Anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana nkhuku ayenera kukhala ofunitsitsa kuphunzira za zizindikiro za nkhuku zotere monga Maran, chifukwa poyerekeza ndi achibale awo ambiri, ali ndi ubwino wina, zomwe zimafotokozedwa m'mawonekedwe a dzira ndi nyama. Tiyeni timvetsetse zovuta zafotokozedwa ndikumvetsetsa zofunikira zomwe zili m'ndende, zomwe zidzathandiza kuti tizipindula kwambiri.
Kufotokozera ndi zochitika za mtunduwu
Nyama iliyonse ya mbalame ndi mbalame zili ndi zizindikiro zake zokha, kuti wobadwayo azitha kusankha yekha nyama yabwino. Nkhuku za Maran sizinali zosiyana pa nkhaniyi, chifukwa ndi chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo okongola ndi zokolola zabwino zomwe zidakhala zotchuka ndi alimi ambiri.
Chiyambi
Maranas anabadwira chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa azitsamba a ku France ogwira ntchito mu 1895 mumzinda wa Maran. Poganizira kuti dzikoli ndi loopsya kwambiri, mbalameyi yakhala ikulimbana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana kuchokera "kubadwa" komweku.
Matendawa analemekezedwa ndi mphoto ya golidi kuwonetsera mbalame mu 1914 (yomwe inachitikira mu mzinda wa La Rochelle), kenako idagulitsidwa ku Ulaya konse. Komabe, ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia palibe amene adadziwa za nkhuku zokongola izi kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale ndikuyenera kunena kuti posachedwapa akhala akupezeka m'mapiri akulima.
Mukudziwa? Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti nkhuku zoyambirira, zomwe kenako zinakhala nkhuku, zinakhala ku Ethiopia pafupifupi zaka 3,000 zapitazo.
Dongosolo lakunja
Pofotokoza mitundu ya nkhuku, choyamba, payenera kulipidwa pa maonekedwe ake ndi zokolola, chifukwa izi zimasewera mbali yaikulu pachisankho. 
Pankhani ya kufotokoza kwa Maran, zotsatirazi zikugwira ntchito kwa iwo. maonekedwe a maonekedwe:
- izi ndi zazikulu kapena zazikulu kuposa nkhuku zowonjezera, zomwe zimakhala ndi makilogalamu 4, ndipo kulemera kwa nkhuku kuli pafupi makilogalamu 3;
- onse oimira mtunduwu ali ndi maonekedwe okongola a lalanje, mchira waufupi (umapachikidwa pamtunda wa 45 °), ndi nthenga zowonongeka;
- mawonekedwe a thupi amawongolera, ndipo mutu ndi wawung'ono;
- Mazira amasiyanasiyana ndi nkhuku zawo ndi kuchulukana kwawo (makamaka, m'kati mwa khosi) ndi kukhalapo kwa ndolo zamtengo wapatali;
- Miyendo ya mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono, ndipo imakhala yosiyana bwino zala zooneka (mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi woyera mpaka mdima wakuda, malingana ndi mtundu wa nthenga);
- Mapewa a nkhuku ndi okwera komanso otalika, ndipo khosi lalitali likuphimbidwa ndi nthenga, zomwe, chifukwa cha kutalika kwake, amapanga "kolala" yokongola kwambiri;
- khala ndi chikasu chachikasu, chophimba pang'ono, chomwe chikuwoneka champhamvu kwambiri ndi champhamvu.
Werengani komanso za mbuye wa imvi, amrox, brahma, leggorn, Kuchinskaya jubilee, Poltava, Zagorskaya salimoni, redbro, rhode chilumba, Adler silver miyala.
Nkhono zochepa za mtundu uwu ndizosiyana, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana ndi mbalame zomwe zimangokhala kukula: Pachifukwa ichi, chiwerengero cha oimira sichiposa mulingo umodzi wokhala ndi mazira komanso 900 g nkhuku.
Ponena za makhalidwe ena, nthawi yomweyo ndimafuna kudziwa zofunikira za chikhalidwe cha Marani, chifukwa ali oyenerera komanso otetezeka oimira nkhuku, ngakhale kuti akhoza kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Kukonzekera
Mwinamwake, mtundu wotchulidwawo ukhoza kutchulidwa mwachangu ndi nyama ndi dzira, chifukwa iwo amawulandira kulandira onse awiri. Chingwe chimodzi chimatha kunyamula Mazira 150 pachaka, ndipo pafupifupi onsewa ali ndi chokoleti chokhala ndi chokoleti (ndi mtundu umene umachititsa kuti nkhukuzi zizitchedwa "mbalame yomwe imanyamula mazira wakuda"). Dzira limodzi limalemera moyenerera kuyambira 65 mpaka 75 g ndipo limakhala ndi kukoma kwakukulu.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mumakhulupirira obereketsa, mdima wa dzira, wakuda ndi wabwino.
