Mu September-Oktoba, nyengo ya bowa ili mkati mokwanira. Okonda amakonda kuthamangira m'nkhalangomo ndikukwera pamsakasaka wamtendere. Panthawi imeneyi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizera. Ena osankha bowa amakonda kuwateteza, koma pachabe. Zakudya zokoma zosiyanasiyana za bowa ndi mzere wa poplar.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Poplar akugwedeza ndi bowa yomwe imakula pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ndipo ili ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana. Amatchedwanso podtopolnik, ndi dzina lake la botanical - Tricholoma populinum. Bowa uwu ukhoza kukhala ndi zipewa zachikasu, za imvi ndi zofiira za zipewa zofiirira, pansi pa khungu lawo ndi thupi la bowa la chigoba chofiira. Mu bowa wachinyamata, umakhala wovuta kwambiri, ndipo ukakula umawongola, ndipo ukalamba uli ndi masentimita 18. 
Mphepete mwa mafunde ake osagwirizana, ang'onoang'ono, angakhale akuphwanyika. Bowa laling'ono lili ndi mbale zoyera ndi mthunzi wotumbululuka wa pinki, womwe umayamba kudima ndi kupeza mtundu wofiira wofiira ndi mabala ofiira. Msowa wa bowa ndi thupi lolimba, ali ndi mawonekedwe a silinda ndipo amakula pang'ono pansi. Kawirikawiri kutalika kwa mwendo ndi masentimita 3-6, koma nthawi zina zimatha kufika masentimita 12. Kulemera kwachilendo - 1-4 masentimita.
Mapira a bowa awa ndi minofu, yoyera bwino, okoma pang'ono pang'ono, kukoma pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zimatha kuzimitsa dzuwa: ngati ali ndi dzuwa lokwanira, ndiye kuti, monga anthu, amabala vitamini D. Mtundu wa kapu umadalira.
Kalori wokhutira
Poplar akuthamanga, monga mitundu yonse ya bowayi, ali ndi calorie yotsika kwambiri - 20.2 kcal pa magalamu 100.
Phindu la zakudya
100 magalamu a poplar kuthamanga ndi:
- mapuloteni - 2.4 g;
- makapu - 1.8 g;
- mafuta - 0,83 g
Kalori yamtundu komanso mapuloteni apamwamba amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa azikongoletsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana zolemera. Ndipo kupezeka kwa mavitamini ndi mavitamini omwe amapezeka mu bowa, zidzakhala zothandiza kuti thupi liziyenda bwino.Bowa awa ali ndi mavitamini a gulu B, PP, ma vitamini C, D ndi K, ambiri a potassium, phosphorous, selenium, mkuwa ndi zina.
Bowa ngati: white podgruzoviki, nguruwe, cep, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, boletus, boletus ndi champignons.
Nthawi ndi kumene kumakula mzere wa poplar
Podtopolnik amapezeka m'madera otentha a Eurasia ndi North America, kumalo alionse kumene mapikola amakula. Ndiponsotu, imakula, monga ikudziwika kale ndi dzina, pansi kapena pafupi nawo. Mu nthawi ya tsamba kugwa (mwezi wa August-November), ikhoza kukumana ndi gulu lalikulu mu zolima, mapaki, poplar groves. 
Sizowoneka mosavuta - izo zimangowonjezera pang'ono kapangidwe kake ndipo kapu yake yofiira sikumveka mosavuta. Koma, ngati atapeza podtopolnik imodzi, ndiye kuti palinso ena ambiri pafupi.
Mitundu ndi maonekedwe awo
Mtundu wa bowa, womwe mtengo wa popula uli, mawerengero pafupifupi mitundu 100, koma ku Russia mitundu 45 yokha imakula. Zina mwa izo ndizosawerengeka ndi zitsanzo za poizoni. Mitunduyi imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa bowa amakula m'magulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapanga "mfiti."
Mukudziwa? Bowa sizili za nyama kapena zomera. Iwo amapanga ufumu wosiyana wa bowa. Zomwe zili m'kati mwa mapuloteni zimakhala zofanana ndi zinyama, ndi zakudya ndi mchere - ndi zomera.
Taganizirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa osankha bowa:
- imelo yofiira (streaky). Bowa wabwino wodyedwa, womwe umatchedwanso chitumbuwa ndi nsanamira zazing'ono zothandiza kukula m'nkhalango ndi mitengo yosakaniza mu September-November. Mtundu wa kapu ndi imvi, nthawi zambiri ndi azitona kapena zofiirira. Kuwoneka ndi chipewa cha mdima wamdima. Mu nyengo yamvula, ndi slimy ndi zinyalala za m'nkhalango zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono;
- mzere wodzaza. Mitundu imeneyi sichikuyanjana ndi mtengo wina uliwonse, umakula mumtambo wambiri komanso umakhala wofiirira, komanso imvi ndi imvi. Ali wamng'ono ngati podtopolnik. Iyo imakula mu September-November ndipo imakhala yodzaza kwambiri moti nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kugawa matupi a zipatso. Hatani 4-10 masentimita, thupi ndi loyera kapena laukhondo, ndi fungo la ufa wosalala;
- greenfinch. Ili ndi chipewa chobiriwira ndi chikasu chachikasu, mapulogalamu achikasu ndi oyera, ndi thupi la chikasu. Amakula makamaka m'nkhalango za pine pa dothi la mchenga, kuyambira September mpaka November chisanu;
- mungakhale bowa. Kawirikawiri imakula mu May-June, mtundu wa kapu ndiwuyamba khungu, kenako umakhala woyera, ndipo mu bowa wakale umakhala wochuluka. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, woyera ndi fungo lokoma, mbale za kirimu, chipewa chokhala ndi mamita 4-6 masentimita. Chimakula mumadambo ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, msipu, nkhalango;
- wofiira wofiira (wofiira). Ili ndi chipewa chokhala ndi kukula kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 15 masentimita mu mtundu wofiira wa malalanje, wokutidwa ndi masiketi aang'ono ofiira-bulauni. Mwachikhalidwe chodya chokhala ndi chikasu chowawa chowawa. Kawirikawiri imakula mu pine pa nkhuni zopanda moyo, mu July-Oktoba, ndipo imakhala ndi fungo la nkhuni zovunda kapena zowawa;
- mtundu wachikasu-bulauni. Chipewa chake ndi chofiira kwambiri kapena chikasu chachikasu ndi m'mbali mwake, kuyambira kukula kwa 3 mpaka 15 cm. Bowawu amadya pafupi ndi mitengo ya birch mu July ndi October. Ili ndi mnofu woyera kapena wachikasu ndi fungo lokoma ndi kulawa kowawa;
- zofiirira. Kapu ikhoza kufika 20 cm, koma kawirikawiri imakhala ndi kukula kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 15 masentimita, mtundu wofiirira, womwe umakhala wamdima ndi nthawi, mbaleyo ndizitolo zofiirira. Mnofu ndi kuwala kwa mtundu wofiirira, womwe pamapeto pake umakhala ocher-cream, wokhala ndi fungo losakanizika, wodetsedwa. Amamera m'nkhalango zamtundu komanso zowonongeka, m'mphepete ndi m'mitsinje, amakonda zowola zamoyo.
Mukudziwa? Bowa ena ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza psyche munthu. Nyumbayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amatsenga panthawi ya miyambo yawo.
Zothandiza
Mndandanda wa mzerewu umaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya thupi la munthu. Lili ndi zinthu zothandiza kwambiri:
- kumawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira, amachotsa slags ndi poizoni;
- kuchepetsa cholesterol, kumalimbitsa mitsempha ya magazi;
- kupewera khansa;
- anti-inflammatory, antibacterial ndi antibiotic;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi;
- Zotsatira zake zimakhudza momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera.
Ali ndi zakudya zochepa ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kulemera ndi cholesterol.
Zingakhale zovulaza
Ngati mukuphwanya teknoloji yokonzekera mitundu yambiri ya ryadovok ikhoza kukhala poizoni, ndipo padzakhalanso mutu, kunyoza, kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Kudya kwambiri bowa sikuyenera kukhala - sikungowonongeka mosavuta ndipo kungawoneke m'mimba ndi zizindikiro zina zosasangalatsa.
Pofuna kupeĊµa mavuto, ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timeneti, komanso kuti tipange zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zokhazokha. 
Contraindications
Bowa pafupifupi onse ndi ovuta kukumba ndi thupi, ndipo ntchito yawo ikhale yochepa ngati:
- kupweteka;
- kupweteka kwa ndulu, cholecystitis;
- otsika acidity;
- matenda ena aakulu omwe amapezeka m'mimba.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri amwenye amalimbikitsa kuti mukhale bowa muzinthu za ana kuyambira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndikuyamba ndi bowa woweta - bowa ndi bowa wa oyster. Ngati pali mavuto ena omwe amagwira ndi ntchito yamagetsi kapena matenda ena, ndi bwino kubwezeretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bowa mpaka zaka khumi.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mukagula
Choyamba, nkofunika kugula bowa ngati mthunzi wochokera ku bowa wovomerezeka, omwe amadziwa bwino bowa, ndipo musamawasonkhanitse pamsewu. Msowa wa bowa uyenera kudulidwa mokwanira kuti udziwe momwe bowacho liriri ndi nkhawa.
