Fupa la Amputel ndi nsonga zake zazitali zomwe zidapachikidwa pamiphika atapachika zidakhala zotchuka kale kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinapindula mitima ya okonda maluwa onse omwe amayamikira zokometsera zake zokongoletsera komanso katundu wawo. Miphika yambiri yamaluwa ndi ampel zosiyanasiyana za chomerachi amatha kukongoletsa khonde, khonde, mpanda, veranda kapena khoma lalikulu la nyumba.
Kufotokozera
Fuchsia (Fuchsia) - Chomera chosatha cha banja Cyprus. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokongoletsera ndi maluwa osasangalatsa, maluwa obiriwirawo amakhala otukuka kwambiri pakati pa zomera zokongola.
Mukudziwa? About fuchsia wakhala akudziwika kwa zaka zoposa mazana atatu. Dzina limeneli linaperekedwa ndi Charles Plumier, katswiri wa sayansi wa ku France wa ku France, amene mu 1696 anaona zomera zosadziwika pafupi ndi likulu ladzidzidzi la Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo, ndipo anazitcha dzina lasayansi wa ku Germany ndi dokotala Leonart von Fuchs.Pali mitundu yambiri yowakanizidwa ya fuchsia: ndi zimayambira molunjika, ndi pyramidal, sprawling, kupachika, kukwera, ngati chitsamba kapena mtengo. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mapangidwe amakono ndi fuchsia ampelnaya ndi zoonda zoyera, kupanga korona ngati mawonekedwe. Kutalika kwa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wothira masamba ndi nsonga zabwino ndi pafupi masentimita asanu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe ndi yosiyana siyana: yoyera, yofiira, pinki, buluu, buluu, phokoso, wachikasu. Maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka chifukwa chowoneka kuchokera pansi pa msuzi wamtengo wapatali umene umachokera ku tubular corolla.M'dziko lamakono, fuchsia ankadziwika kuti ndikumanga nyumba komwe kumatuluka chaka chonse. Koma patapita nthaŵi, anayamba kuoneka nyengo yotentha pamsewu, kukongoletsa kunja kwa nyumba ndi mabedi a minda. Mitundu pafupifupi zikwi khumi za zomera izi zimadziwika padziko lapansi.
Ndibwino kusamala, imatha kuphuka kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi ya autumn, chimake cha pachimake chiri mu April ndi mwezi wa Oktoba. Chomeracho ndi chodzichepetsa kwambiri chomwe chimabweretsa chisangalalo kwa alimi amaluwa.
Nyumba ndi khonde lachilimwe zimatha kukongoletsa zomera zotere: scandus, philodendron, hoya, stephanotis, diploadiya, tunbergia, ivy ivyumba.
Zosiyanasiyana kuti zikule miphika
Fuchsia wochokera ku South America ndi New Zealand. Kuchokera kumeneko kunabweretsa mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Ampelnaya fuchsia yabweretsa posachedwapa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino, yosiyana-siyana ndi yosavuta, yomwe timayang'ana mwachidule.
- "Kukongola kwa Holly"- maluwa osiyanasiyana mumatope oyera ndi a pinki, okhala ndi mapepala a terry.
- "Kalonga Wamtendere"- chomera chomwe chimasungunula maluwa wamba ndi ma sepals oyera ndi msuzi wofiira.
- "Mngelo wa buluu"- chomera chosiyana, chotchuka chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa chilac ndi violet shades wa maluwa, opangidwa ndi oyera sepals.
- "Imperial korona"- chomera chokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amasonkhana m'magulu.
- "Bicentennial"- ampelous zosiyanasiyana ndi oblong, makamaka zazikulu zazikulu maluŵa mwa mawonekedwe a masamba ndi sepals mu mitundu yowala, yomwe potsiriza imakhala lalanje.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wakuti "fuchsia" umatchulidwa dzina loti chomera. Dzina lake ndi mtundu wa mankhwala ake aqueous, ofanana ndi mtundu wa fuchsia, wolandiridwa ndi fuchsin.
- "Marinka"- ampelous fuchsia, maluwa omwe ali wamba ndi osowa, koma ayang'anitsitsa chifukwa cha kuwala kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka.
- "Santa clara"- zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa akuluakulu awiri omwe ali ndi msuzi wa chitumbuwa ndi sepals woyera.