Choonadi chimanenedwa, kugwiritsira ntchito nsomba zokha chifukwa cha nyama ndichabechabechabe, chifukwa mtengo wawo wonse ulibe mazira aakulu. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhuku zimayamba kubadwa ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, koma pa nthawiyi kukula kwake kwa mazira sikudutsa 55-60 g ndipo sikukhala ndi mtundu wake. Pambuyo pafupikitsa nthawi, chirichonse chimakhala chachibadwa. 
Zosankha zamitundu
Mbali za mtunduwo zimakulolani kumangoyamikira mbalameyi, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa thupi lokonzedwa bwino, oimira onse akhoza kudzitamandira ndi mtundu waukulu wa maula. Pakati pa maranov, anthu omwe ali ndi nthenga zakuda, zamkuwa, zasiliva ndi zoyera amasiyanitsa, ngakhale kuti ndiyo njira yoyamba yomwe imakondweretsa kwambiri. 
Nthenga za mtundu wofiira ndi wamkuwa (zimapezeka kawirikawiri) zimakhala zakuda kwambiri, zimakhala ndi "golidi wa golidi" pamtambo, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawanga a golide pamphuno ndi nthenga zofiira kumbuyo. 
Ena maranov anawayitana "golide cuckoos". Mtundu wawo amafanana ndi cuckoo, ndi nthenga zakuda zakuda ndi zagolide. Mtundu uwu wa mtundu siwowonjezeka ndipo umayamikiridwa makamaka ndi obereketsa. 
Komanso otchuka ndi otchedwa tirigu maran. Pankhaniyi, mipando Nthenga zabwino za golidi zimayima m'chifuwa ndi pamutu, ndipo nkhuku omwe amadziwika ndi soft yellow plumage, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina mtundu ukhoza kukhala wofiira wa golidi, nthawi zina ndi utoto wofiirira. 
Oyera oyera oimira mtunduwo sali wotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa palibe chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi pa nthenga zawo, ngakhale mutayang'ana, izi sizikusokoneza machitidwe.
Njira yosangalatsa kwambiri ndiyo "Mtundu wa Colombi": Kuwonjezera pa nthenga zoyera pa thupi, pali "wakuda" wakuda kuzungulira khosi.
Mukudziwa? Kupanga mazira m'thupi la nkhuku kumatengera pafupifupi tsiku, ndipo maonekedwe ake sakhala ndi tambala.
Osati kulakwitsa pamene mukugula
Mukagula nsomba, mungakhale otsimikiza kuti mukugula mbalame yomwe ikugwira bwino ntchito, yothandizidwa ndi maonekedwe okongola, koma chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha nkhuku zoyenera ndikupewa chinyengo.
Mwamwayi, alimi ambiri a nkhuku, mosadziwika kapena mwachindunji, amaperekedwa monga oimira mtundu wa nkhuku zomwe sizinali zawo, ndipo akakula sangakhale ndi zida zofunikira. Malamulo akuluakulu a kugula amatsatira izi: pitani mbalame okha kwa obereketsa ovomerezeka kapena minda komwe kukukhumudwitsani sikungakuyembekezerani. 
Kuonjezera apo, muyenera kuphunzira mosamala deta ya kunja ya maranov, chifukwa pali milandu ngakhale munthu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi mkuwa sikuti nthawi zonse amakhala woyimira mtundu, komabe zingakhale zotsatira zokhala ndi mtundu wina wosakanizidwa.
Ngati mumagula mazira okha kuti mutenge makina, musankhe zitsanzo za mtundu wofiirira wobiriwira, chifukwa kawirikawiri iwo amawoneka "owala" oimira mtunduwo.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za mitundu ya nkhuku: Minorca, Black Bearded, Sussex, Orpington, White White, Andalusian, Dominant, Kochinquin, Fireball, Viandot, Broken Brown.
Zomwe amangidwa
Ngakhale amwenye amasiyana kukhazikika khalidwe komanso kukhala mwamtendere kwa oimira ena a pakompyuta, iwo amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake sayenera kusungidwa mu khola lotsekedwa, komanso amapangidwira nthawi zonse kumalo odyetserako ziweto kapena kumalo ozungulira, koma ndi kukhalapo kwa udzu.
Njira yabwino yosunga nkhuku za mtundu umenewu idzakhala yaikulu komanso yopanda phindu. Pokhala motalika mu mpweya watsopano, zokolola zawo zimawonjezeka, ndipo zimayamba kuthamanga bwino kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Malo omwe amasankhidwa kuti asamangidwe asakhale yonyowa pokhala, monga nkhosa zamphongo zosagwirizana ndi matenda omwe amakhalapo nthawi zambiri "nkhuku" sizikulepheretsa kutentha kwambiri.
