"Chuma" ndi yatsopano yophukira yowonjezera.
M'nkhaniyi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe ndi kufotokoza kwa peyalayi, kukambilana za ubwino wake ndi zamwano, komanso phunzirani malamulo ena ofunika kusamalira mtengo.
Mbiri yopondereza
"Sungani" - njira yatsopano ya kusankhidwa kumwera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana inapezedwa ku bungwe lofufuza kafukufuku wa Hordavian Scientific Institute of Horticulture, Viticulture ndi Winemaking. Wasayansi wina wa ku Moldavia, dzina lake K. K. Dushutina, analima zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu iwiri ya Chifaransa inasankhidwa monga maziko: "Kugonjetsa kwa Vienna" komanso nyengo yozizira "Olivier de Serres". Zambiri mwa chiwerengero cha deta ndi zamoyo zinapezedwa ndi mitundu yatsopano kuchokera ku "achibale" a Chifalansa, motero zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa "Parisian".
Tsamba limeneli lachita bwino ku Moldova komanso m'nkhalango ya Ukraine. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbikitsidwa bwino ndi ofufuza a ku Belarus.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mtengo ndi waufupi, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 2. Makungwa pa mbali ya thula kuchokera ku khola la mizu kupita ku tsamba loyamba la chigoba lachitsipa chokwera cha korona, komanso pa nthambi zazikulu zili ndi mdima, wakuda. Masamba omwewo ndi pyramidal Nthambi zimakhazikika kuchokera ku mtengo wa mtengo pafupi ndi mbali yoyenera; Mapeto a nthambi amapita mmwamba.
Zimayambira pafupifupi makulidwe. Mtundu wa zimayambira ndi chikasu cha azitona. Pa zimayambira wina amatha kuona mitundu yambiri yamatenda a mtundu wachikasu. Masamba ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Dothi lopangidwa ndi mazira (lomwe linaloza kumapeto), matte pamwamba. Kuwala kobiriwira kumatalika ndi makulidwe ndi kwakukulu kapena sing'anga kukula.
Mbali yapadera ya kapangidwe ka "Chuma" ndi rhizome yaikulu. Mu mitengo ya zipatso, mbali ya pansi pa nthaka ili pafupi kufanana ndi kukula kwa gawo la pamwamba. Pa peyala yomweyo ya peyala mizu imakula kuposa kanda 2.5 nthawi. Malingana ndi izi, kusintha kwa agrotechnical njira kumafunidwa - kukumba, kutsirira ndi feteleza. 
Kupanga munda wanu wa peyala, tcherani khutu kwa mitundu yambiri ya Yakovleva, Cathedral, Rossoshanskaya, Bergamot, Duchess, Lada, Severyanka, Nika, Elena, Fairy Tale, Otradnenskaya, Avgustovskaya dew.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Kupindula kwakukulu kwa wofalitsa Dushutina ndi zipatso za mtengo - ndizokulu kwambiri, ndipo kukoma ndi kokoma kwambiri. Zipatso zimakhala zosiyana, kulemera kwake kwa peyala ndi pafupifupi 200-290 g. Nthawi zambiri kulemera kwa chipatso kumafika 300 g, nthawi zina pali zimphona zomwe zimapitirira 500 g (pa chitsa cha quince).
Tsinde ndi lalifupi, lopindika, osati lakuda. Peyala ndi yodalirika kwambiri, ili ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a kondomu yowonjezereka. Komabe, malo awo ali osalinganizana, okhala ndi maphuphu. Khungu ndi lakuda ndi lakuda. Akakhwima, khungu lobiriwira lobiriwira limawala ndipo limakhala pafupifupi chikasu.
Pa khungu, mukhoza kuwona madera otentha (specks ndi streaks). Madera amenewa, ngati apangidwa, ndiye kuwala, malalanje. Manyowa pa maonekedwe a mafuta, ofewa, oyera ndi chikasu, ndi madzi ambiri. Idyani zabwino, zokoma, zokoma ndi zowawa pang'ono. 
Zofunikira za Kuunikira
"Penyani" amatanthauza mitengo yokonda kuwala. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala, mtengowo umapanga mphamvu, zokolola zake zachepa. Mlingo wa kuwala umakhudzanso ubwino wa chomera. Zowonjezereka zofunikira kuti zitha kufotokozedwa "Parisian" zimapanga gawo la budding ndi mapangidwe a zipatso, ang'onoang'ono - mu gawo lina lonse. Zotsatira za kusowa kwa kuwala ndizopanda kusintha kwa maluwa.
Zosowa za nthaka
Peyala "Chuma" nthawi zambiri imayamba pa kolchatka. Koma ngati mukufuna kufotokoza zapamwamba za mbeu, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, kutenthetsa bwino ndi nthaka yokwanira, kuphatikizapo zosavuta, kuti zikule.
"Parisian" imakula bwino pa nthaka yochepa komanso yosavomerezeka. Zakudya zamagulu ndi mchere zimathandizanso pa kukula kwa mtengo ndi fruiting. 
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo youma, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madiresi apamwamba ayenera kukhala pamodzi ndi ulimi wothirira.