Muyenera kugula atsopano, achinyamata komanso osati makope ambiri. Bowa wakale ndi yowonongeka, yowuma, ndipo mwendo sungagwirizane bwino pamutu. 
Pa achinyamata podtopolniki, zipewazo ndizogwedeza ndipo mbale ndi zamkati zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mnofu woyera, ndipo akamakalamba amawoneka ofiira. Masamba mu bowa wakale amakhala otseguka, ndipo achinyamata amakhala omvera kwambiri. Sungani bowa - bowa watsopano wa mitundu iyi ili ndi fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, ndipo bowa wakale imadetsedwa.
Kusungirako zinthu
Bowa watsopano sungakhoze kusungidwa - amadya mwamsanga ndi mphutsi. Bowa wotere monga podtopolnik imayenera kuviikidwa mwamsanga mumadzi amchere akamabwera kunyumba - mchere umathandiza kuchotsa mphutsi ndikuyeretsa bwino bowa kuchokera pansi ndi zinyalala.
Ndikofunikira kufungira, kusunga, mchere kapena kuphika bowa izi pokhapokha mutayambira ndi kutentha.
Phunzirani mmene mungayamire bowa wa oyster, mapuloteni a chotupa, ndi kumanga bowa monga: maluwa, bowa zakutchire, chanterelles, bowa wa oyster, ndi bowa woyera.
Momwe mungatsukitsire poplar ryadovku
Kuti mwamsanga ndi mwatsuka mzere wa pepala, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- mutatha kusonkhanitsa, bwerezerani bowa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mofulumira kuti mupewe poizoni;
- Ndibwino kuti muyambe kupaka zofiira, siziyenera kusambitsidwa. Ena osankha bowa amatha kukonza bowa nthawi yokolola;
- Pofuna kukonza bowa, ndi bwino kutenga mpeni wochepa. Ndi chithandizo chake ndikosavuta kuyeretsa mapazi ndi zipewa za dothi ndi zinyalala zina. Pachifukwa ichi, mumasowa zovuta zedi siponji ndi burashi;
- ndiye bowa amasamutsidwa ku madzi amchere. Njirayi ingathandize osati kuchotsa mphutsi, komanso kupewa mizere yokha kuti ikhale yopanda.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti muyeretse filimuyi kuchokera pamitu ya mzere - kenako amve zowawa zochepa ndipo mukhoza kuchita popanda kuuluka. Koma ngati bowawo ndi yonyansa kwambiri, mumayenera kuwazitsa m'madzi ndi mchere.
Zophika
Kupalasa poplar musanaphike kuyenera kukonzedwa motere:
- Sambani bwino kuchokera ku dothi, fumbi;
- kenaka pitani ku chidebe chachikulu, mudzaze ndi madzi ozizira ndi zilowerere masiku awiri kapena atatu. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuchotsa mkwiyo;
- pamene akuwukha, madzi ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi - osachepera kawiri pa tsiku;
- pamene zikopa za bowa zimakhala zotsekemera ndipo sizidzasweka pamene zidzakanikizidwa ndi zala zanu, ndiye mutha kupitiliza kupitiliza.
Bowa uwu akhoza kukazinga, kuwedwa ndi kirimu wowawasa, mchere wothira, kuzifutsa ndi zamzitini kuti mudye. Kuchokera poplar kuthamanga pali maphikidwe ambiri ophikira maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri. Talingalirani zotchuka kwambiri.
Chinsinsi - Mizere ya Poplar yapamadzi
Kukoma kwabwino kumapezeka ku pickled ryadovki.
Zosakaniza
Zotsatira izi zimatengedwa kuti zisankhidwe kwa lita imodzi ya marinade:
- poplar kuthamanga;
- mchere wamba - supuni 2;
- shuga granulated - supuni 2;
- Mtundu wapatali - masipuniketi atatu;
- tsamba la bay, katsabola kuti alawe;
- nyemba za tsabola wakuda - zidutswa 10;
- zonunkhira zonunkhira - zidutswa 6;
- madzi a marinade - 1 lita imodzi.