Ngati chipinda chili pamtunda ndipo dzuwa sichilowa mkati - samalani pasadakhale. njira yabwino yowala (mungagwiritse ntchito nyali zamtundu wodalirika), zomwe zimangowonjezera kukula kwa kukula kwa mbalame. 
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhuku ya nkhuku iyenera kuyatsa kwa maola 10-11, ndiye kuti mbalameyo idzachita bwino kwambiri. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi matabwa m'khola: padzakhala mavuto ambiri, koma mbalameyo idzakhala yabwino.
Pafupifupi, nkhuku za 4-5 ziyenera kugwa pa 1 mamita a nyumba.
Nkhuku zosazolowereka zimatha kukhazikika mumagulu anu: kumenyana kapena kukongoletsa.
Kudyetsa chakudya
Chakudya choyenera ndi mbali yofunikira ya chisamaliro, ndithudi, ngati mukufuna kuti mbalame yathanzi ikhale ndi ubwino wabwino wa kukula komanso mazira okwera kwambiri. Mu zakudya za oimira mtundu wa Maran ayenera kukhala tirigu (makamaka tirigu) ndi masamba odulidwa, ndi kuwonjezera mavitamini apadera.
Apo ayi, mtundu uwu siukufuna kwambiri chakudya ndi oimira ake akhoza kudyetsedwa ndi chakudya chomwecho monga mitundu ina. Ndikofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kusakaniza chakudya cha kagawo ndi chakudya cha calcium ndikudya, ndipo nthawi zina mumatha kusewera anyamata anu ndi nsomba yophika kapena nyama ndi fupa. 
Akatswiri m'minda yoweta mbalame akhala akuwerengera nthawi ya chakudya cha nkhuku tsiku lililonse. Choncho, tsiku lililonse nkhuku zimafunika kudya zakudya zimene zingawathandize kupeza mphamvu 300-320 kcalKomanso, mapuloteni osakwanira mu zakudya ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 g. Kwa nkhuku imodzi, nkhuku imodzi ikhoza kudya makilogalamu 40 a chakudya chokwanira komanso 15-20 makilogalamu, omwe ndi ofunikira kwambiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungakhalire odyetsa ndi omwa nkhuku.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndi nkhumba ziti zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa nkhuku. Monga tanena kale, nkhosa zamphongo zimakonda tirigu, ngakhale zimaperekedwa komanso chimanga, chomwe chimachokera ku chakudya, koma chimakhala ndi 6% mafuta (kuti phindu la kudya ndi bwino kulipera).
Pa nthawi yomweyi, tirigu amachititsa kuti mbalame zikhale ndi mavitamini E ndi B, ndipo ndi oats zimakhala ndi mitsempha yambiri, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa mvula. Ndibwino kuti ngati 1/3 ya njere idzalowetsedwe mu zakudya zowonjezereka.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhuku imodzi pa tsiku iyenera kukhala osachepera 250 ml ya madzi.
Ngati ndinu oyamba nkhuku, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuyenda masiku onse a zakudya zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti mukhoza kudyetsa maranov ndi chakudya chokonzekera, momwe mpata wokhala ndi nkhuku tsiku ndi tsiku umayendera bwino.
Choncho, muzowonjezera zonsezi muli 45% ya chimanga, 12% ya tirigu, 7% a balere ndi chakudya cha mpendadzuwa, komanso udzu, nsomba ndi nyama ndi fupa chakudya chamtundu wa 4-5%. Zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya ndi chipolopolo, miyala yamchere (pafupifupi 7%) komanso mchere (0,3%). 
Koma nkhumba ndi choko, mbalame yanu iyenera kukhala nayo nthawi zonse. Kupanda kutero, sikuyenera kuyembekezera kuti nkhuku zikhale zapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo maonekedwe a nkhuku angawonongeke: chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kashiamu m'thupi, nthenga zimayamba kugwa ndipo nthawi zambiri kuwala kumatha.
Popanda chakudya chokonzekera, ntchito yanu ndi yofunika kupanga zakudya kotero kuti magawo asanu ndi limodzi apanga tirigu, magawo atatu owiritsa zophika masamba, ndi mbali imodzi yowonjezera yomwe silage, mafuta a mpendadzuwa, mankhwala a mkaka (mu thovu lopaka), nettle, ndi zina zotero. Nkhumba ziyenera kufotokozedwa, ndipo zotsalazo zikhoza kusanganiza ndi madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Musapereke nkhuku zatsopano. Muzitsuka bwino ophika m'madzi ndikusakaniza ndi mbewu zomwe zinamera. Mofananamo, mukhoza kusakaniza mbatata yophika ndi fupa.