Kuwongolera
Chuma sichiri mtengo wokhala ndi feteleza. Kuti peyala ikhale ndi mungu, m'pofunika kudzala mungu wozungulira pafupi ndi iyo. Pa ntchito ya mungu wowonjezera zomera zimagwirizana ndi zomera zomwe zimakula pachiyambi. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga: "Pulezidenti", "Klapp's Pet", "Motley July", "Bere Mlievskaya", "Williams", "Thawing", "Josephine Mechelnskaya", "Deccan du Comis".
Fruiting
Zosiyanasiyana sizingakhoze kuwerengedwa pakati pa skoroplodny. Mtengo umafika palimodzi m'chaka chachinayi mutabzala. Ndipo zipatso zabwino kwambiri zomwe amalonjezedwa ndi ogulitsa mbewu, mumatha zaka 5-7 mutabzala. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mtengo ukubala zipatso nthawi zonse ndi mowolowa manja.
Monga osamalira munda akuyang'ana, kambewu kakang'ono kamamasula kwambiri kwambiri ndi mochulukira, nthawi zina ngakhale kachiwiri, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti musamawonenso ofanana kwambiri ndi fruiting.
Nthawi yogonana
Ponena za kucha "Chuma" ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Peyala zipse mu kugwa. Zipatso zipsa synchronously, pa nthambi zimasungidwa mwamphamvu, pafupifupi popanda kugwa. Kukula kosalephereka kwa mapeyala kumagwa pakati pa September, ndi kukhwima kwa ogula - kanthawi pang'ono, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
Pereka
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali umapereka malo okwera komanso osasunthika, osasinthasintha. "Penyani" mofulumira kumawonjezera zokolola. Ndi chomera chimodzi chazaka khumi, mutha kufika pa makilogalamu 100 a zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Pamaso pa Christopher Columbus atabweretsa masamba a fodya kumayiko a ku Ulaya, anthu a ku Ulaya ankasuta masamba a peyala.
Transportability ndi yosungirako
Malinga ndi kugulitsa ndi kuyenda, zosiyanasiyana zimatsimikiziranso bwino. Zipatso za Chuma zimasiyanitsidwa ndi khalidwe la kusunga bwino, mapeyala amasungira katundu wawo wautali kwa nthawi yaitali.
Malingana ndi zikhalidwezo, zipatso zimatha kusungidwa bwino mpaka mwezi wa January-February komanso kuposa. Iwo amasungidwa mu firiji mpaka November ndi December, popanda kutaya makhalidwe awo a kukoma. Kuti muzisunga zipatso zowonjezereka, muzipititsa ku zipinda zozizira kumene kutentha kuli pafupi 0 ° C ndipo chinyezi chiri pafupifupi 85%. Zikatero, zipatso zimakhalabe ndi khalidwe la malonda mpaka January.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Sungani "Chuma" sichikulimbana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kupha tizilonda. Tsamba silikukhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, ndizofunika kwambiri popewera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuola zipatso, ndi khansa ya bakiteriya.
Ndikofunikira! M'chilimwe, mitengo ya peyala imafuna madzi okwanira, makamaka m'madera otentha. Njira yabwino kwambiri yoperetsera ulimi wothirira. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi ndi nthawi ndikofunikira kuti mvula ikhale yamtengo wapatali. Ndondomekoyi idzakuthandizani kusamba fumbi kumapazi ndi kuteteza zomera kuti ziwonongeke ndi tizirombo.
Frost kukana
Kutentha kwa frost ndiyomweyi. Mu nyengo yozizira (pansi pa -20 ° C), pali mwayi wa chisanu, chifukwa cha zomwe zokololazo zachepetsedwa kwambiri pakali pano.
Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa mawonekedwewo kumawonetseredwa kuti mtengo umakhala wokwanira kutsika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yochepa. Kusintha kwa nthawiyi kungakhale mtengo wa +15 ° C (pansi pa chizindikiro ichi, njira za umuna zimachitika pang'onopang'ono). 
Zipatso ntchito
"Chuma" ndi mchere wokhala ndi zovuta kwambiri. Zipatso zake zimapangidwanso mwatsopano.
Zipatso zatsopano musanagwiritse ntchito, ndizofunika kuyeretsa khungu lofiirira. Komabe, yesetsani kuchotsa khungu ndi khungu lochepa, chifukwa kumtunda kwa zamkati muli mavitamini ambiri ndi zonunkhira.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Pomaliza, mwachidule, timapereka ubwino ndi zovuta za peyala ya Chuma.
Zotsatira
- Zipatso zazikulu zokongola kwambiri;
- zokolola zazikulu (nthawi zonse ndi zochuluka fruiting);
- mchere (zokoma) kukoma;
- pachimake;
- Kukaniza matenda (makamaka nkhanambo).
Wotsutsa
- Zomwe zimayenera pa mbeu ku nthaka ndi nyengo;
- Kulephera kudzipangira yekha mungu;
- otsika chisanu kukana.
Mukudziwa? Kale ku China, peyala ankawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha kusafa. Izi zinali chifukwa cha mphamvu zodabwitsa za nkhuni. Kufikira mtengo wosweka wosokoneza unali wolakwika. Ngati wina adavulaza chomeracho, ngakhale mwadzidzidziIzi zikutanthauza kuti masiku a munthu uyu akuwerengedwa.Podzala peyala yamtengo wapatali m'munda wanu, mudzasangalala ndi zipatso zake zabwino kwa zaka zambiri. Mtengo uwu udzakhala weniweni kupeza kwa munda wanu.
