Mwinamwake mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri komanso yodabwitsa kwambiri ya mitengo ya zipatso padziko lapansi ndi mtengo wa apulo "Aport", yomwe tidzakula ndikusamalira nkhaniyi.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Mbiri ya zosiyanasiyana "Aport" imapita kale kwambiri, ndipo mpaka lero palibe umboni wotsimikiziridwa wa 100% wonena zoona. 
Pali mabaibulo ambiri omwe amapezeka:
- ena amakhulupirira kuti mtengo wapachiyambi wa apulo unayamba kukula m'dera la masiku ano Ukraine, pafupifupi m'zaka za zana lachinayi;
- ena - kuti "Aport" ndi chipatso cha Chipolishi, popeza maapulo ofanana omwe amatchulidwa ku tchalitchi cha 1175 adachotsedwa ku Poland kuchokera ku ufumu wa Ottoman;
- ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe amatsatira buku lachitatu, lomwe limati mtundu uwu unabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Turkey.
Poyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yosiyanasiyana inkapezeka ku France, Belgium ndi Germany, yokhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana m'mayikowa.
Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany mtengo wa apulowu unkatchedwa "Russia Emperor Alexander", ku Belgium - "Purezidenti wa kukongola", ndipo anthu a ku France anawatcha "Pulezidenti Napoleon".
Kuwonjezera pa maiko apamwambawa, mtengo wa apulo unafalikira m'mizinda ya Chingerezi (1817), kenaka anadza ku Kazakh Almaty (1865), kumene kunakhala nkhani yowunika ndi kuphunzira. 
Alma-Ata obereketsa anayamba kuwoloka "Aport" ndi mitundu zakutchire zakutchire, zomwe zinachititsa "Vernensky" ndi "Alma-Ata Aport", omwe anali otchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zazikulu 500-gramu.
Masiku ano, mitundu yodabwitsa ya apulo ingapezeke m'madera akummwera ndi a pakati a Russia, koma chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo, mitengo imakula pokhapokha ngati ili ndi zipinda zodyera.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi kafukufuku wamakono omwe apolisi a ku British pomologist (mu 2000) anapeza, anapeza kuti wolima mitundu ya Aport ndi apulo wam'madzi a Sievers.
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Mitengo ndi zipatso za "Aport" zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina yotchuka, choncho malongosoledwe awo ndi okondweretsa kwambiri. 
Mitengo
Mitengo, monga lamulo, ndi yamphamvu, ili ndi korona yofalikira, yopanda phokoso, yopanda anthu ndipo chiwerengero chochepa cha chigoba chikuwombera ndi madontho ochepa a bulauni. Thunthu la thunthu likusiyana kuchokera 8 mpaka 10 mamita.
Onetsetsani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo monga "Zopindulitsa", "Rozhdestvenskoe", "Ural bulk", "Krasa Sverdlovsk", "Orlinka", "Orlovim", "Zvezdochka", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Papirovka", "Screen" , "Antey", "Rudolf", "Bratchud", "Robin", "Chief Red", "Ulemerero Kwa Ogonjetsa".Nthambi zazomera zimakhala zolimba kwambiri ndipo zimachoka pambali pamtunda waukulu. Maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira komanso obiriwira, obiriwira.
Zipatso
Kuwoneka kwa chipatso cha apulo iyi ndi chokongola mu kukongola kwake ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kulemera kwake kwa apulo kumakhala pafupifupi 300-350 g, komabe kulemera kwa zipatso zina kumafika 600 ndipo ngakhale kufika 900 g. 
Maonekedwe a maapulo amawoneka bwino kwambiri ndi nkhwangwa yosadziŵika bwino. Mu mtundu, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi ikuphatikizidwa: yonyezimira, wofiira, wofiira, wotchulidwa, wofiira, womwe umakhala pafupifupi theka la chipatsocho.
Mtedza wophimba apulo uli ndi mawonekedwe wambiri wandiweyani wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso ofunika kwambiri.
Zomwe zilipo ndizomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ndi zowonjezereka komanso malo ambiri ophatikizira, omwe ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiira. Mnofu wa chipatsocho ndi woyera, wokongola bwino, wokhala ndi tinge wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira-wokoma, wokometsera ndi wokometsa.
Ndikofunikira! Kukongola kwa zipatso zomwe zili m'madera ozungulira dziko la Russia zikuchitika, monga lamulo, m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za September. Kudya maapulo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa mwezi mutatha kukolola.
Zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu yambiri ya "Aport" yakhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 200, panthawi yomwe mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya apulo yomwe idalidwa idapangidwa kuchokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana, omwe otchuka kwambiri ndi awa: "Aport Red Red", "Aport Dubrovsky", "Zailiysky" ndi "Alexandria ". 