- "Niedersachsen"-kuwoneka kochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi maluwa akuluakulu awiri, momwe ma sepals ali ofiira ndi oyera edging. Dzina lotchuka la fuchsia ndi" ballerina ".
- "Peachy"- ampelous fuchsia ndi masamba akuluakulu oblong. Maluwa a chomerachi ndi a terry omwe ali ndi white sepals ndi wosongoka pinki edging.
Mitundu yotsatira ndi mitundu yambiri ya fuchsia ikhozanso kuikidwa m'miphika:
- "Annabel"- zosiyanasiyana zimakhala m'ma ampel mawonekedwe, koma zimatha kukula mchimake, ndipo zimakhala zazikulu, maluwa oyera pang'ono ndi pinki tinge.
- Tsamba la masamba atatu - Chitsamba mpaka 60 masentimita, kukula mozungulira. Mitundu imeneyi imakula bwino miphika. Amatulutsa masamba obiriwira pafupifupi 8 masentimita, ndi kutsogolo ndi tinge wofiira, pansi ndi bulauni. Pa masamba pali ntchentche pang'ono. Maluwa a fupa la masamba atatu omwe amaoneka ngati belu wofiira ndi mthunzi wa lalanje amasonkhanitsidwa pamaluwa angapo mu inflorescence. Ndibwino kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera ndikukonzekera maluwa onse.
- Fuchsia kunama - Mbalame zokwawa zokhala ndi maluwa okwera mmwamba m'matani a pinki kapena a lalanje. Zokonzera maluwa ndi kukonzekera maluwa. Amamasula nthawi yotentha ya maluwa osakwatira.
- Fuchsia wofiira kwambiri - chomera chokongola ndi maluwa ofiira pa zoonda zoyera. Masambawa amawoneka ngati mapepala ang'onoang'ono.
- "Archie owen"- semi-fluffy zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa okongola a pinki.
- "Bella rosella"- imodzi mwa fuchsias yochepa ndi yaikulu kwambiri maluwa awiri mu lilac ndi pinki mitundu.
- "Buluu la buluu"- Chomera chomwe chingakhale mu mawonekedwe a ampel, kapena ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
- "Chophimba cha buluu"- chomera chokhala ndi masamba okongola mu mtundu wa lilac, chokwera ndi zofiira zoyera ndi nsonga zowonongeka. Zingakulire mumdima ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
- "Cecile"- chomera chokongola kwambiri cha ampelous-chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa a lavender a maluwa wandiweyani ndi osindikiza pinki.
Monga chomera champhongo, ampelous petunia, calibrahoa, surfinia, bacopa, begonia, verbena, dichondra, campanula, lobelia adzawoneka bwino.
Fuchsia mikhalidwe
Ngati ampelous fuchsia kupanga zinthu zabwino kuti zikule komanso kuti zisamalire bwino panyumba, zikhoza kusangalatsa ena kwa chaka chimodzi.
Kuunikira ndi kutentha
Mitundu ya fuchsia yamtunduwu imamva bwino mumthunzi kapena ikawala ndi kuwala kosavuta, sichivomereza kuwala kwa dzuwa, osalola kulemba ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudza iwo kukhumudwitsa: chomeracho sichidzafa, koma maluwawo adzakhala ochepa kwambiri, masambawo adzachepa kwambiri, ndipo sikungatheke kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe awo akale. Zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa poziyika.
Fuchsia amamva bwino kwambiri pamalo omwe amalandira sunbathing m'mawa, ndipo kuyambira madzulo mpaka madzulo ndibwino kuti akhale mthunzi wache. Ndibwino kwambiri kumbali ya kummawa, komanso kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Koma tisaiwale kuti pokhala kutalika kwa maluwa awa pamalo othunzi, maluwa amatha kuchepa.
Ngati alibe kuwala kokwanira, ndiye kuti mbewuyo siidzaphuka kapena kufa. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kukonzedweratu ku malo owala, ngati palibe zotheka, ndiye kuti kuyatsa magetsi kungathandize.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa fuchsia kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi +22 ° С masana ndi osachepera kuposa 15 usiku. Kutsika kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwakukulu kumakhudza kwambiri maluwa. Chomeracho chimasinthasintha kuti chizizira: pamene pali kuwala kochepa komanso kutentha, maluwawo sasiya (kutentha, chilimwe, autumn), ngati kutentha, masamba sichikuwonekera, kukula kwa maluwa kumachepetsanso (kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, m'nyengo yozizira).