Njira yophika
Bowa wothira bwino komanso ochapa amawaponyera mu supu ndi madzi, mchere ndi wophika kwa mphindi 15. Kenaka madzi amathiridwa ndikutsanulira atsopano, wiritsani mphindi 45-50. Pakatha nthawi, sungani bowa ku colander. Pa nthawi yomweyo konzani marinade. Marinade amapanga pamaziko a chiwerengero cha 10-lita chidebe cha bowa 1.5 malita. Kuchita izi, kuthira madzi, kuponyera mchere, shuga, zokometsera ndi kuphika kwa mphindi 15, pamapeto pake kuwonjezera vinyo wosasa.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, zitini ndi makosi a nylon kutsukidwa ndi soda ndizosawilitsidwa. Ikani bowa wophika pamabanki ndi makapu pansi ndi kutsanulira marinade mpaka iyo idzaze mpaka pamlomo. Pakutha pamwamba pa chivindikiro, ozizira ndi malo mufiriji. Pambuyo pa mwezi, bowa wothira mafutawa ndi okonzeka.
Chinsinsi - mzere wa salting poplar
Kusankha kwa bowa kungathe kuchitika mumadera ozizira komanso otentha.
Zosakaniza
Kwa pickling yotentha, muyenera kutenga zotsatirazi:
- Mzere wa poplar - 1 makilogalamu:
- mchere - 50 g;
- babu wamba - 1 pc.;
- adyo - 4 cloves lalikulu;
- katsabola kouma, gulu la tarragon, mizu yothamanga - kulawa.
Njira yophika
Pachifukwa ichi, zonsezi, osati bowa zowonjezereka zimasankhidwa. Kupalasa, koyamba kutsukidwa, yophika mu madzi amchere kwa theka la ora. Kenaka pita ku colander ndi kutsuka m'madzi ozizira. Mitsuko yamatsuko yosambitsidwa bwino imatetezedwa.
Bowa wophika umayikidwa mu mtsuko, umathira mchere ndi zonunkhira zonse. Bowa m'mabanki amaikidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mmalo mwa zitini, mukhoza kutenga mbiya, ndikuyika kuponderezedwa pamwamba. Mukhoza kuyesa pa sabata.
Ndi njira yozizira ya salting, bowa amadzipiritsa masiku osachepera atatu. Zosakaniza ndi zofanana ndi njira yotentha, koma mumayenera kutenga mchere wambiri - 5% ya kulemera kwake kwa mzere. Pambuyo poyandama, mizere imatsukidwa bwino, imatayidwa kumbuyo ndi kudikirira kuti madzi amwe.
Banks ndi chosawilitsidwa, ndipo pansi akuwazidwa ndi mchere. Ngati bowa amathiridwa mchere m'mbiya, ndiye kuti amathira madzi otentha ndipo pansi pake amatsukidwa ndi mchere.
Mukudziwa? Panthawi ya kukula, zovuta za mkati mwa bowa zimatha kufika mlengalenga zisanu ndi ziwiri, kotero zimatha kupyola mu chitsulo kapena marble.
Pa mchere, bowa mumitsuko kapena miphika imayika bowa m'magawo awiri pamwamba pake. Ndipo kotero-mpaka kutha kwa thanki. Kenako, mmalo mwa zophimba, tengani mabwalo a matabwa ndikuphimba pamwamba.
Pansi pa mabwalo amenewa, perekani wosabala gauze. Ikani katundu pamwamba. Mwamsanga pamene bowa atakhazikika, yikani zina.
Pambuyo masiku 7, brine amapangidwa pamwamba. Ngati msuzi wotere suwonekera, ndiye kuti kupweteka kuchokera pamwamba kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi kulemera kwakukulu, chidebecho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi polyethylene, ndipo mbale ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kuzizira. Kupalasa kudzakhala okonzeka masiku pafupifupi 40.
Chinsinsi - Popala Youma
Zokoma kwambiri zimapezeka poplar akuwotcha.
Zosakaniza
Kukonzekera chakudya chotero, zotsatirazi zimatengedwa:
- chithandizo;
- ufa;
- mchere;
- chomera;
- masamba - katsabola kapena parsley.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati bowa siali wamng'ono kwambiri, ndiye kuti ayenera kuonongeka kale, mwinamwake iwo adzalandira kulawa. Kuti zikhale zodalirika, ziyenera kuphika, osati kuziwongolera.
