Nkhumba zigawikidwa mu nyama, mitundu ya mafuta ndi nyama yankhumba. Mitundu yambiri ya nkhumba, yomwe ingapereke nyama yokwanira, yowonda kwambiri, ili m'gulu la nyama yankhumba.
Amakhalanso ndi mafuta ochepa pansi pa khungu. Mmodzi mwa mitundu iyi ya nkhumba ndi wokongola. Ndikofunikira kwambiri osati m'mayiko a Kumadzulo okha, komanso abambo athu amawakonda kwambiri.
Kuwonjezera apo mu nkhaniyi tidzafotokoza za mtundu wa nkhumba Landrace ndi zithunzi, komanso momwe mungatherere nyama izi ndi kuwasamalira.
Makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za mtunduwu
Landrace ndi mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa nkhumba. Anagwidwa kuti atulutse kuchuluka kwa nyama, osati mafuta.
Mbiri yobereka
Landrasov inabzalidwa ndi kubereka nkhumba ya ku Denmark ndi Chingerezi chachikulu choyera. Zinachitika ku Denmark kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Ng'ombe yoyera yoyera chifukwa chowoloka inasankhidwa osati mwadzidzidzi, koma chifukwa chakuti ili ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso abwino.
Izi ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti nkhumba zoyera zili ndi zovuta zambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo matanki ofooka ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo chifukwa cha kufooka kwa miyendo yamphongo. Kuti azitsamba zikhale zovuta kwambiri komanso zamphamvu, obereketsa amakhalanso ndi mtundu wa nyama yotchedwa Landrace.
Ngati tikulankhula za kukhala olimbitsa thupi, mphamvu za thupi, kukana kupanikizika, komanso zizindikiro za nyama, malowa okhala ndi mitundu ikuluikulu amaposa kwambiri ma congeners. 
Maonekedwe
Zinyama zapachilombozi zimasiyana ndi zina mwa thupi lawo lamphamvu, komanso m'magazi ofunikira kwambiri. Thupi lomwe ali nalo lalitali ndi lalitali, lopangidwa ndi torpedo.
Mutu ndi waung'ono ndipo umalowa mu khosi labwino. Kumbuyo kumakhala koongoka, ndipo chifuwa ndi chopapatiza. Khungu ndi lochepa thupi komanso lopsa. Thupi lonse la nkhono za landra zili ndi zofiira ndi zofewa zofiira.
Miyendo ya nyama izi ndi ya kutalika. Nkhumba zathanzi nthawi zonse zimayenda mofulumira kudzera mu nkhumba. Chinthu chosiyana, chomwe n'zosatheka kukumbukira pofotokozera nthakaas mtundu wa nkhumba, ndizitali makutu. Amayendayenda pamaso pa nyamayo.
Phunzirani momwe mungamangire nkhumba.
Ichi ndi nkhumba yaikulu. Amuna amatha kukula mamita awiri m'litali, ndipo chigamba cha pachifuwa chawo nthawi imodzi chimatha kufika mamita limodzi ndi theka. Malinga ndi kufesa, nthawi zambiri samakula motalika kuposa 1.6 m, ndipo chifuwa cha chifuwa chawo chimakhala 1.5 m.
Makhalidwe abwino
Phindu la kusunga nkhumba zakhala likuyamikiridwa ndi alimi ambiri. Nyama zoterozo sizimadzikundira mafuta ambiri. Kupindula kwakukulu kumapanganso mapuloteni, omwe amathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa nyama zinyama.
Amapeza pafupifupi 700 g wolemera patsiku, zomwe angathe kulemera makilogalamu 20 ali ndi miyezi iwiri. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, mukhoza kufika makilogalamu 100 a nyama kulemera kwake.
Kulemera kolemera kotereku komanso kukula kwa nkhumba kumapulumutsa kwambiri ndalama za razvodchiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa, choncho, kuwonjezera phindu la phindu.
Nkhumba yaikulu imatha kulemera makilogalamu 270-310, kufesa mbewu zazitsamba - pafupifupi 200 makilogalamu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngakhale zolemera zazikuluzikulu, zinyama zimagwira ntchito komanso zimayenda.
Pakati pa mbeu za nyama yankhumba, nkhumba za Landrace zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwazochita zabwino kwambiri. Mukayerekezera kuchuluka kwa nyama ndi makulidwe a mthunzi, ndiye malinga ndi zizindikiro izi, ali 2-5% kuposa mitundu ina. 
