium nitrate - ammonia ndi nitrate, kuyamwa kwa dothi losiyana kumawonjezeka. Ammonium nitrate imakhala ikuphulika ndipo imakhala ndi malo apadera osungirako ndi oyendetsa. Urea amamvetsetsa kokha kupitirira chinyezi.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito ammonium nitrate m'dzikoli
Zina mwa ubwino wa ammonium nitrate ndi zotsatirazi.
Malingana ndi chuma, saltpeter imapindulitsa kwambiri kwa munda wa ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, ndipo umamwawo ndi 1 makilogalamu pa 100 mita mamita. mamita Ammonium nitrate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka mochedwa autumn. Komanso, ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunika - ma granules amayaka chipale chofewa, chomwe chimapangitsa kufesa feteleza pamwamba pa chisanu popanda mantha a chipale chofewa kapena chivundikiro chofewa cha chipale chofewa.
Wina wabwino khalidwe saltpeter - luso lochita mu nthaka yozizira. Mphesa, zitsamba, masamba osatha ndi mitengo zimamera ndi ammonium nitrate ngakhale pa dothi lazira, lophimbidwa ndi mkaka. Panthawiyi, nthaka, ngakhale "kugona", ili ndi njala ya nayitrogeni. Manyowa opangidwa ndi nthaka ndi dothi sungathe kupirira, pamene ayamba kuchita pamene dothi likuwomba mokwanira. Koma nitrate amagwira ntchito bwino.
Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zogwirizana ndi ammonium nitrate, feteleza uyu ali ndi mbali zolakwika, mwachitsanzo, izo contraindicated kwa dothi la asidi. Saltpeter iyenera kuyikidwa bwino pakati pa mizera kuti ammonia yotulutsidwayo isasokoneze mbewu.
Posachedwapa, zakhala zovuta kugula ammonium nitrate, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa wamaluwa omwe amagula feteleza zambiri - makilogalamu oposa 100. Mfundo iyi, komanso mavuto a kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi yosungirako zinthu zimapangitsa kuti sitima ya mchere ikhale yosavuta komanso yovuta kwambiri kwa wamaluwa.
Zochita ndi zowononga za ntchito ya urea
Ganizirani tsopano za ubwino ndi zopweteka za urea. Zina mwa ubwino ndizotheka kutsimikizira kuti urea nayitrogeni ndi yosavuta komanso mwamsanga imatengedwa ndi zikhalidwe. Chotsatira chotsatira ndicho kuthekera kokwaniritsa chakudya choyenera cha foliar, Ichi ndicho feteleza chokha chomwe sichimachititsa kuti zomera ziwotche.
Urea ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa dothi lonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti ali osowa kapena owala, omwe sangathe kunena za ammonium nitrate. Urea amasonyeza bwino kwambiri pa nthaka yothirira. Chosavuta kumva ndi chakuti urea ukhoza kupangidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: foliar ndi basal komanso nthawi zosiyana.
Kuipa kwa carbamide kumaphatikizapo kuti pamafunikira nthawi yambiri kuti ayambe kuchitapo kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizowonjezera kuthetsa msanga zizindikiro za kusowa kwa nayitrogeni mu zomera.
Komanso, carbamide imagwirizana ndi zosungirako (zimawopa chinyezi). Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mavuto osungiramo ammonium nitrate, urea imabweretsa mavuto ochepa.
Ngati mbeu ikukhudzana ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba, pali chiwopsezo cha kuchepa mmera. Koma zonse zimadalira mizu ya zomera. Ndi nthendayi yokhazikika, vutoli ndi lopanda phindu, ndipo pokhala ndi tsinde limodzi lokha, monga la beet, zomera zimamwalira kwathunthu. Urea sagwira ntchito pa chisanu, nthaka yozizira, choncho sizothandiza panthaka yakucha yolima feteleza.
Choncho, mutatha kufufuza ubwino ndi chiopsezo, sankhani zomwe zingakhale bwino kudyetsa m'chaka - ammonium nitrate kapena urea, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa zolinga. Zonse zimadalira cholinga chomwe mukuchikonzekera pokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza: kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mbewu ndi chitsamba cholimba kapena kusintha ubwino ndi kukula kwa chipatsocho. Pofuna kukakamiza zokolola kukula, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate, komanso kuti ukhale wabwino komanso kukula kwa chipatso - urea.