Njira yophika
Muzimutsuka bwino ndi burashi, yoyera, scald ndi madzi otentha ndi kuuma ndi thaulo. Dulani bowa muzopanga zazikulu. Kenaka amaikidwa pa poto yotentha bwino ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa, amchere mchere. Pambuyo pa madzi, omwe amachokera mumzerewu, asungunuke, phulani ufa wambiri komanso mwachangu mpaka kuphika. Kumapeto kwa Frying, mukhoza kuwonjezera wowawasa zonona, kuwaza ndi zitsamba. Mafuta amawonjezeredwa kulawa. 
Kukula
Pakuti podtopolnikom sikuti amayenda mu nkhalango ndi kumera, izo zikhoza kukula pa malo kapena m'nyumba.
Kukonzekera ndi kugona kwa gawo lapansi ndi mycelium
Kuti kulima poplar ryadovki kufunika koyamba kukonzekera gawo lapansi ndi mycelium. Mycelium ndi bwino kugula mu sitolo yapadera. Peat yatsimikiziridwa yokha ngati gawo lapansi.
Mukhoza kutenga nthaka yokonzedwa kapena pansi. Mu makilogalamu asanu a nthaka muyenera kuwonjezera zana magalamu a choko ndi madzi okwanira imodzi. Kenaka ena magalamu makumi asanu a mycelium akuwonjezeredwa, kenako amasakaniza mpaka minofu yofanana.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza mawonekedwe a podtopolnik a mycorrhiza (symbiosis) ndi mapulasitiki, timadzi timene timayambira pansi pa poplar ndi masamba ovunda a mapulala ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lapansi.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Kukula poplar ryadovki kungakhoze kuchitika kunja kwa zinthu ndi m'nyumba. Zimakhala zosavuta kumera bowa panja. Mwezi wa May ndi wangwiro pachifukwa ichi. 
Mbali yokonzedwa bwino ndi mycelium imayikidwa pamabedi okonzeka m'mabokosi kapena matumba, ndipo amawaza pamwamba pa nthaka yonyowa (masentimita asanu). Ndiye chophimbidwa ndi zojambulazo, khalani ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndikuwunika mpweya wabwino pamphepete.
Mukamabzala, mungagwiritse ntchito ngati kompositi yowuma (12 kilograms), zomwe zimapanganso zitoliro za mbalame (8 kilograms). Mmalo mwa zitosi za mbalame, mukhoza kutenga akavalo kapena ndowe. Nthawi yokonzekera kompositi: masiku 22-26.
Dziwani zochitika za composting ndi manja anu kapena m'matumba a zinyalala.
Mycelium imakula mofulumira kutentha kwa madigiri 20+. Iyo ikakula bwino, filimuyi imachotsedwa ndipo gawo lapansi limayikidwa pamalo amdima ndi chinyezi. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa anthu akukula, mumayenera kuthirira bwino ndikutsanulira pafupi masentimita 3-5.
Mavuto otentha
Chofunika kwambiri pa kulima bowawa ndikutentha kwakukulu. Choncho, zokolola zoyamba za bowa zimapezeka pokhapokha ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa madigiri 15 kapena pang'ono pansipa.
Ngati poplar ryadovku ikukula m'chipinda, muyenera kutsatira njirayi:
- kutentha kwapamwamba pa 12-15 madigiri;
- mkulu chinyezi.
Kupuma ndi kuyatsa
Mu chipinda cha kukula kwa bowa ziyenera kukhala zabwino zachilengedwe kuunikira, komanso kufunika kupereka nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino. 
Zima
Asanayambe chisanu, mycelium yodzazidwa ndi udzu, udzu ndi udzu ndi masamba. M'chaka, pamene kutentha kosatha kumafikira kuchepa kuposa madigiri 10, bowa amatseguka.
Mwa njira, njira yosavuta yowonjezera podtopolnik pa tsambali idzakhala kufalitsa zidutswa za bowa wotsamba pafupi ndi popula yowonjezera (ngati ilipo imodzi) kapena kutumizidwa kuchotsa mosamala mycelium pamodzi ndi gawo la nthaka.
M'nyengo yozizira, otola bowa ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa pansi pafupi ndi mitengo yamphepete, ndipo mwadzidzidzi padzakhalanso kuima pakati pa masamba ndi nkhuni. Ndiye achibale ake adzakhala otsimikizika, ndipo kuchokera m'banja lonse la bowa mungathe kuphika zinthu zambiri zokoma.
