Kodi kukula tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha?
Funso limeneli limakhudza ambiri wamaluwa.
Ndiponsotu, njira yotentha yomwe imapanga chikhalidwe imathandiza kuti nthawi yokolola ikhale yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi yomwe ikukula padera, ndipo mosiyana ndi mbeuyi, mbeuyi itatha kale.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunikira kutsatira malamulo a agrotechnical ndipo chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti izi zikhale chikhumbo cha chilimwe wokhalamo kuti azichita ntchito yomwe amakonda.
Malingaliro omwe ali m'nkhani ino adzakuthandizani kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna ndikupeza zipatso zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma za banja lanu.
Zinsinsi zonse za kukula mbewu mu greenhouse
- Chikhalidwe choyamba ndi chofunikira ndi kupereka kuwala kokwanira ndi kutentha kwa chikhalidwe. Kwa izi, mbande zimabzalidwa, mu filimu yakuda ya mtundu, mabedi. Motero mizu imatetezedwa ku kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Firimuyi imachotsedwa kumapeto kwa June.
- Mbali yachiwiri yofunikira ndiyo kuchotsa mphukira zochuluka pa tchire. Chiwerengero chabwino cha mphukira ndi zitatu kapena zinayi.
- Ndi chipatsocho chimayeretsa pamadzi ochepa, izi zimateteza kutchire kuchokera ku imvi zowola.
- Kawiri pa mwezi, kuswa kwa masamba kumangokhala pamalo pomwe zipatsozo zinang'ambika. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mbeuyo ipeze mpweya wokwanira ndi kutentha.
- Mwezi uliwonse amadyetsa chikhalidwe ndi kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mchere, komwe kuli ndi zofunikira zonse zofunikira kuti mbewuyo ikhale.
- Ndibwino kuti muchotse chipatso cha chitsamba panthawi yopanda kukwanira; izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kaya ndi sheya kapena mpeni, koma osati kutsitsa tsinde la zipatso.
- Mpweya wobiriwira uyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, osalola kutentha kutulukire + 28 ° C ndi kutentha kwa mpweya. Komanso, polowera mu wowonjezera kutentha, njuchi zimatha kuwuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokolola.
- Musanadzalemo tsabola, sulfure, phulusa kapena fumbi mumtundu. Ndipo pakukonzekera chikhalidwecho ndi sprayed ndi nthumwi zokhudzana ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana ndi bowa ndi tizirombo tina.
- Chomaliza, chinsinsi chotsiriza ndi chakuti tsabola saloledwa kubzalidwa pafupi ndi mbewu zina.
Tsabola wosiyana-siyana "Mphatso ya Moldova" imaulula zinsinsi zonsezi
Pepper "Mphatso ya Moldova" imatanthawuza mitundu yochepa ya kukula ndipo ndi masentimita 45. Chitsamba sichikufalikira.
Chomeracho ndi chakumera. Tsabola pa chitsamba ali mu dziko lopachikidwa. Chikhalidwe chimatanthawuza mitundu ndi sing'anga kucha.
Chiwerengero cha masiku a nyengo yokula ndi 125-135.
Pepper idzakondweretsa iwe ndi minofu, chokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo zamkati. Kulemera kwake, komwe ndi magalamu 90. Tsabola ali ndi mawonekedwe a conical.
Kutalika kwa khoma ndi 5 mm. Panthawi ya malingaliro, chipatsocho ndi chobiriwira, ndipo kale pa nthawi yotsiriza tsabola imakhala yofiira.
Mphatso ya ku Moldavia yakhala ndi chidaliro chachikulu pakati pa anthu a chilimwe komanso malo obiriwira. Tsabola ndi yoyenera kwambiri kumakhoza kunyumba, zomwe zimakondweretsa amayi. Zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizokondweretsa kwambiri, ndizofika mamita asanu ndi awiri.
Chimene chimakondweretsa "Mphatso ya Moldova" ya osankhidwa ake:
- Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kwambiri.
- Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chomera, ndikosavuta kumusamalira.
- Chikhalidwe sichinthu chovuta kwambiri kuti chikhale ndi nyengo komanso chimapangitsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kukhale kovuta. Komanso tsabola amatha kusintha mosiyana ndi nthaka.
- Ndi kulima bwino, "Mphatso ya Moldova" idzakupatsani inu mphatso zopatsa.
- Pepper ndi yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Gulu lotsatira, lomwe tikufotokoza, lidzatulutsa "Mirage"
Tsabola yokoma ya "Mirage" imatanthawuza mitundu yochepa kwambiri yomwe ikukula ndipo ndi masentimita 40. Chitsamba sichikufalikira, ndipo pali masamba ochepa kwambiri.
Tsabola pa chitsamba ali mu dziko loopsya. Chikhalidwe chimatanthawuza mitundu yomwe yakucha kucha msanga.
Chiwerengero cha masiku a nyengo yokula ndi osakwana miyezi itatu.
Pepper idzakupangitsani kukhala wokondwa minofu, nyama yokoma ndi yowutsa madzi. Unyinji, umene uli magalamu 150. Pepper mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Kukula kwa khoma kungakhale kosiyana ndipo kumatenga 5 mpaka 10 mm. Panthawi ya malingaliro, chipatsocho chimakhala mtundu wobiriwira wa kirimu, ndipo kale pa nthawi yomaliza, tsabola amakhala wofiira. Mirage imakhala ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri.
Pepper ndi yoyenera kwambiri kumakhoza kunyumba komanso ntchito zina zomwe zimakondweretsa amayi.
Gulu la zokolola lidzakupatseni, ndilofika pa 5.3 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Koma makhalidwe abwino pepper "Mirage":
- Zipatso za izi zosiyanasiyana zingadzitamande ndi khalidwe lapamwamba.
- Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chomera, ndikosavuta kumusamalira.
- Chizindikiro chabwino ndizotheka kutengerapo mtunda wautali wa zipatso.
- Ndi kulima bwino, "Mirage" idzakupatsa mphatso zowolowa manja.
- Pepper ndi yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Zosiyanasiyana ndi kukula msinkhu.
Zofooka muzinthu zosiyanasiyana sizindikiridwa.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe Tsabola ya Accord ili nayo?
Pepper "Chigwirizano" amatanthauza mitundu yomwe ili ndi kusasitsa koyambirira. Chiwerengero cha miyezi ya kukula nyengo ndi osachepera atatu.
Tsabola "Chigwirizano" ndichigawo chokhazikika, chimatanthawuza mitundu yambiri ya kukula ndipo ili pafupi mita imodzi.
Tsabola pa chitsamba ali mu dziko loopsya.
Chikhalidwe chidzakupatsani zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma. Misa yawo ili mpaka 190 magalamu.
Pepper ali ndi mawonekedwe osagwirizana omwe ali nawo. Kukula kwake ndi 10-11 * 6-10 masentimita.
Kukula kwa khoma kungakhale kosiyana ndipo kumatenga 6 mm. Panthawi ya maonekedwe, tsabola "Chigwirizano" chimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo pakutha komaliza tsabolayo imakhala yofiira.
Pepper ndi yabwino kwambiri kumakhoza kunyumba komanso kupanga saladi.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa kubzala mitundu mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala tchire zisanu pa mita imodzi.
Gulu la zokolola lidzakupatsaninso, ndilo makilogalamu 10 pa mita imodzi iliyonse.
Koma makhalidwe abwino pepper "Mirage":
- Pepper amadya zokolola zambiri
- Ndi kulima bwino, Chidziwitso chidzakupatsani mphatso zowolowa manja ndi zowakhazikika.
- Pepper sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka verticillus ndi fodya ya mafilimu.
- Chikhalidwe ndi kukula msinkhu.
- Pepper amasangalala kwambiri kukoma.