Chisamaliro ndi ukhondo
Kuwonjezera pa kudyetsa, mbalameyo iyenera kuperekedwa mosamala. Zimapereka kuyeretsa kwa nthawi yomwe imakhalapo, kusamalidwa kwa ziweto kuchokera ku mphutsi ndi utitiri, mpweya wokhazikika wa nkhuku nkhu ndi kulemekeza kuunika komweko: m'nyengo yozizira - maola awiri, komanso m'chilimwe - kanthawi pang'ono.
Konzani zinyama zanu "dziwe lafumbi" momwe angatsukitsire nthenga zawo. Kawirikawiri, kuyeretsa malita (okhala ndi anthu osapitirira 10 pa 5 mamita) ayenera kuchitika kamodzi pa masiku angapo, koma ndi nkhuku zambiri njirayi imachitika nthawi zambiri.
Onetsetsani kuti kutentha m'nyumbamo sikugwera m'munsimu +15 ºї.
Kukula kwa nkhuku kunyumba
Ndondomeko yoyambitsa mazira imayamba ndi kusankha mitundu yabwino kwambiri pa izi. Ndikofunika kuti onse akhale ofanana kukula ndi kukhala ndi misa osachepera 65 g. 
Pofuna kusunga makhalidwe omwe ali ndi cholowa, ndi bwino kupatsa mdima kwambiri, ndipo ndi bwino kupeza mtundu wa nkhuku zomwe amachokera: ngati kuli kotheka ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti makolo onse awiri ali ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe amatsatira miyambo yonse.
Pakubereka nkhuku za Maran, vuto lalikulu la makulitsidwe ndi chipolopolo chachikulu kwambiri ndi mazira obiriwira pa mazira, chifukwa chofooka nkhuku sizingathe kupirira nawo kuti atuluke.
Pochita mazira mazira, ovoscopy ndi sitepe yovomerezeka. Fufuzani chomwe chiri, chifukwa chiyani mukuchifuna icho ndi zipangizo zomwe mukusowa.
Ndizimene zimapangitsa nkhuku kufa, komanso kupeŵa zotsatira zolakwika mu gawo lachiwiri la makulitsidwe, mazira ayenera kupatsidwa mpweya wokwanira (zomwe zidzakuthandizani kupewa kutemera nkhuku chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya). Kuteteza mwana wosabadwayo kuchoka ku chipolopolo kumathandiza kuti mazirawo asinthe.
M'masiku otsiriza a nthawi ya makulitsidwe, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala mlengalenga. Mtengo umenewu uyenera kukhala pa mlingo wa 75%, chifukwa izi ndi zothandiza kupopera masitolo ndi botolo lopopera kamodzi pa tsiku. Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwa anapiye am'tsogolo, komanso panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti zisawonongeke ngati zolepheretsa zala, abambo odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutenthakuyambira tsiku lakhumi ndi sikisitini la makulitsidwe. Kutsika kumayenera kuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku pa 0.2 ° kotero kuti panthawi yomwe achinyamata akuwonekera, zikhale pamtunda wa 36.8-36.9 °.
Mazira a Maran, komanso mitundu yambiri yamitundu yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi zopanga zawo zazikulu, ayenera kuikidwa pambali pawo, motero amagona pansi.
Mwamsanga pamene temberero liwoneka, nkofunika kutsimikiza kuti m'malo muno palibe chinthu cholimba chomwe chimalepheretsa maonekedwe a nkhuku (dzira ikhoza kutemberera kapena kupuma motsutsana ndi mnzako). Mukhoza kuyesa kuthandiza ana mu ntchito yovutayi, kuphwanya chipolopolo mu bwalo. 
Ngati malamulo onse ogwiritsira ntchito makina akugwiritsidwa ntchito (ndi bwino ngati pulogalamu yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi), nkhuku za Maran zidzawona dziko lonse masiku 21 atatha mazira.
Ngati mukufuna kupeŵa mavuto omwe angawathandize kuthana ndi ndondomekoyi, mukhoza kudalira nkhuku yodalirika yomwe ingathe kusamalira mwanayo.
Kawirikawiri, kuswana maranov sikungatchedwe kuti ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri malamulo a chisamaliro chawo ndi chisamaliro samasiyana kwambiri ndi zofanana ndizo pamene akuswana mitundu ina. Choncho, ngati ndi kofunikira kuti nthawi zonse muzilandira mazira akuluakulu, komanso pamene mutuluka panja kukawona mbalame yokongola ndiye kuti mungasankhe.
