Kulima mbatata ndi njira yodziwika bwino m'munda wamakono. Mphoto yaikulu ya ntchito yosavuta imeneyi ndi chokoma, yowutsa mudyo, mbatata yayikulu, yomwe imakondwera ndi mbale. Si chinsinsi kwa wina aliyense kuti m'deralo masamba awa, atatchuka kwambiri ndi chakudya, amakhala pafupi ndi mkate. Koma, mukuona, sikuli kosavuta kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata. Ndikofunikira kusankha zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizodzichepetsa, sichiwopa zoopsa za matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zidzasangalatsa kwambiri pa zida zowonongeka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata Sante - yangwiro ikugwirizana ndi malongosoledwe onsewa.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Sante ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezera ndi yodalirika ya sing'anga-mbatata oyambirira, yomwe imadziwika ndi zosavuta agrotechnical kulima miyezo. Chikhalidwe ndi woimira bwino kwambiri kampani ya Dutch "Agrico". Pokhapokha ngati mukukonzekera ndi kusamalira, zikhalidwe ndi ndondomeko zonse zinasankhidwa, chikhalidwe chidzakuthokozani chifukwa cha zipatso zake zabwino ndi zokoma za mbatata.
Zina mwa ubwino waukulu wa kufotokoza za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata "Sante" ndi yowoneka bwino ndi tchire. Mapesi a chikhalidwe amadzazidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amasiyana ndi maluwa oyera, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu corolla. Mukhoza kuyamba kukolola masiku 80-90 mutabzala.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera pa hekita imodzi ya malo obzalidwa mukhoza kupeza matani 27 mpaka 50 a mbatata yabwino kwambiri. Tonnage imadalira kulongosola kwa kayendedwe kake ka zachilengedwe ndi nyengo zomwe mbatata zimalimidwa.
Zizindikiro ndi kukoma
Ngati tilankhula za makhalidwe a chipatso cha Sante, ndiye kuti amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ophimba. Mtundu wachikasu wa peel uli ndi zing'onozing'ono ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Mtundu womwewo wa zipatso zamtundu, zomwe zimakhala zokhazokha 10-14% wa wowuma. Mtundu wa mbatata ndi mtundu wa zokometsetsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale zophweka. Pazitsamba zokhazo, zimateteza chipatso kuchokera ku zotsatira zosasangalatsa za chilengedwe ndipo zimathandiza kuti mbeu isungidwe nthawi yaitali. Mbatata iyi ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri pophika zophika ndi mafinya omwe mumawakonda kwambiri, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi masamba otsika omwe ali ndi zipatso komanso kukoma kwa mbatata ya Sante.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbatata ndi mitundu: "Ilinsky", "Veneta", "Rocco", "Irbitsky", "Gala", "Bluishna" ndi "Cherry".Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imeneyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri kwa masamba a masamba. Zokongoletsera Sante - zokoma, zokometsera zomwe mungathe kumeza lilime. Ngati banja lanu lachita misala za mbatata yokazinga ndi golide wonyezimira, ndiye kuti simungapezeko zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Koma, tsoka, ndizosatheka kupanga mbatata yosakaniza ndi mbatata iyi, ndizo zonse zazomwe zimakhala zochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitunduyi ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya, makamaka pokonzekera mankhwala osakaniza, masamba a msuzi, zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana za masamba. Ubwino wabwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndikuti pamene mbatata yotentha siimdima ndipo imatha, chifukwa ili ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa chinyezi, koma zipatso sizowuma kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwakukulu, ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'magulitsiro, mbatata zakhala zotchuka kwambiri moti museums akutsegulidwa padziko lonse lapansi komanso ngakhale kumanga zipilala pamalopo.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Monga mankhwala aliwonse, mbatata ya Sante imakhala ndi ubwino wake.
Mwachikhalidwe, tiyeni tiyambe ndi ubwino:
- mbatata amasiyana mu kukula kwakukulu ndi kulemera kwa 100-150 g;
- maso a chipatso samapangitsa maonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo;
- peel ndi chitetezo chodalirika cha mbatata kuchokera kuwonongeka;
- chiwerengero chochepa chochepa;
- chovala chokongoletsera ndi chitetezo chokwanira;
- Amapereka mphamvu zotsutsana ndi matenda omwe amabwera ndi mavitamini amphamvu kwambiri.
- mavitamini (C, B) ndi mchere.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo yoyamba yomwe idakwera ndikukula mumlengalenga inali mbatata.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi
Pofuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino za mbatata, munthu ayenera kusunga miyambo yambiri yolima mbewu:
- Zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (6) kuti musinthe mbeu.
- Malo odzala amasankhidwa bwino, otayidwa, odzala ndi odzaza ndi mpweya.
- Kukonzekera kwa malo okudzala a mbatata ayenera kuyamba kugwa. M'dzinja, imayenera kukumbidwa ndi kuthiridwa ndi nayitrogeni. Mu kasupe, nthaka ya mbatata imayenera kumasulidwa ndipo namsongole achotsedwa. Posakhalitsa musanadzale ndikofunikira kuti manyowa nthaka ndi humus, zikhale pa tsamba lililonse la mbeu.