Zinyama zimenezi zimaonedwa kuti ndizowonjezereka, chifukwa nkhumba zowonongeka zimatha kupanga nkhumba 10-12 pa nthawi imodzi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ali ndi chibadwa champhamvu kwambiri chokhala ndi amayi ndipo amadziwika bwino ndi mkaka wabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Kulima kwabwino kumatheka kokha pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwino. Kuti nkhumba zifulumire kukula, kukula ndi kulemera, ayenera kupereka malo ofunda ndi owuma, komanso zakudya zabwino. Zomwezo ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa ofesa kuti apereke ana ambiri.
Momwe mungasankhire nkhumba mukamagula
Ngati mukukonzekera kusunga nyama ziwiri pakhomo lanu, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kuti mutenge nkhumba ziwiri. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti, kuyambira mwezi wachisanu, amayi akupita kukasaka. Zimasokonezana wina ndi mnzake, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ubwino wa fattening.
Kusankha nkhumba kuti mugule, muyenera kumvetsera mafuta ake. Ponena za mphamvu yaikulu ya malamulo, komanso momwe moyo wa nkhumba umakhalira, zidzatanthawuza thupi labwino, mafupa amphamvu komanso okongola kwambiri.
Khungu liyenera kukhala losalala ndi zotanuka, ndipo ziyenera kukhalapo zokwanira. Bristle wa nkhumba yathanzi ayenera kukhala yopanda kanthu, mchira uli wouma ndi woyera. 
Mbiri yowongoka kapena yokhotakhota ya mphutsi ikhoza kunena za mphamvu ya msana, msana uyenera kukhala wododometsa pang'ono, chifuwa - chakuya ndi chachikulu. Miyendo iyeneranso kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yogawanika, ziboda ziyenera kukhala zokongola komanso zoyera.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchotsa njoka zamphongo, kuchepa, komanso miyendo yopyapyala ndi yopingasa ndizisonyezo za thupi lofooka la thupi la nyama.
Ponena za mafuta, ziyenera kukhala zabwino, koma osati mopitirira malire. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha mapapo a nyama. Ngati nkhumbazo ndi zovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapuma, kukopa kapena kupuma, ndiye izi zimasonyeza matenda a mapapu. Nkhumba yathanzi imapuma kwambiri, popanda kukopa ndi kuyenda.
Chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukula ndi chitukuko cha nkhumba ndi kulemera kwa moyo. Ali ndi zaka 3-4, nkhumba yomwe imapangidwa nthawi zambiri imayenera kulemera makilogalamu 5-7, ali ndi zaka 7-8 - 14-18 makilogalamu.
Komanso chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha chinyama chabwino kwambiri ndicho kutalika kwa thupi lake. Ndi nkhumba zazikulu zomwe zidzakula msanga ndikukula bwino. 
Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhumba monga: karmal, petren, lamba wofiira, Hungarian mangalitsa, Vietnamese vislobryukhaya, downy mangalitsa, dyurok, mirgorodskaya.
Zomwe amangidwa
Nkhumba za Landrace ziyenera kusungidwa ndi cholembera chofunda komanso chouma. Sitiyenera kukhala ndizithunzi, ndipo kutentha sikungagwe pansi pa madigiri 20. Muyeneranso kuika m'malo mwa zinyalala, zomwe nthawi zonse zizikhala zoyera, zatsopano komanso zowuma.
Ngati zinyama zimagwidwa kumadera ozizira pang'ono, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuziika m'mazenerala pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono za Canada (musasinthe zinyalala). Zinyama zinyama zimachita m'malo mopweteketsa kutsika kutentha, drafts ndi dothi.
Choncho, kuti muteteze nkhumba zotere, muyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti adzayenera kulipira kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kuti muyeso wa chipinda cha munthu mmodzi, chifukwa mumakhala wambiri ndipo nkhuku izi zidzakula ndikuyamba kudwala matenda. Choncho, chifukwa cha boar, muyenera kutenga pafupifupi 6 mamita mamita a malo, ndi nkhumba - pafupifupi 4 mita mamita.
Nkofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa kuyatsa kokwanira: malo onse a mawindo ayenera kukhala osachepera limodzi mwa magawo asanu a pansi. 