Masiku ano, m'misika yapadera, munthu akhoza kukwaniritsa mitundu yonse yotchulidwayo, kudziwa momwe akufotokozera komanso kufanana ndi mawonekedwe a teknoloji yaulimi yomwe ikuyenera kulima ndi kukonza.
Malamulo a kusankha ndi kugula mbewu
Ngati munasankha "Aport" yaikulu ndipo mumagula mbeu yobzala mbewu yachilendo, musanagule, choyamba, onetsetsani kuti "zakuthupi" zomwe zimasankhidwa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira ndi zofunikira:
- Ndikofunika kugula mbande mu makampani apadera kapena mabungwe omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti ali ndi munda wabwino.
- Mbewu ya mmera sayenera kupitirira zaka ziwiri. Iye ali wamng'ono, ndibwino kuti ikhale mizu ndi kukula. Kuzindikira zaka za mbewu sikovuta - yang'anani ngati mmera wapanga nthambi (ngati ayi, nkhaniyo ndi chaka chimodzi). Chomera chabwino chimakhala ndi nthambi ziwiri kapena zitatu zomwe zimapangika mosiyana pa mbali ya 50-90 °.
- Yang'anani "zinthu" ziyenera kukhala mosamala: pa mizu ndi tsinde sayenera kuwonongeka ndi kukula, ndipo pansi pa kukula kwa mbeuyo muyenera kukhala wobiriwira.
- Mzuwu uyenera kukhala wouma kwambiri kukhudza, koma osati wovunda, ndipo mizu iyeneranso kukhala yokonzeka komanso yosalimba.
- Kutalika kwa mizu kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 40.
- Sikoyenera kugula mbande zomwe masamba angapo amera kale.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Mitundu imeneyi iyenera kubzalidwa kudera lotetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mizu ya apulo "Aport" ndi yabwino pamalo pomwe madzi apansi sangakhale apamwamba kuposa mita imodzi.
Ngati madzi ayandikira, ndi bwino kukhetsa pansi ndi dzenje la njerwa ndi miyala, ndikukweza chomeracho pamwamba pa nthaka.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Musanadzalemo mmera, mizu yake iyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi ndikusungiramo nthawi yosachepera tsiku. Pofuna kukula kwa mizu yowonjezerapo, mungagwiritse ntchito njira "Kornevina" kapena "Heteroauxin".
Zowonjezera zowonjezera zimaphatikizaponso "Bud", "Charm", "Kornerost", "Chunky", "Etamon", "Vympel", "Energen", "Zircon", "Stimulus".Chombo cha "Aport" chimakonzedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi musanayambe kubzala: Kuzama kwake ndi m'mimba mwake ziyenera kukhala 1 mamita. Ndikofunika kusakaniza nthaka yochotsedwa ndi mchenga (1 chidebe), kompositi (1 chidebe), phulusa (800 g) ndi feteleza .
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Mitengo ya "Aport" ndi ya kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, choncho, ndibwino kuti tizitha kubzala zomera izi nthawi yopuma yopulumuka. Kukhazikitsa komweku kumagawidwa m'magulu angapo:
- Kukumba nkhumba pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa mizu. Monga tanenera kale, iyenera kukonzekera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanafike, ndipo musanadzalemo, nthaka yofulidwa iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi chipangizo chapadera.
- Chokonzekera chokonzekera chimapanga chitsamba, chomwe chimagulidwa mmera.
- Ndi mizu yotseguka, mizu yowongoka kumbali ya mapiri.
- Pambuyo pa kutsika, dzenje liyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka, mwamphamvu kugwira thunthu ndi dzanja ndipo nthawi zonse kugwedeza chomeracho pofuna kupewa mapangidwe a voids pakati pa mizu.
- Mutabzala mtengo ayenera kutsanulidwa mochulukira, kufikira madzi atakhala pamwamba, ndipo tsinde liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi peat.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Mofanana ndi mitengo ina ya apulo, "Aport" imafuna kusamala komanso kuyang'anitsitsa nyengo, komanso kusamalira mosamala.
Kusamalira dothi
Kusamalira dothi kuyenera kuphatikizapo ntchito izi:
- Kuthirira - ziyenera kukhala panthawi yake komanso nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Madzi (zidebe zingapo) ayenera kubweretsedwa pansi pa mbeu yaying'ono 1 kapena 2 pa mlungu. Onetsetsani kuti ndondomeko yothirira yambiri ikumasula.
- Kubzala nthaka kuzungulira mtengo kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati namsongole akufalikira.
- Pofuna kukula bwino mmera ndi kusunga malo okwanira m'nthaka pansi pa mtengo wa apulo, kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma pokhapokha ngati mulch adzaikidwa ndi masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndipo adzakhala ndi mullein, manyowa, utuchi kapena udzu wobiriwira wa tirigu.
