Anyezi ndi imodzi mwa masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, omwe alibe zovuta kulingalira zakudya zamitundu imodzi.
Ndipotu, pokhala ndi fungo lamtengo wapatali komanso fungo labwino, limakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri pamene zimatentha.
Komabe, kuphika si njira yokhayo yodziwiritsira ntchito masambawa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala, monga mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Choncho, n'zotheka kulingalira munda wa munthu wamba wopanda anyezi, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sakudziwa pang'ono za zomwe zimabereka ndi kubzala. Tidzadzaza nkhaniyi pansipa kuti tipeze zidziwitso izi.
Kodi sevok ndi chiyani chodzala? Timayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a wamaluwa
Sevok - izi ndizopangidwe mbande za anyezi zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu. Amabzalidwa kasupe kokha, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri amapanga anyezi abwino kwambiri.
Njirayi ndi yofala kwambiri m'mayiko onse a CIS ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsamba zowongoka kwambiri za masambawa, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti mbande zawo zasungidwa motalika kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, njira yokhala anyezi yokhala ndi sev ndiyo yokhayo yomwe ingakhalepo pamaso mwa dothi lamchenga (ndizosatheka kukula anyezi kuchokera ku mbewu pa iwo).
Mothandizidwa ndi sevka, n'zotheka kupeza zokolola zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimameretsedwa bwino ndi kudyetsa dothi zimatha kufika pa kilogalamu makumi asanu ndi limodzi (10 kg).
Pakati pa zoyenera Sevka ambiri ndi mbande 100%, ngakhale nyengo yoipa. Komanso, mbeuyi ikuphuka nthawi yayitali: nyengo yakukula ya babu imatha kumapeto kwa masiku 80 mpaka 90 mutakula.
Kawirikawiri, anyezi oterewa safuna ngakhale kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza, chifukwa ali ndi zakudya zambiri ndi chinyezi mu babu yake, ndipo zosowa zimatha kupezeka kunthaka chifukwa cha mizu yabwino. Palinso kusasitsa bwino kwa mamba wandiweyani a anyezi otere komanso kusungika kwa nthawi yaitali m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zimayenera kubzala ndi kukulitsa zowonjezera
Monga zomera zonse, anyezi amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo, masambawa amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo pang'ono, masamba ake adzakhala ofooka komanso osakanikirana, ndipo chifukwa chake zokolola zidzakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Choncho, bedi la anyezi liyenera kukhala lotseguka, siliyenera kubzalidwa ndi zomera zazitali, zomera zotere siziyenera kukula kuchokera kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa bedi.
Kukhala mukukonzekera mabedi kuyenera kuganiziridwa ndi zomwe zomera zinakulirapo kale. Makamaka, anyezi sangathe kukhala wamkulu pa bedi limodzi kwa zaka ziwiri mzere; silingabzalidwe pambuyo pa adyo.
Nkhaka ndi kaloti zoipa zowonongeka kwa anyezi. Chowonadi n'chakuti iwo akutsitsa nthaka ndipo sipadzakhalanso zakudya zowonjezera, komanso, m'nthaka pangakhale bowa kapena tizirombo zomwe zingakhudze mababu. Choncho, chomerachi chimabzalidwa pambuyo posiyana ndi sideratov, tomato, kabichi ndi mitundu yonse ya masamba, komanso mbatata.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti anyezi amakula kwambiri pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi feteleza zosiyanasiyana, makamaka mbeu, zomwe zimabzalidwa.
Chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimaonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa anyezi ndi mtundu wa nthaka ndi msinkhu wake wobereka. Chomerachi ndi choyenera kwa dothi lowala, monga loam.
Ngati dothi silili lokwanira, izi zingathe kukonzedwa, koma ndikofunika kuti likhale losavuta kuti mizu ikhale yovuta komanso mosavuta kudutsa chinyezi. Chomaliza ndi chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri cha kukula kwa anyezi, koma kuwonjezereka kwake kungawonongeke.
Pachifukwa ichi, m'pofunika kuganizira mlingo wa madzi pansi, omwe mvula imatha kupitirira pamwamba pa nthaka pamwamba (pakadali pano, kubzala sizingatheke).