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba sizikutuluka thukuta. Iwo ali ndi glands zochepa kwambiri. Zamoyo zinyama izi sizingathe kudziziritsa chifukwa cha thukuta, monga, mwachitsanzo, thupi la munthu. Nguruwe ikakwera mokondwera m'madzi, koma monga mukudziwa, palibe yemwe amasangalala ndi mathithi ake. Ndicho chifukwa chake nyama zimakwera mumatope amadzi, motero amadikirira kutentha kwa masana.
Kusamalira nyama
Kuti mlimi asakumane ndi matenda a zinyama, imfa yawo, komanso kutayika kwa phindu la kubereketsa, nkofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo ovomerezeka ndi ndondomeko pakukweza nkhumba zowomba.
Katemera
Ngakhale mutagula nkhumba, muyenera kupempha wogulitsa kalata kuchokera kwa veterinarian. Ziyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana zokhudzana ndi katemera wa prophylactic. Nkhumba zikawonekera pa famu yawo, ndiye katemera ayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Pa tsiku lachitatu la moyo wa nkhumba, amafunikira kukhala ndi seramu yambiri, yomwe imateteza nyama ku colibacillosis ndi salmonellosis. Anayambitsanso mavitamini ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo chitsulo;
- nkhumba zikadakhala miyezi umodzi ndi theka, ziyenera katemera motsutsana ndi leptospirosis, pakuwona nthawi ya masiku asanu ndi awiri pakati pa njira;
- m'mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo, nyama zimayenera katemera ku erysipelas;
- ali ndi miyezi itatu ayenera katemera katemera.
Ukhondo
Ngakhale zili choncho, nkhumba zimakonda kwambiri ukhondo. Ngati muwasungira zowonongeka ndi zonyansa, ndiye kuti pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa nyama ndi helminth matenda, pasteurellosis ndi sarcoptosis. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti nthawi zonse muyeretseni cholembera, ndipo nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zizisamba m'madzi otentha.
Kuunikira, kutentha
Kuunikira moyenerera ndi microclimate yokwanira ndizofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti mtundu wa Landrace ndi wovuta kwambiri kutsika kutentha ndi ma drafts.
Choncho, ndikofunika kuyesa kulemba m'kati mwa kutentha kwa mpweya pa mlingo wa madigiri 20. Ponena za kuyatsa, njira yabwino ikanakhala yogwirizanitsa kuwala kwachilengedwe.
Ngati ndi bwino kusintha njira yowunikira, zidzatheka kusintha maonekedwe a magazi a nkhumba, komanso kukweza mlingo wotsutsa matenda.
Kuyenda
Apanso, mtundu wa Landrace ndi nkhumba yolimba komanso yogwira ntchito. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, nyengo ikamalola, amafunika kupereka mpata wothamanga paulendo. Momwemonso, padzakhalanso ndi zida ndi mabhati. 
Ndikofunikira! Mabala a piglets ayenera kutsukidwa ndi katemera. Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu komanso athanzi, posakhala katemera, nyamazi nthawi zambiri zimadwala.
Zimene mungadye
Kuti mupeze nyama yankhumba yabwino, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nyamayo idya zakudya zoyenera. Mtengo wa tsiku ndi tsiku uyenera kugawa m'magawo awiri, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, akulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa nkhumba katatu.
M'pofunikanso kudziwa kuti kudya zakudya zamtundu wambiri kumachititsa kuti pakhale mafuta ochepa kwambiri, kotero ndikofunika kuchepetsa chakudya chophatikizidwa pamodzi ndi nkhumba: chakudya, chimanga, udzu.
Kuti mtundu wa Landrace ukhale wothandiza masamba atsopano, mizu, silage. Poyamba ndikuika masamba atsopano, makamaka mitsuko ndi clover, komanso dzungu.
Koma nkhumba zazing'ono ziyenera kufufuza nthawi zonse ndipo ngati pali zizindikiro zowonjezera kulemera, perekani chakudya chowonjezera. 
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba yamoto ya fungo ikhoza kupikisana mukumvetsetsa ndi fungo la galu. Choncho, a Chifalansa amagwiritsa ntchito nkhumbazi kuti afufuze nkhumba zomwe zimakula mozama pa 10-16 masentimita m'nthaka. Lero, nkhumba zophunzitsidwa ndizophulika kwambiri za mabomba, mankhwala, ndi zina.
Mlandu ndi kuswana kwa nyama zinyama
Nkhumba ikawoneka yofiira m'deralo, muyenera kulingalira posankha nkhumba zodyetsera nyama.. Ndiponsotu, ngati m'minda yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kubereka nkhumba, kufufuza nkhumba zogonana sizingakhale vuto, ndiye kuti pamakhala zoweta zoweta zinyama, muyenera kuganizira za kufufuza.
