Mitengo yachitsulo "Kadinali" imapezeka ndi anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Zitha kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi maonekedwe ake, zomwe zimasiyanitsa mabulosiwa ndi achibale ake. Kuphatikiza apo, amabweretsa zipatso zazikulu kwambiri. Zosiyanazi ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya obereketsa kuchokera ku America. Momwe mungakulire mu nyumba yanu yachilimwe, werengani nkhani yathu.
Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe
Tiyeni tidziŵe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munda strawberries (ndilo dzina lenileni la strawberries) "Cardinal" pafupi. Zakhala zotsamba mpaka masentimita 45 mu msinkhu, pali masamba ochepa pa iwo. Chipatso chapamwamba cha masamba ndi chobiriwira mdima wandiweyani, pansi pamakhala ndi timiso ta bluish. Mu mawonekedwe, iwo amafanana ndi ngalawa.
Pa tchire timapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimatha kuphuka bwino. Zitsulo zimenezo zomwe zabala kale zipatso sizidzatha kukula ndi kubereka zipatso. Pakuti chodzala chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kapena zitsulo zazing'ono kwambiri.
Kubala zipatso mu "Kadinali" kumabwera mofulumira - kumapeto kwa June, mutha kale kulawa zipatso zokoma, zazikulu. Zipatso zomaliza zingapezeke mu October. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwake kulikonse kufika pa 70-80 g. 
Iwo ali ofiira a mdima ndi kuwala. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kofiira. Mu mawonekedwe - oval. Khalani ndi fungo losangalatsa. Nyama ndi yowutsa. Pakati pa sitiroberi pali chinthu chosakwanira chodzaza.
Kukoma kwa zipatsozo ndi kokoma ndi kowawa. Zimagwedeza pakamwa pakama. Pakati pa mchere, "Kadinala" adalandira malemba 4.4-5. Iwo ali oyenerera kusungirako nthawi yaitali ndikuyenda pamtunda wautali. Pachigawo ichi, kalasiyo inalandira mapepala a 4.6-5 mfundo.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi kulima mitundu ya sitiroberi monga Tristan, Black Prince, Kama, Alba, Honey, Clery, Eliana, Maxim, Tsaritsa, Kimberly, "Marshal", "Ambuye", "kukula kwa Russian", "Zeng Zengana".
Zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zapamwamba - pafupifupi kilogalamu ya strawberries amakololedwa kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo. Pa fruiting yomaliza, zipatso zimakula kuposa nthawi yoyamba fruiting.
Zomera zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda monga kupenya ndi imvi kuvunda. Akakula, nthawi zambiri amadwala powdery mildew. Kukaniza kwawo kuzizira ndizabwino - amatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri -16, ngakhale chisanu pansipa -8 ndizoopsa mizu. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, komanso kumalongeza, kupanikizana. 
Mukudziwa? Sitiroberi yaikulu padziko lapansi inaleredwa ndi mlimi wa ku Japan Koji Nakao. Kulemera kwake kunali 250 g, ndi miyeso yozungulira - masentimita 25. Berry amawerengedwa ndi olemba buku la Guinness Book of Records, akulowetsamo pa masambawo.
Kuswana
N'zotheka kufalitsa munda wa strawberries m'njira zingapo. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi awa:
- nyanga;
- magawano a chitsamba;
- njira yamagulu.
Kwa kubalana, muyenera kusankha makondomu a chiwiri pakalowa. Kufika kwawo kukuchitika mu April. Zitsulo zimabzalidwa miphika yosiyana. Nsalu zimenezo zomwe sizikufunika kuti zibereke zimadulidwa bwino kuti zisatenge zakudya zofunikira kuchokera ku chomera cha makolo.
Nthiti ziyenera kukhala miphika mpaka zitakhala ndi mizu yolimba. Monga lamulo, masamba anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi adzawoneka pa zomera zachinyamata. Mbande zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kholo lachitsamba ndipo pamodzi ndi clod ya padziko lapansi amabzalidwa m'malo osatha. Mwamsanga mutabzala bwino madzi. 