- Olima amaluso amalangiza kubzala kokha pambuyo pa kutentha kwake kotheratu ku 8 ° C ndipamwamba, koma sizitha kuchepa, chifukwa kuzizira kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wa mbande. Pa kutentha kotere, nthaka imatha kutentha mpaka masentimita 10 kubzala. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndiyo kutha kwa April.
- Kuya kwa dzenje la kubzala liyenera kukhala 10 cm.Tubula timayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 35 kuchokera mzake, ndipo mtunda wa masentimita 60 uyenera kukhala pakati pa mizere.
- Sante salola kuti chinyezi chisawonongeke, choncho zosiyanasiyana zimayenera kutetezedwa ku madzilogging. Muyeneranso kutetezera chikhalidwe kuti musamawume pa nthawi ya budding ndi maluwa, ngati kuli koyenera kuti ndibwino kuthirira madzi.
- Mutabzala malowa ayenera kukhala osakanizidwa.
- Pofuna kuteteza mbande ya mbatata kuchokera kwa namsongole, ayenera kuchitidwa ndi herbicides ("Bast", "Glifors", "Roundup"). Kuwopsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda tiyenera kuyendetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ("Kutchuka", "Maxim", "Cruiser").
Ndikofunikira! Monga zotsatila za mbatata ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati nyemba, phacelia, kabichi, kapena radish.
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira mbatata Sante ndi yokongola kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokonzekera bwino ndondomeko ya kuthirira, kukwera ndi kudyetsa.
Kuthirira
Zinatchulidwa kale kuti zosiyanasiyana sizimalola chinyezi chowonjezera. Malo oti chodzala akhale bwino. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chikhalidwe chiyenera kutetezedwa kuti chisaume, makamaka pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi maluwa. Pazigawozi za kukula, zimasowa madzi okwanira ambiri, zomwe ziyenera kuimidwa panthawi yakucha kuti ziteteze chipatso kuti chivunda.
Kupaka pamwamba
Pofuna kusamalira nthaka yobzala mbatata, muyenera kuyamba kugwa, pamene mukumba nthaka imamera ndi nayitrogeni. Kubzala mbewu kumapangidwira m'zitsime zokha, zomwe zili ndi humus. Pamaso pa hilling mupange zina zowonjezera kudyetsa chikhalidwe.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa abwino a mbatata ndi phulusa kapena manyowa (gwero la phosphorous, nayitrogeni, potaziyamu) loyeretsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2. Pa mahekitala 0,1 oyenera kumwa malita 6 mpaka 10 a mchere.
Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kumalangizidwa kuti uchite magawo atatu: nthawi yobzala, budding ndi maluwa. Pofuna kudyetsa zomera zokwera, ndizo zitosi za mbalame zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito; chikhalidwe chomwe chadutsa mu gawo la budding ndi umuna ndi yankho la phulusa (1 chikho), 2st. l potassium sulphate ndi madzi (10l). Mitengo ya maluwa imasowa kwambiri kuvala pamwamba, imalangizidwa kuthira manyowa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa 2 tbsp. superphosphate ndi galasi mullein pa 10 malita a madzi. Chitsamba chilichonse chikufunikira 0,5 malita a chida ichi.Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Zokolola za Sante ya mbatata imakololedwa masiku 80-90 mutabzala. Ngati mutayimitsa zokololazo, mbatata ikhoza kugunda. Ndikofunika kusunga zipatso muzipinda ozizira zomwe chisanu sichidzatha m'nyengo yozizira, monga chisanu ndi choopsa kwambiri kwa mbatata. Chipinda chiyenera kutetezedwa ku kuwala, chomwe chiri chofunikira kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Pakatha kuwala, mbatata imatembenuka ndikukhala poizoni, kumwa kwawo kungawononge poizoni. Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata zoterezo zimakhala zowawa pambuyo pake.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapindulitsa ndi matenda ake. Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa kudziwa mmene zovuta zowonjezera mbatata zosiyanasiyana zingakhale, zomwe sizipirira zowawa zosiyanasiyana aggressors. Ponena za Sante, iye sagwidwa ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri: khansa, nkhanambo, matenda a fungal, cyst nematode, mavairasi opanga fodya, kupotoza ndi makwinya a masamba. Mlingo wa kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana musanayambe kuzunzidwa kochedwa kwambiri ndi rhizoctonia ikusinthasintha, motero sikuthandiza chikhalidwe kudziteteza. Pofuna kupewa ndi kuteteza matenda, Taran, Konfidor-Extra, Fitosporin-M, ndi Alirin-B amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadya mbatata ndi Colorado. Chotsani alendo osakondedwawa, thandizani tizilombo, makamaka "Konfidor-Maxi", "Dantop", "Prestige". Monga mukuonera, vuto ndi kusankha mitundu ya mbatata kuthetsedwa. Mukufuna Sante ya mbatata, yomwe imasiyana kwambiri ndi zokolola zambiri (mbatata 20 zimakololedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi), kusamalira modzichepetsa, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
