Mitengo yachitsamba ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Iwo samatenga malo ochulukirapo, choncho amafesa m'madera ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, mitengo ya apulo yaying'ono yosamalira ndi kusonkhanitsa zipatso. Zokolola zawo sizowopsya kuposa mitengo yamitali. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtengo wa apulo "Wodabwitsa".
Mbiri yopondereza
Mitundu imeneyi inalengedwa ndi A.M. Mazunin, akugwira ntchito ku Institute of Research Research Institute of Horticulture ndi mbatata. Mwa kuwoloka Eliza Ratke wakale ndi Ural North x 11-20-12 wosakanizidwa, mitundu yozizwitsa yopanda chisanu imatulutsidwa, yomwe imabala chipatso m'nyengo yozizira. Mitunduyi imakhala yoyenera kumadera kumene nyengo si yabwino.
Mukudziwa? Mudziko muli mitundu 7,000 ya maapulo. Mitengo 100 imagulidwa, ndipo zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera ndi zamakono.
Mafotokozedwe ndi zosiyana za zosiyanasiyana
Taganizirani za ma apulo osiyanasiyana "Wodabwitsa".
Mitengo
Mtengo uli wotsika. Pa rootstocks yamamera, imakula mpaka masentimita 150, ndipo imakula pamtunda kufika pafupifupi 200-250 masentimita. Chimake chimakhala chachikulu, kufalikira, ndipo chimakafika pansi. Nthambizi ndizobiriwira. Amatha kuyendayenda pansi polemera maapulo akuluakulu.
Zipatso
Maapulo ndi aakulu, olemera masentimita 140-200. Amakhala ozungulira, ochepa pang'ono, obiriwira. Mipope ikhoza kukhala yofiira, ndi zikwapu zofiira. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, bwino. Kukoma kwa maapulo omwe ali mu funsowo ndi okoma, wowawasa.
Mitundu yotereyi monga "Bratchud" ndi "Currency" imatha kukhala ndi mtengo wa apulo.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Mbande zapamwamba zimagulidwa bwino kumera osungirako. Koma ngati kulibe kuthekera kotero, ndiye posankha chodzala zakuthupi, ziwalo zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisasokoneze mmera wofunidwa ndi zakutchire:
- pazitsamba zamtengo wapatali ziyenera kukhala zowoneka bwino pakati pa muzu wa khosi ndi thunthu;
- Mtambo wa sapling wazaka ziwiri uyenera kukhala ndi nthambi 4 zokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, ndipo kutalika kwa thunthu sikuyenera kukhalapo kuposa 0.5 m. Nyama zakutchire zili ndi nthambi zambiri zopanda masamba;
- Mizu ya mitengo ya apulo yaing'ono yochepa ndi yotanuka, ndi kuthengo - taproot.
Ndikofunikira! Mutagula zokololazo, mizu yake iyenera kukulunga muzitsamba zamadzi - sizidzauma ndipo sizidzavutika panthawi yopitako.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Gulu lowerengedwa limakonda malo pa dzuwa kapena pang'ono. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yowumitsa kuti iume pansi, pamene mizu yayandikira, kotero malo ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chisanu, chipale chofewa chimasokoneza, ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwake kwa zomera zimatha kuzizira. Mtengo umakula bwino m'mapiri, m'mapiri ndi m'malo omwe ali pafupi ndi nthaka. Dothi labwino ndi losalala kapena lachonde, lachonde, lopuma komanso lonyowa.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Mizu yambiri ya mtengo wa apulo "Wodabwitsa" ili pamtunda wa nthaka, choncho mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yonyansa yokhudza kubereka kwa nthaka. Choncho, nthaka iyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Pafupifupi 10 makilogalamu a humus kapena manyowa ovunda ndi 20 g ya fetashi ndi phosphorous feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 mita mita kuti akumbe. Ngati dothi likulemera, onjezerani mchenga kapena peat, ndipo ngati acidic - onjezerani mandimu.
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Mitengo ingabzalidwe kumapeto kwa nyengo: Panthawi yomwe nthaka isanagwedezeke komanso isanayambe. Komanso, mtengo wa apulo ukhoza kubzalidwa mu kugwa: ndibwino kuti tiyambe kuyambira kumapeto kwa September ndi kumaliza mwezi umodzi chisanafike chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kuchedwa ndi nthawi yomwe ikufika, chifukwa izi zimakhudza kwambiri mitengo.Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko:
- Ngati mitengo yambiri yamaluwa imabzalidwa, mabowo ayenera kukumba mosiyana mamita atatu. Kuzama kwake kuyenera kukhala 50 cm, ndi m'lifupi - 70 cm.
- Mu dzenje lililonse adatsanulira mu chidebe cha madzi.
- Dothi lapansi liyenera kusakanizidwa ndi kompositi yomwe ili ndi pansi.
- Kenaka chomeracho chimakhazikitsidwa pa phiri, mizu yake imatha.
- Malo opatsirana katemera ayenera kukhala pamtunda wa masentimita 2 kuchokera pansi.
- Sapling atagona padziko lapansi ndi nkhosa.
- Maderawo amapangidwa kuzungulira thunthu kuti madzi asanamwe.
- Mitengo imathiriridwa pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha madzi kwa aliyense.
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Kusunga malamulo onse obzala, mungatsimikize kuti mtengo udzakhazikika. Koma kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunikira kupereka chisamaliro chapamwamba pa apulo "Wodabwitsa".