Chenjezo liyenera kulipidwa pa mlingo wa acidity wa nthaka yomwe iwe uti udzabzala sevok. Ngati msinkhu uwu ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, chomeracho sichidzayamwa bwino zakudya, ndipo ndizo, zidzakula bwino.
Komanso, mu dothi, anyezi a powdery powdery mildew, omwe mu sayansi amatchulidwa kuti pereosporosis, makamaka nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa. Pofuna kupewa izi, dothi losavomerezeka limalimbikitsidwa kuti likhale laimu, ndipo likhoza kuchitidwa kugwa.
Kodi ndi chofunika kudziwa chiyani pokonzekera malo oti mubzala 7?
Kukonzekera kwa malo kuti adye anyezi - ndi kukumba ndi kudyetsa. Komanso, choyamba chimachitika m'dzinja, pamene dothi likutembenuzidwa kutalika kwa utaliwo, kenaka, mobwerezabwereza, zidzakhala zosavuta komanso mofulumira.
Kutulutsa nthaka, mofulumira ndi bwino anyezi amakula. Inde, chifukwa chotsekula, nthaka imadzaza ndi oxygen yochulukirapo ndipo imachulukitsa nthawi zambiri kuti imatha kudutsa chinyezi.
Komanso, kuti muyambe kugwiritsira ntchito agrofoni, ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kunthaka. Mukhoza kuchidyetsa kale m'dzinja, ndikukumba. Ndi zabwino kwambiri kubweretsa zamoyo, zomwe zimayimidwa ndi manyowa kapena peat manyowa.
Pakati pa nyengo, kubereka kwa nthaka kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha feteleza mchere. Komabe, kuzipanga panthawi imodzimodzi ndi zochuluka sizothandiza, chifukwa sizimayankha bwino mautawo. Ndi bwino kugawikana mu magawo anayi, yoyamba yomwe ikufunika pokonzekera nthaka, ndi zina zitatu pa nyengo yokula.
Malangizo omwe anakumana ndi munda:
- Kudyetsa dothi lodzala anyezi ndi bwino kusagwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano. Pambuyo pake, izi zingayambitse matenda a mbeu, ndipo zimatulutsa nthiti zambiri m'munda.
- N'zosatheka kuwonjezera zinthu zakutchire ndi laimu kumtunda panthawi imodzimodzi, chifukwa amatha kuchita zinthu zomwe sizili bwino kuti nthaka isamere, kuchepetsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka.
Chinthu chinanso chovuta kwambiri ndi chakuti manyowa atsopano amachititsa kuti kukula kwa mbali yomwe ili pamwambapa ikhale, yomwe ndi masamba ake, omwe amawonongeka kwambiri ndi babu.
Kodi ndimakonzekera bwanji mababu a mbewu chifukwa chodzala nthawi yamasika?
Nthawi zambiri timagula sitima pamsika kapena sitolo, chifukwa chakuti tikudzikulitsa tokha kuchokera ku mbewu koma m'malo movuta komanso mophweka. Koma, atagula, iye sanapite nthawi yomweyo.
Poyamba ayenera kuuma bwino, kutulutsa mababu mu malo oundana kwambiri (koma osati pa mabatire osati kumene mpweya ukuwotchedwa ndi heaters).
Nyumba sevka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa kusungidwa kutentha kwa 18ºС, iyeneranso kuyanika ndi kuyaka pa kutentha kwakukulu. Makamaka, poyamba zimasungidwa masiku 15-20 m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha pafupifupi 20 ºС. Pakatha nthawiyi, mababu ayenera kuikidwa m'chipindacho ndi kutentha kwa 30 mpaka 40 ºС, koma siziyenera kukhala maola oposa 10 kuti awasunge.
Chifukwa cha njira zoterezi, mphamvu zonse za kukula kwa mbeu zimayambira nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu yake ikhale yovuta mutabzala. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kuteteza anyezi a tsamba la anyezi. Koma, pambali ina, pali ngozi yowonjezera chodzala chomwecho, kotero samverani njira yowuma ndikuwotentha.