Ndikofunikira! Fuchsia sakonda kusokonezedwa kachiwiri, kusunthira izo kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa - iye amangochotsa maluwa basi.
Kukula kwa mphamvu ndi gawo lapansi
Ziwalo zonse za fuchsia sizikonda kutentha, kuphatikizapo mizu yachisomo. 
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwambiri kwa mizu, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizikula muzitsulo za ceramic muzithunzi zowala kwambiri, ndipo dothi losanjikiza likhoza kufotokozedwa, makamaka mthunzi wowala.Mu mphika wokhazikika mizu imatha kutenthedwa mosavuta. Ngati chomeracho chidzawongolera pawindo pa chipinda, ndiye pansi pa chidebecho mumayenera kupanga kutsekemera kwa matenthedwe.
Fuchsia siilimbikitsa kwambiri nthaka yolima, koma imakhala yabwino kwambiri mu nthaka, yopanda ndale ndi nthaka yosavuta yomwe ingakhale yophweka kwa mpweya, ndipo chifukwa chake dzikoli liyenera kukhala lopanda phokoso. Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo zigawo za dziko lapansi zosakaniza, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima duwa, komanso zimaloledwa kugwiritsira ntchito kusakaniza kwa mbeu iliyonse. Mbendera ya fuchsia ikhoza kukhala ndi peat, humus, sod ndi tsamba lapansi, mchenga, ndi dothi lowonjezera lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ngalande. Komanso, dziko lapansi limasakanizidwa ndi peat, mchenga, perlite ndi dongo.
Kubzala ndi kuswana
Njira yobzala zozizwitsa, kubereka ndi kuyisamalira zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Kubzala kwa mbewuyi kumapangidwa bwino kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pogwiritsa ntchito cuttings kapena kubzala mbewu. Njira yoyamba ndi yosavuta.
Ndikofunikira! Fuchsia mulimonsemo sangakhoze kubzalidwa mu chidebe, kukula kwakukulu kuposa momwe kulili kofunikira pa mizu yake. Kuyambira kwa mphika kumawonjezeka mu magawo. Pa nthawi yoyamba ya kukula, kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 9 cm.Koma mizu ikakula padziko lonse lapansi, chomeracho chikhoza kuikidwa mu mphika waukulu.
Njira ya Mbewu
Kunyumba, fuchsia imakula mu njira ya mbewu ndizosowa kwambiri, kupatula kuyesera. Izi ndizovuta komanso zimakhala zovuta zambiri, koma sitinganene kuti ndizovuta.
Mbewu ingagulidwe pa sitolo yapadera. Zikhozanso kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku chomera, zomwe ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri. Choyamba, kudzipiritsa nokha kumayenera kupewa; chifukwa chaichi, nkofunika kuthyola anthers pa duwa ndikuyika mungu womwe uli wofunika.
Pambuyo pake, pezani mphukira mu nsalu ya gauze ndikukonzekera ulusi, mu dziko lino idzakhala pansi pa mwezi, mpaka chipatso chikuwonekera. Nthawi yonseyi, kusuntha kulikonse kwa duwa kumatsutsana. Zipatso zotsirizidwa zimachotsedwa, mosamala kudula ndikuchotsa mbewu zomwe ziyenera kuuma. 
Mukudziwa? Mbali zonse zomwe fuchsia chimapangidwanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Kuyambira zipatso zake kuphika zokoma jams.Pambuyo pazimenezo mbewuzo ndi zokonzeka kufesa, zomwe ziri bwino kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nkhumba za Fuchsia zimayikidwa pamabokosi a matabwa omwe amasakaniza ndi peat ndi mchenga wonyezimira pamwamba ndi mopepuka ndi zala. Kufesa mbewu mkati mwa nthaka sikovomerezeka: iwo sangakwere.
Mabokosiwa amawonekera ngati mawonekedwe a wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha omwe ali ndi kuwala kokwanira popanda kumenyana ndi dzuwa, ndikupanga chinyezi ndi kutentha mkati mwa 18-22 ° C. Kawirikawiri kamodzi pa tsiku, wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kutsegulidwa kwa mphindi zochepa kuti azimitse ventilate, ndipo condensate ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuthiriridwa ndi madzi okhazikika kutentha kwapiritsi ndi sprayer. Ngati njira yodalirika yothandizira izi, ndiye kuti masabata awiri adzakula.
Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mbande, wowonjezera kutentha amatha kutseguka nthawi zonse nthawi yaitali, kotero kuti ziphuphuzo zizoloŵezi kumadzi ozizira ndi kutentha kwa msanga mwamsanga. Pambuyo pa zomera zachinyamata zikukula ndikudziwika ndi chilengedwe, zimayikidwa limodzi m'miphika yotsuka, yomwe zomera ndi feteleza zimamera bwino. Mitengo ya potted ndi achinyamata maluwa nthawi yoyamba iikidwa pamalo othunzi. 
Kusamaliranso kwa zomera zotero kumadya pakatha masabata awiri mutabzala, nthawi zonse feteleza, ndikuika maluwa pamwamba kwambiri, kusakaniza mwamphamvu, kudula mu nthawi ya kukula, kugwira ntchito pachaka.
Kubzala masamba
Njira yabwino yopangira fuchsia ndi kupyolera m'magazi omwe ndi osavuta kupeŵa mavuto: mphukira imakhala mizu mwangwiro. Njira imeneyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri komanso yosavuta kuposa mbewu. Kupindula kwakukulu ndikutaya nthawi pang'ono ndi zotsatira zabwino. Nthawi yabwino yobereketsa izi imakhalanso masika. Mphukira yazing'ono ndi yabwino kwa cuttings, chifukwa okalambawo amatha kutenga nthawi yaitali ndikukula pang'onopang'ono.
Kutalika kwa kudula kulikonse ndikumadalira kwambiri mtundu wa fuchsia, kumatha kusiyana ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Musanayambe mphukira m'madzi olekanitsidwa kapena ophwanyika, m'pofunika kuchotsa masamba kuti munthu asayanjane ndi madzi, mwinamwake iwo ayamba kuvunda ndi nkhungu , ndipo izi zidzakhudza mkhalidwe wa kudula.
Masamba akulu pa mphukira safunikanso: amatenga madzi ambiri, omwe ndi ofunika kuti apange mizu. Galasi ndi mphukira ziyenera kuikidwa ndi polyethylene kuti zikhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Ngati atachita bwino, mizu pa mphukira idzaonekera patatha masiku angapo, koma masabata angapo ndi ofunika kuti mizu ikhale yodzaza.
N'zotheka kuika mbewu yaying'ono mu nthaka pamene mizu yoyamba ikuwonekera, sikoyenera kuyembekezera mapangidwe a mizu yonse, komabe ndibwino kuyembekezera masabata angapo awa.
Kusamaliranso kwa maluwa aang'ono kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo omwewo omwe amapezeka ndi chithandizo cha mbewu. Pali njira ina yofalitsira pogwiritsira ntchito cuttings - ikabzalidwa mwachindunji mu gawo lapansi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo muyenera kupanga mtundu wowonjezera wowonjezera wowonjezera pamwamba pa iwo, njira yomwe imakhala yovuta kwa wamaluwa komanso yoopsa kwa chomera: zimatha kufa ngati mutachita chinachake cholakwika kapena mwamsanga.
Momwe mungayambitsire chithunzithunzi - ziri kwa aliyense payekha, chinthu chofunikira ndicho kuphunzira malamulo osavuta, ndipo ndithudi idzazuka ndi kuphuka.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Fupa la Amputel liyenera kukondwera ndi chikondi cha alimi olima maluwa osati kokha maonekedwe ake okongola, komanso chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake m'munda, maluwa, maluwa kapena mphika pawindo. Ndipotu kukula kwa amfelia fuchsia kumachitika mumthunzi m'munda ndi malo osatsekemera, osatetezedwa ku dzuwa, sichikupangitsani zofuna zapadera za nthaka ndi kuthirira madzi, ndipo mungathe kupeza chisangalalo chochuluka kuchokera ku kukongola kwake monga palibe chomera.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
Kusungunulira mwachidziwikire n'kofunika kwambiri pakukula fuchsia. Nthawi zambiri zomera zimasowa kuthirira madzi, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira, zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: nyengo, maluwa, malo, chitukuko komanso kukula kwa mphika ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa.
Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito kupatulidwa kapena kusungunula madzi. Ndikofunika kuthirira duwa mmalo mwake. Pakati pa chitukuko chogwira ntchito, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. M'chaka cha ampelous fuchsia sichidzateteza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa okongola madzi ozizira.
Mafuta otsalira atatha kuthirira, ndi bwino kukhetsa. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa autumn ndikwanira kuthirira madzi osaposa kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Pakufika chisanu, zomera sizingathe kuthiridwa kapena sizichitika kawirikawiri.
Kudulira
Fuchsia kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa. Zimathandizira kubwezeretsanso kwa mbeu ndi kupanga korona, zimayambitsa ndondomeko yothetsera zimayambira. Kudulira kumachitika pachaka pachaka. Kuwombera kumadulidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake kuzungulira mzere wonse wa duwa kuti apange cholinganiza cha mbewu.
Feteleza
Manyowa a Fuchsia ndi ofunikira kuti ukhale wabwino. Chomera chokomereredwa chikuwonekeratu kutali: chimamasula mopanda malire ndikukula. Mitengo iyi imayamba kumangika maluwa mwamsanga pamene maluwa oyambirira akuwoneka, ndikupitiriza kuchita izi pamene ikuphulika ndi kukula. Zovala zapamwamba zimapangidwa pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata ndi feteleza zamadzimadzi zofunikira kwa zomera zomwe zimayenera kulamulira mlingo wa nayitrogeni. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa silikusowa feteleza. 
Kuwaza
Ndondomeko ya kuzizira imakhalanso yofunika kwambiri kuti ipangidwe, chifukwa ndi nthaka yatsopano imalandira zinthu zonse zofunika ndi zakudya. Mitengo yaing'ono imaikidwa kamodzi pa chaka, ambiri achikulire ndi okwanira kusinthasintha zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Njira yosamalirako ndiyo yabwino kwambiri pakupaka mpweya: imayendetsa bwino, kusungira umphumphu wa dziko lapansi lakale ndi mizu, ndipo zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwira ku danga laulere la mphika, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga pakati pa mizu ya maluwa ndi makoma a mphika. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kusinthana. Mulimonsemo simungakhoze kuiwala za mpweya wosanjikiza.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Wathanzi ndi wokonzeka bwino ampelous fuchsia amasangalatsa eni ake ndi wobiriwira masamba obiriwira ndi maluwa okongola.Mwamsanga pamene chinthu choyendayenda chikuyenda bwino, chimangowonetsedwa pamtunda wa mbeu: ikhoza kudwala kapena kukodwa ndi tizirombo. 
- Mawanga pa masamba akhoza kulankhula za kutentha kwamtundu. Ngati masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma, ndiye kuti izi zikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha kuthirira pamwambapa. Kuthikira fuchsias kuyenera kukhala koyenera, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira.
- Mawanga omwe ali m'munsi mwa timapepala timeneli ndi chizindikiro cha matenda opatsirana. Masamba okhala ndi mawangawa ayenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo chomeracho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi.
- Maonekedwe osasamala komanso osasangalatsa a masamba amasonyeza kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi. Ndikofunika kuti musamuke ndi kudyetsa chomeracho.
- Whitefly ingasangalale ndi fuchsia - kamtunda kakang'ono ka mtundu woyera, kamene kamakula mofulumira, amaika mazira pamunsi mwa tsamba, ndipo kuchotsa icho kumakhala vuto. Ngati sakudziwidwa pachiyambi cha maonekedwe ndipo sayamba mankhwala ndi tizilombo, ndiye kuti adzaphimba maluwa onsewo. Ndipo madzi amadzimadzi omwe amamangidwa nawo amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a fungal. Kuwunika ndi kuthirira maluwa, malinga ndi malamulo, kudzathandiza kupeŵa kuukira kwa whitefly pa chomera.
- Ngati bukhu la kangaude likuwonekera pamunsi mwa timapepala timene timayambira, chomeracho chimagwidwa ndi kangaude. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, koma ngati sakuyesera, funsani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zomera zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse, ziziyang'aniridwa, zigwirizane ndi malamulo a chisamaliro ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi zithetsani kuthetsa mavuto.
Amppelnaya fuchsia ndi chomera chomwe sichitha kukondana, chifukwa sichisamala zambiri, koma chifukwa cha zokongola zomwe sizikuoneka bwino kwa chaka chonse.