Nthiti zimatha kuponyedwa pakati pa mizere. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chilichonse, amatha kutengapo matayala awiri, ndipo ena onse achotsedwa. Patapita kanthawi, amapereka rosettes ndi masamba ndikuyamba mizu. Pa nthawi ya mizu, mapeto a ndevu ayenera kuchotsedwa, kusiya chotsatira choyamba, cholimba kwambiri.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, sabata imodzi isanakwane, zomera ziyenera kukhala zosiyana siyana. Afunika kuti pritenit ndi kutsanulira. Patapita kanthawi, mukhoza kupita pamalo osatha.
Ndikofunikira! Olima amaluwa akulangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito tchire chosankhidwa mwachitsulo kuti azitha kuswana ndi masharubu, omwe sayenera kukhala nawo mu fruiting. Amasankhidwa chaka choyamba mutatha fruiting, kupatsa omwe amakonda kubweretsa zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, mavuto opirira bwino komanso osagwirizana ndi matenda.Njira yogawira chitsamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa strawberries a zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Zitsamba zopangidwa bwino zimasankhidwa ndipo nthawi yamasika kapena yophukira zimagawidwa ndi mpeni. Chitsamba chilichonse chosiyana chiyenera kukhala ndi masamba atatu ndi nyanga imodzi yokha. Mu mawonekedwe awa, tchire amabzalidwa m'malo osatha.
Njira ya mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi obereketsa. Chilimwe sichikwanira, chifukwa zida za mchenga sizimatumizidwa ku zomera zazing'ono. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kusonkhanitsa zipatso zabwino. Kenaka amadulidwa kunja ndikumauma.
Mbewu imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi zipatso zouma. Kumera kwa iwo kumapitirira kwa zaka zinayi. Kwa mbande, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mwezi woyamba wa kasupe mu chidebe ndi nthaka, yomwe imayikidwa mu malo ofunda, okonzeka bwino ndi masana. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi moisten nthaka ndi mbewu mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Mphukira yoyamba imasonyezedwa kuchokera pansi pafupifupi mwezi. Zimakula mpaka mapepala awiri kapena atatu apangidwa. Kenaka mbande zimathamanga, zitsinzuke muzu ndikukhala miphika yosiyana. Mphukira imasamutsira ku malo okhazikika mu Meyi. Kawirikawiri panthawiyi ali ndi mapepala oposa asanu ndi limodzi. 
Malamulo ndi malamulo oyendetsa
Kuti strawberries apereke zokolola zambiri, nkofunika kutsatira malamulo angapo podzala ndi kukwaniritsa zosowa zake malinga ndi momwe dzikoli likuyendera, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuthirira kwake.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mumayenera kuthirira madzi a strawberries nthawi zambiri, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ulimi wothirira.
Kuyala kwambiri strawberries "Kadinali", ayi. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuziyika pansi pakati pa August 20 ndi September 15. Bzalidwa panthawiyi, chomeracho chidzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti ikhale ndi nthaka, idzuke musanayambe kuzizira.
Nthaka yakukula "Kadinala" ayenera kukhala mchenga kapena loamy, okhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso ofooka asidi - 5-6 pH.
Ndikofunikira! Strawberries sidzala mu nthaka yosauka dongo. Mu nthaka ya mchenga, zokolola zake zidzatsika kwambiri, ndipo zipatso zidzasweka. Ndikofunika kubwezera nthaka kwa miyezi umodzi kapena iwiri musanadzalemo.
Kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana m'njira ziwiri:
- Mzere wosakwatira
- Mizere iwiri
Kutalika kwa mzere umodzi pakati pa tchire ndi 15-25 masentimita, pakati pa mizera - 60-80 masentimita. Pogwiritsa ntchito mizere iwiri pakati pa magulu achoka 70 masentimita, mzere wa mzere ndi 30 cm. Pakati pa tchire ayenera kukhala osachepera 20-40 masentimita.
Ngati malo anu ali pansi pamadzi, m'pofunika kudzala munda wa strawberries pamtunda. Mizere iwiri ya tchire yabzalidwa, kutalika kwake pakati pawo kumakhalabe.
Kubzala bwino kwa strawberries ndi motere:
- Sankhani malo owala, otetezedwa ku zojambula. Otsogolera munda wa strawberries akhoza kukhala anyezi, kabichi, beets.
- Kuphika mabowo kwa mbande.
- Timawawathira.