Kuyankha kwabwino kwambiri ku kukula kwa mbeu yosakaniza anyezi ndi chithandizo cha kukula kokhala ndi mizu. Makamaka mababuwo amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira zowonjezera komanso zodziwika bwino - "Humisol", "Growth-1" kapena "Zircon".
Mankhwala oterewa angathe kuthandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera feteleza yamchere - potaziyamu mchere, nayitrogeni ndi superphosphates. Gwirani mababu mu njira iyi kwa maola asanu.
Potsiriza kukwaniritsa kukonzekera kwa kubzala kubzala, akulimbikitsidwa kuti asatetezedwe. Izi zimachitidwa mwa kuchepetsa mababu kapena pofooka njira yamkuwa ya sulfate, yomwe supuni 1 ya feteleza iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 10 malita a madzi, kapena kupasuka potaziyamu permanganate.
Malangizo a wolima munda: ngati mulibe nthawi yokwanira yokwanira kutentha, musachite mantha nthawi isanakwane. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa musanadzalemo, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda mpaka 45-50 ° C. Ayenera kutsanulira anyezi ndi kuchoka kwa mphindi 10, kenako atseke madzi otentha, m'malo mwake mudzaze ndi madzi ozizira.
Makhalidwe a masiku odzala sevka: Ndi nyengo yanji yomwe ndiyenera kumvetsera?
Zimakhala zovuta kutchula nthawi yeniyeni yobzala sevka. Ndipotu, zoona zake n'zakuti pochita zimenezi mofulumira komanso pobzala mababu mu nthaka yozizira, tidzakwaniritsa kukula kokha kwa uta, osati yekha.
Choncho, mizu idzayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngakhale masambawo atakula kukula kwake ndikusiya kukula, babu sichidzatha kugwira.
Koma kumapeto kwa kubzala bwino sikungapambane, chifukwa nthaka idzakhala youma nthawi imeneyo, ndipo mkatikati mwazomera mbewuyo silingakhale ndi nyengo yokwanira yoti izisala ndi kukwaniritsa nyengo yokula.
Kutentha ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumapwando kungabzalidwe kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zachiwiri za April, kapena lachitatu. Ndi kasupe wozizira kwambiri, muyenera kuyembekezera nthawi imene dothi likuwombera mozama pang'ono.
Ngati kutentha kwa dothi kuli pansi pa 12ºС, ndiye kuti musaganize za kubzala anyezi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kumvetsera nyengo ndikuyang'ana nthawi zonse nyengo osati kunja, komanso ndondomeko yake.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga anyezi ndi Sevka: Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji munda wanu?
Musanayambe kubzala bwino anyezi, muyenera kuyesa dothi la bedi ndi kulitenga kudutsa mzere, ndipo mababuwo adzabzalidwa. Choncho, zidzatheka kuti mwamsanga muwoneretu momwe angakhalire angapo.
Komabe, pofuna kubzala sevok molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera, nkofunika kuyisankhira, kusankha mu njira imodzi yayikulu mababu, ndipo m'chigawo chachiwirichi. Timaganiza kuti nonse mwadzidzidzi mumaganiza kuti ndi mababu akuluakulu n'zotheka kupeza zokolola zazikulu, choncho mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala waukulu.
Motero, mababu omwe ali ndi mamita osachepera 1 cm, amafalikira pamtunda wa masentimita 4-5. Powonjezerapo kutalika kwa mamitala asanu otsatirawa, mtunda wa pakati pa mababu uyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 1-3 masentimita. Koma musaiwale za mtunda wa pakati pa mizere: ndibwino kwambiri kuti akhale masentimita 20. Dera limeneli lidzathandiza kwambiri kukonza ndi kusamalira anyezi, komanso kulola kubzala katsabola.
Ndondomeko yobzala imeneyi sizingalole kuti mababu akhale ndi zakudya zokwanira komanso osasokonezana, komanso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino munda wanu. Komanso, zomera zidzakhala bwino mpweya wokwanira, sipadzakhala matenda aakulu.