Tsabola yabwino ya tsabola "Chigwirizano" ndi chapamwamba kuchepetsa kutentha ndi mpweya.
Kufotokozera za mitundu ya tsabola wokoma "Barguzin"
Pepper "Barguzin" amatanthauza mitundu ya sing'anga yoyamba yakucha. Nthawi ya zomera za tsabolayi ndi miyezi inayi yoposa.
Pepper "Barguzin" imatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yaitali, ndipo imatha kufika masentimita 80. Tsabola pa chitsamba chili mu dziko loopsya.
Mtengo wa tsabola umasiyana pakati pa 17-20 * 6-8 masentimita. Chikhalidwe chidzakupatsani zipatso zokoma komanso zokoma. Mitengo ya zipatso imafika pa 170 mpaka 200 magalamu.
Tsabolayi ili ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe aatali kwambiri. Kukula kwa khoma kungakhale kosiyana ndipo kumatenga 6 mm.
Panthawi ya malingaliro, tsabola "Barguzin" imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo pakutha komaliza tsabola imapeza mtundu wokongola wachikasu.
Pepper "Barguzin" ndi yabwino kwambiri kuti mukhale watsopano.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa kubzala mitundu mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala tchire zitatu kapena zisanu pa mita iliyonse.
Zokolola za mbeu ndizolemera makilogalamu 10 pa mita imodzi.
Kodi chingakondweretse bwanji tsabola wanu wamaluwa "Barguzin"
- Pepper "Barguzin" ikhoza kukukondweretsani ndi zokolola zambiri
- Chikhalidwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, komanso makamaka ku fodya.
- Chikhalidwe chiri m'mawa oyambirira.
- Pepper "Barguzin" imasinthidwa kuti zikhale zosiyana siyana, kukula kwa nyengo bwino ndi kusinthasintha kwa nthaka.
Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya tsabola ku Siberia.
Ndipo kotero ife tinafika ku kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha "Cornet"
Tsabola wokoma "Cornet" imatanthawuza miyambo ya kucha. Nthawi yobzala ya zomera izi ndi zoposa miyezi itatu.
Pepper "Cornet" imatanthawuza mitundu yayitali kwambiri, ndipo imatha kufika pa masentimita 120 mpaka 160. Tsabola pa chitsamba chiri mu dziko loopsya.
Chikhalidwe chiri ndi zipatso zokongola kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chidzakupatsani zipatso zokoma ndi zokoma. Mitengo ya zipatso imakhala yochokera ku 180 mpaka 200 magalamu.
Pepper ali ndi mawonekedwe aakulu a prism. Kukula kwa khoma kungakhale kosiyana ndipo kumatenga 6 mm.
Panthawi ya malingaliro, tsabola "Cornet" imakhala ndi mdima wobiriwira, ndipo pakutha komaliza tsabola imakhala ndi mtundu wodabwitsa kwambiri.
Pepper "Cornet" ndi yosiyana mkulu wa carotene.
Kuchulukitsa kwa kubzala tsabola "Cornet" mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala madengu anai pa mita iliyonse.
Zokolola za mbeu ndizolemera makilogalamu 10 pa mita imodzi.
Ndi mtundu wanji makhalidwe abwino ali ndi tsabola yachilendo:
- Pepper "Cornet" idzakondweretsa iwe ndi zokolola zambiri.
- Chikhalidwe chimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
- Chomeracho ndi chakumayambiriro kwa kucha.
- Chinthu chosiyana ndi zipatso zabwino.
- Mukhozanso kusankha kukondana kwa zipatso.
- Mu tsabola "Cornet" ili ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Kukula tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha: kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani pazimenezi?
Tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukula m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi mbande.
Ambiri wamaluwa amalingalira njira yabwino kwambiri kubzala mbande. Koma njira iyi ndi yoyenera kokha kumadera ang'onoang'ono okulima.