Kudyetsa
Zovala zapamwamba "Aport" zikuchitika m'nyengo yam'mawa ndi yophukira. Panthawiyi nitrojeni yomwe ili ndi feteleza mchere imatulutsidwa m'nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni ayenera kukhala osapitirira September. Ndi bwino kuchita izi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi.
Malangizo oyenera kudyetsedwa bwino:
- Pakati pa maluwa, perekani 5 malita a manyowa, 2 malita a manyowa a nkhuku, 100 g wa phosphate ndi 70 g ya potaziyamu, yomwe inachepetsedwa mu 10 lita imodzi;
- pambuyo pa maluwa ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito 500 g wa nitrophoska, 10 g wa sodium humate wothira ndi ndowa yamadzi;
- m'dzinja (kuteteza chomera m'nyengo yozizira) - 30 g ya potaziyamu, 60 g ya double superphosphate ndi 30 g ya calcium ayenera kuchepetsedwa mu 10 malita a madzi ndikuyika izi mu nthaka.
Prophylactic kupopera mbewu
Kupanda kupopera nthawi zonse mitengo ya apulo, kusamalidwa kovuta sikungatchedwe kwathunthu. 
Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zomera zisakhale zochepa zowonongeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso osagwidwa ndi tizirombo.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mtengo wa apulo umayenera kuchitidwa mu kasupe ndipo makamaka musanayambe mphukira, ndiye kuti zowononga kupopera mankhwala nthawi ndi nthawi zimapangidwa ndi pambuyo pa maluwa.
Kuchiza kwa "Aport" kumalimbikitsidwa kokha ndi kutsimikiziridwa, kutsika kwambiri kumatanthauza: urea, Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa ndi vitriol yachitsulo.
Kukonza, kukonza ndi kudulira kudulira
Kudulira maapulo a kalasi iyi kumachitika mwaukhondo, kubwezeretsanso, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, kupanga cholinga. 
Njira yoyamba ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala mtengo, nthawi zonse mumasika, mu nyengo yofunda ndi youma. Choyamba, mphukira zomwe zimakula mkati mwa korona zimadulidwa, kenako nthambi zakale, zomwe mazira atsopano sangapangidwe, ndi njira zakale.
Kuwongolera koyera kumaphatikizapo ngati mwadzidzidzi kuwonongeka kwa mitengo ndi matenda a fungal (owuma nthambi, makungwa m'madera ena, madontho wakuda pa mitengo ikuluikulu).
Ndikofunika kuchotsa madera oterewa pammera mwamsanga mwamsanga "opaleshoni".
Kudulira mitengo yokalamba kumayesetseratu kukonzanso fruiting ya mtengo wa apulo, komanso kuwonjezera moyo wake. Zingatheke pokhapokha panthawi yopumula, koma palibe nthawi yachisanu, pamene njira yotaya madzi imayamba mu thunthu. 
Ndondomeko yoyenera iyenera kuyamba ndi kudulira nthambi zakufa kwambiri, ndiye muyenera kuyamba kudula.
Nthambi zonse zowumidwa, zouma komanso zosafunika ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa thunthu palokha, ndipo zitsimikizirani kutsatira mfundo yakuti "ndibwino kuchotsa nthambi zazikulu zingapo kusiyana ndi zing'onozing'ono".
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Mwamwayi, "Aport" siitchuka chifukwa cha kukana kwa chisanu, choncho, poyamba, ndikofunika kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo m'nyengo yozizira-yolimba varietal rootstocks.
Pofuna kuteteza, zotentha zotentha, zotentha, briquettes ndi lignite zimabweretsa zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimatenthedwa kumadzulo dzuwa ndi kutentha kutentha kwa chisanu. 
Kuteteza mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku makoswe (makamaka hares ndi mbewa), gwiritsani ntchito njira zothandiza izi:
- Kujambula zitsulo ndi masentimita 20 mm;
- pansi pa zomera zowononga zowononga, mwachitsanzo, timbewu timbewu;
- Kutsekemera posamba mankhwala a nylon - zinyama zakale kapena zofiira; makoswe musawadye;
- Kuyika pa nthambi za pepala lakuda (hares akuwopa kwambiri);
- Kuphimba nsanamira ndi chisakanizo cha mullein ndi dongo;
- mankhwala amkuwa ndi mkuwa sulphate kapena bordeaux madzi.
Mukudziwa? Zakafukufuku zakale zasonyeza kuti anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zipatso za maapulo kuyambira 6500 BC. e.
Kukula zipatso zazikulu ndi zokoma za mtundu wa "Aport" m'dera lawo si zophweka. Komabe, pokhala ndi mwambo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zowatchulidwazo ndikuganizira momwe zinthu zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhalira, ndizotheka kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Makamaka popeza iye amavomereza zonse zomwe zimayembekezera.