Pofuna kubzala mozemba kwambiri pakati pa nthaka, pamtunda wina ndi mzake, mababuwo amangokhala m'nthaka. Mwachibadwa, malo awo ayenera kukhala pansi.
Musamawaike m'manda, chifukwa izi zidzakhudza njira yozomera. Kupititsa patsogolo mbande, pamwamba pa nthaka mutabzala mungathe kuphimba ndi mulch. Masamba adzayamba kudutsa mu sabata, ndipo mu sabata lina zidzatheka kuchotsa mulch.
Kodi mungamvetse bwanji ngati uta umene ungachotsedwe kale?
Zosonyeza kuti anyezi atha kale kukula ndi awa:
- Masamba a masamba obiriwira salinso opangidwa, ndi omwe pang'onopang'ono akuwuma.
- Komanso, kupatula chikasu ndi kuyanika, masamba anyezi amagwa, sag.
- Kusintha kwa maonekedwe a onion khosi, komwe kumakhala kochepetsetsa kwambiri mpaka pang'onopang'ono.
- Bili lokha limapeza mtundu wokongola, womwe umakhala wosiyana siyana.
Komanso chidwi chowerenga za kubzala anyezi
Malamulo a chisamaliro cha anyezi: Kodi mungatani kuti muwonjezere zokolola za mbeu ndikuziteteza ku tizirombo?
Anyezi monga chinyezi ndi madzi ayenera kukhala ochuluka, koma musaiwale kuganizira nyengo. Makamaka, theka loyambirira la nyengo yokula likuchitika 2 pa sabata.
Mu July, kuthirira kungathe kuchitidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa chinyezi chimatha kuvulaza babu. Koma kale pofika nthawi yokolola, ndiko kuti, masabata 2-3 izi zisanachitike, kutsirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa palimodzi.
Mchere wamchere - kuonjezera zokolola za minda anyezi
Kudyetsa anyezi koyamba kungatheke patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira. Zakudya izi zikuchitika osati kale kwambiri kuposa masabata atatu.
Manyowa amchere angathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito youma komanso kamodzi pa nyengo.
Kuwetsa mabedi ndi anyezi - kodi mukuyenera kusunga nthaka pansi pa nthunzi yakuda?
Yankho la funso lofunsidwa ndilo inde. Wweramitsani amafunikira kusamalira namsongole nthawi zonse. Ndipotu, pokhala ndi nthiti zambiri pa kama, chinyezi chikuwonjezeka m'nthaka, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a anyezi.
Komanso, pamene "amakhala" pabedi limodzi ndi namsongole, khosi la babu limakhala lolimba kwambiri komanso lamadzi wambiri. Pankhani iyi, zidzakhala zovuta kuziwumitsa, sizidzatha kuziika kwa nthawi yaitali.
Timakhuta nthaka ndi mpweya ndikuthandizira kukula kwa mizu ya anyezi potsegula
Ngakhale asanakhale mphukira yoyamba ya anyezi, nthaka imayenera kumasulidwa.
Apo ayi, izo zingapangitse kutsetsereka kwakukulu, komwe zomerazo zidzakhala zovuta kupyola.
Kutsegula kumachitika nthawi yonse ya anyezi kukula, ndipo pofika mababu a sing'anga kukula, amafunika kufosera nthaka pang'ono.
Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mwamsanga ndipo posachedwa zipse.
Kupewa matenda a anyezi: bwanji ndi nthawi yanji?
Kawirikawiri anyezi amakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal, omwe amadziwika kuti tizilombo timeneti ndi ntchentche ya fungal. Pofuna kupewa kuthana ndi zizindikiro za matenda oterewa, ndi bwino kuchita chithandizo chamankhwala.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito:
- Supuni 1 ya vitriol ya buluu.
- Supuni 1 ya sopo wamadzi.
- 10 malita a madzi.
Zosakaniza zonsezi zimasakanizidwa ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezerayo akhoza kupopera masamba a anyezi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuganizira kuti kukonza koteroku kumachitika pokhapokha pamene kutalika kwa masamba kufika pamasentimita 12.
Komanso, nthaka nthawi zambiri imadzaza ndi phulusa. Mankhwalawa amachitika pakapita masiku 20.