Zambiri zapadziko lapansi zoyenera mbewu zikukulapopeza kugula mbande ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Tilembera magawo akulu a kukula kwa tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha mothandizidwa ndi mbewu:
- Choyamba ndi kukonzekera dothi. Tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dziko lapansi linali lopanda pake, panalibe miyala.
- Gawo lachiwiri ndi kukonzekera mbewu. Mbewu siingakhoze kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'nthaka, yoyenera kukonzedwa. Izi zimachitika motere: Mbeuzi zimagwedezeka mu kukula kwa maola khumi ndi awiri. Izi zimachitidwa kuti azimitse maselo okula mu mbewu.
- Ndipo sitepe yotsiriza ndiyo kubzala mbewu. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera mzere masentimita makumi anayi zakuya. Pambuyo pake, perekani mofanana mbewu.
M'pofunika kukhazikitsa madzi, omwe ali wophwanyidwa mwala kapena waukulu kukula opangidwa dongo. Aliyense amadziwa kuti tsabola imasowa dothi lachonde. Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani peat, dothi lakuda ndi mchenga, mu chiŵerengero cha chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Manyowa sali ofunikira kupanga, koma ukhoza kuthiririra nthaka ndi kukula kokondweretsa. Mlengalenga kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala kuyambira +10 mpaka +15 degrees.
Tsopano ganizirani zabwino zomwe zikuchitika pakukula mbewuyi mothandizidwa ndi mbande:
- Njira yoyamba ndi nthawi yochepa ya chikhalidwe. Tsabola amatha mwezi umodzi. Kuteteza nthawi kumapita patsogolo pa kumera kwa mbewu, komanso pamapeto pa mbeu. Kukula tsabola ndi mbande kumadera ozizira ndibwino kwambiri.
- Ndi njira iyi ya kulima idasowa kusamalira zomera. Kuthirira chikhalidwe kumaperekedwa m'masabata awiri oyambirira a kukula, ndipo tsabola imakula ngakhale pa chilala. Ngati ndi kotheka, kuthirira kumachitika musanafike maluwa, chifukwa chodzaza nyembazo. Komanso, mbande sizingatengeke ndi matenda, chifukwa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ndiyo masabata awiri oyambirira a mbeu kumera.
- Mukamabzala ndi mbande, mungasankhe chomera kwambiri. Pobzala mbewu, n'zosatheka kudziwa momwe tsabola lidzakula, koma mutabzala ndi mbande, pali mwayi waukulu wogula zinthu zakuthupi. Chinthu chachikulu pakusankha ndikumvetsera mtundu wa masamba (ayenera kukhala mdima wobiriwira) ndi kuchuluka kwake, komwe kumasonyeza kuti thupi limakhala ndi zakudya zabwino.
Njira yobzala chikhalidwe iyenera kuyamba mu March.
Ena amafunsa funso ili: chifukwa chiyani tsabola mu wowonjezera kutentha imayamba kutembenuka?
Vutoli likukhudzana ndi khalidwe la nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya zina, mapangidwe a zomera amavutitsidwa ndipo masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikasu.
Komanso, njirayi ingagwirizane ndi kuthirira bwino kapena kutentha kwa chipinda. Aliyense amakumbukira kuti tsabolayo ndi yosangalatsa ndipo ndi kofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse.
Ambiri amalimbikitsa kudyetsa mbande ndi feteleza zosiyanasiyana zovuta, chiwerengero chake chomwe chilibe malire. Panthawi ya kukula mbande kudyetsa tsabola kawiri.
Nthawi yoyamba patatha masiku khumi mutabwera. Pa mapangidwe a masamba ayenera kupanga feteleza ndi nayitrogeni, ndipo panthawi yopanga zipatso feteleza ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti chipatso choyamba chiyenera kudulidwa. Kuchita izi kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikule kwambiri ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe.
Monga mukudziwira, tsabola ndizofunika kwambiri mu kuthirira kwapamwamba. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa mosavuta, koma kwakukulu kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuthirira kuli kofunikira kumasula nthaka.