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za maapulo owuma ndi mazira.
Kusamalira dothi
Mizu ya mtengo ili pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo imalira mofulumira kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimwa madziwo m'chilala. M'zaka zoyambirira zitatha, zimalimbikitsa kudula pansi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Pambuyo pa ndondomeko iliyonse, dziko lapansilo liyenera kumasulidwa kuti likhale lopanda kuti dziko lapansi lisapangidwe ndipo mpweya umalowa mizu. Tiyeneranso kuchita nyemba kuzungulira mtengo ngati udzu umawonekera. Kuti muteteze chinyezi m'nthaka, mutha kukweza dera lozungulira thunthu peat kapena humus.
Kupaka pamwamba
Mizu ya apulo "Wodabwitsa" ndi yaying'ono, ndipo mtengo umabweretsa zipatso zambiri, choncho ndikofunika kudyetsa mtengo wa apulo ndi njira yothira mullein kapena zitosi za nkhuku, pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe cha mbewu iliyonse. Kukonza kwa mchere kumapangidwa kwa mitengo ya apulo yomwe ili ndi zaka zopitirira 2. Pochita izi, 40 g ya fetereza imathetsedwa mu chidebe cha madzi. M'chilimwe, zakudya za foliar zikhoza kuchitidwa - masamba amachotsedwa kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi njira yowonjezera ya zakudya. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika m'mawa kapena m'mawa. Zotsatira zabwino zidzakhala pambuyo popopera mtengo ndi urea. Chinthu chachikulu - kupanga yankho limene silikutentha masamba. M'dzinja, zimalimbikitsa kudyetsa mitengo ndi feteleza, kuphatikizapo potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Kwa tizilombo ndi matenda a fungal, apulo mtengo uyenera sprayed ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena Nitrafen. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa impso, asanamve impso. Ndi cholinga chomwecho, mungagwiritse ntchito njira ya 7% ya urea. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita processing musanayambe kuyamwa. Ngati mutachita izi mtsogolo, mukhoza kutentha impso, zomwe zatseguka kale. M'dzinja, masamba atagwa, prophylaxis iyenera kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kapena Nitrafen.
Mukudziwa? Maapulo atsopano sadzimira m'madzi, chifukwa gawo lachinayi la misala ndi mpweya.
Kudulira
Kukolola kochuluka kungayembekezereke pokhapokha ngati apanga korona yoyenera. Chinthu chachikulu ndichokuti mtengowo unakula mofananamo kumbali zonse. Siyenera kubala mawanga, komanso kuphulika. Kudulira apulo "Wodabwitsa" akulimbikitsidwa kawiri pachaka. Kudulira kwachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, isanayambe kutuluka kwa madzi. Njirayi ndi kuchotsa matenda, kuonongeka ndi kukula mkati mwa nthambi. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mtengo uyenera kupanga korona. Kuti muchite izi, muzidula 0,5 m, ndikudula impso zosiyana ndi inoculation.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, mtengo wa apulo umakhala ndi mphukira zisanu. Kukula pamtunda pamwamba padzakhalabe chitsogozo. M'zaka zotsatirazi, adadulidwa ndi 0,2 m, pamene akudulidwa pa impso zosiyana ndi chaka chatha. Mtengo wa apulo wamkulu uyenera kupepuka nthambi. Kuti nthambi zobala zipatso zizikula mozungulira, ziyenera kudulidwa ku kukula komwe kumatsikira pansi. M'dzinja, kudulira kachiwiri. Panthawiyi, ndi bwino kuchotsa nthambi zowonongeka, zosweka, zotayika ndi zomwe zikukula molakwika.
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Popeza mizu ya apulo "Wodabwitsa" ili pamtunda, imatha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Pofuna kuteteza izi, m'pofunika kuphimba bwalo la okolostvolny ndi humus kapena manyowa, ndikuyika nthambi ya spruce. Dzuwa litagwa, zimalimbikitsa kuchotsa nthambi zokhotakhota, ndi kukoka matalala oyandikana ndi chisanu pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a apulo ndiwo makoswe ndi hares. Amakopeka ndi makungwa a mitengo. Mukhoza kuteteza mtengo wa apulo mothandizidwa ndi nthambi zowonjezereka. Ayenera kumangirizidwa ku tsinde kuti singano zisayang'ane pansi. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamatabwa, zitsulo zamkuwa, fiberglass. Kuphimba zakuthupi muyenera kukulunga thunthu, kukulitsa masentimita 10-20 pansi, monga mbewa zam'mwamba zimatha kukumba. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a nylon. Ayenera kukwera pamwamba pa mbiya ndi kuthira mafuta ndi mafuta a diesel.
Olima munda amalangiza kuti agwiritse ntchito utuchi wotsekedwa ndi creolin kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe - amafunika mulch mtengo wa mtengo. Hares ndi amanyazi kwambiri, choncho ndikwanira kumangiriza zikwama zakuda pa nthambi. Nyamayo idzaopa "monster wakuda" kotero kuti sichidzafika pafupi ndi mtengo wa apulo. Ngati zilondazo zinali zolimba, muyenera kumanga chingwe chachingwe pafupi ndi thunthu kapena kuyika ndowa yakale yosungiramo pakhomo popanda pansi, kudula khoma. Ngati mupereka mtengo wodabwitsa wa apulo ndi chisamaliro chamtengo wapatali, ndithudi zikomo chifukwa chokolola zochuluka.