Akufesa kufunafuna pafupi masiku awiri. Kuti mupambane bwino ndi mating a nyama za mtundu uwu, m'pofunika kupereka nkhumba ndi boar 2-3 nthawi. Mating oyamba ayenera kukhazikitsidwa patatha maola khumi kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira za chikhumbo zikuwonetsedwa mu nkhumba, yotsatira - pafupifupi maola khumi ndi awiri pambuyo pake.
Nkhumba yomwe imakonzeka kuti ikhale yolumikizana nthawi zambiri imakhala yosasunthira podziphimba ndi boar. Zikatero, ngati sangalole, alowetsa, ndiye izi ndizisonyezero kuti kuyendayenda kumalephera.
Ena razvodchiki, makamaka osadziŵa zambiri, podziwa kufunika kochita zinthu ziwiri kuti akwaniritse bwino, asiye boar ndikufesa m'khola kapena khola limodzi. 
Sikoyenera kuti tichite izi, chifukwa kudutsa kwambiri kumakhala ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa nkhumba zomwe zinakonzedweratu. Komanso, njira yothetsera mwana iyenera kuyang'anitsitsa, chifukwa panthawiyi nkhumba zimakhala zowawa kwambiri, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga wina ndi mzake ndi zilonda. Izi makamaka makamaka nkhumba zazikulu.
Kuyanjana kumakhala koyenera ngati, pambuyo pa masabata 2-3 pambuyo pake, nkhumba sizionetsa zizindikiro za kusaka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kukhalapo kwa mtanda umodzi wosasunthika si chifukwa choyamba kudyetsa nkhumba pofuna cholinga chophera.
Kusalephera kungakhale kusamalidwa chifukwa cha umphawi wabwino. Komanso, chifukwa chake chingakhale nthawi yolakwika, pamene nkhumba inali isanakonzekere.
Chomwe chimayambitsa kusamalidwa bwino ndikutaya nkhumba kapena kulemera kwake. Mungayesenso, koma ndi boar ina. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko ya nyama, sayenera kukhala ndi njala.
Nkhumba za nkhumba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, choncho ndizofunikira kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa iwo. Kusakanikirana pakati pa mtundu uwu ndi kovuta kwambiri, kotero abambo ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuthandiza mlimi. 
Mu mtundu wa Landrace, nkhumba za nkhumba zimabadwa masiku 114 mutatha kukwatira. Nkhumba yolemera ndi pafupifupi 1.5-2 makilogalamu.
Nkhumba zakubadwa zimafunika kuti ziwume zouma, kuchotsa chingwe cha umbilical, komanso kuthana ndi bala la umbilical ndi yankho la ayodini. Pambuyo pake, nkhumba ziyenera kuikidwa pazitsulo zoyera komanso zowuma, ndipo nyali yoyera pafupi nayo iyenera kuikidwa kuti nkhumba zisamaundane.
Ana obadwa kumene ayenera kubweretsedwa ku nkhono za nkhumba mkati mwa ola loyamba atatha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wa nyama, zamoyo zikhoza kukula.
M'masiku oyambirira a moyo, nkhumba ziyenera kudyetsedwa mkaka wokha. Anthu ofooka ayenera kuikidwa m'mimba ya mayi, chifukwa pali mkaka wambiri pamenepo.
Nkhumba ziyenera kukonzedwa pamodzi ndi mayi, koma cholembera chiyenera kugawidwa mu magawo awiri. Ndikofunika kuti apange kuti nkhumba zisamawononge mwanayo mwangozi.
Komanso, mtundu wa Landrace umadziwika ndi umoyo wokhazikika wa nkhawa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kusonyeza chiwawa pakati pa ana awo komanso ngakhale kuzidya. 
Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhumba zazing'ono, zonsezi zimakhala zofunika. Kudyetsa ng'ombe kwa amayi awo kuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa maola awiri kapena atatu.
Monga mukuonera, ndondomeko yosamalira nkhumba za nkhumba zimakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri, nthawi ndi khama kuti zinyama izi zizikhala bwino. Koma khalidwe la mankhwala limakhudza zonse zomwe zimayendera. Ndipo alimi aliwonse adzatha kuphunzira zonse zokhudza kusamalira zinyama.