- Timatenga zitsulo zozika mizu ndi kuzibzala kuti masamba a apical akhale pamtunda.
- Kumwera madzi.
- Mulch nthaka kuzungulira tchire ndi organic kanthu - udzu kapena utuchi. Komanso yoyenera filimu yamdima.
Momwe mungasamalire
Kuwonjezera pa kubzala bwino, kusamalira strawberries ndi kofunika kwambiri. Tikukupatsani inu kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe mukukambirana pazomwe mukuyenera kuchita potsatira nyengo yokula.
Mu April, muyenera kudula masamba owuma ndi mapulaneti, ndevu. Masizi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njirayi. Komanso panthawiyi, chithandizo chamankhwala chotsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta Bordeaux madzi, Horus kapena njira zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana zidzafunika.
M'masabata oyambirira a Meyi, mudzafunanso kupopera mankhwala. Komanso, ntchito zazikulu zosamalira panthawiyi zidzakhala:
- kupalira;
- dothi lomasula;
- tchire;
- mulching ndi organic substances.
Kuyambira pa June yokolola imayamba. Kuthirira pa nthawiyi kuyenera kuchitika madzulo, itatha kumapeto kwa zokolola zachasale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'pofunika kuchotsa peduncles ku tchire la uterine ndi ndevu pa zomera zonse.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasamalire strawberries mutatha kukolola, komanso momwe mungadulire masamba ndi masharubu a strawberries komanso nthawi yokolola.
Mu July, musanayambe maluwa komanso pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito mankhwala opatsirana motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides "Kvadris", "Topsin M", "Cavit" ndi tizilombo "Aktellik", "Teldor", "Calypso". Pa nthawi yomweyo, feteleza-ndi phosphorous feteleza ndi feteleza.
Kuyambira mwezi wa July kufika pa August, apange zovala zapamwamba, koma tsopano zowonjezera zopangidwa ndi mchere komanso mchere. Pangani mvula ndi malo ogulitsira mizere. Ngati kuli kotheka, kupopera mankhwala motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Pothirira ulimi wothirira, kukolola kwabwino kwambiri kungapezedwe kokha ndi kuthira nthaka nthawi zonse ndikusunga. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofunda - madigiri 20. Mu masiku otentha ndi owuma, mukhoza kusangalatsa zomera ndi kukonkha. 
Komabe, ikhoza kutulutsidwa kokha pisanafike maonekedwe a peduncles. M'tsogolomu, analola ulimi wothirira. Kuthirira ndi kofunika m'mawa kapena madzulo kuti tipewe kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa masamba. Pofuna kupewa tchire la tchire tating'ono tingathe kupanga malo osungirako zinthu.
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zokoma, zonunkhira ndi zazikulu kuchokera ku tchire zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. M'tsogolomu, mudzafunika kusintha momwe mukukhalira.
Mukudziwa? Strawberry ndi mabulosi okha, omwe mbeu siyiyikidwa pakati, koma kunja.
Kudwala matenda
Tanena kale kuti zosiyanasiyana "Kadinala" amatchuka chifukwa cha kukana imvi yovunda ndi kuwona. Komabe, matenda ena akhoza kuthandizira.
Kawirikawiri tchire zimakhala ndi matenda a anthracnose kapena a verdgris - matenda aakulu, chifukwa choti mungathe kutaya mbeu 80%. Matendawa amakhudza masamba, zimayambira, maluwa ndi zipatso. Amaoneka ngati mawonekedwe ofiira-bulauni, pang'onopang'ono akukula kukhala zilonda, ndikuphatikizana kumalo amodzi. 
Pang'onopang'ono, tsamba ndi tsamba, maluwa ndi maluwa, chipatso cha chipatso, matenda amapha mbewu yonse. Zifukwa za chitukuko cha matendawa ndizowonjezeka chinyezi, kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, nthaka yosavuta kwambiri. Choncho, ndikofunika kuti musapitirize kuwonjezera nthaka ndikupanga feteleza nthawi yake.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa, muyenera kusamala kubzala mbande zabwino - ziyenera kukonzedwa, ndikulowa mu fungicide kwa theka la ora. Zopopera zowononga zimapangidwa katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo. Ikani fungicides kuloledwa kwa sitiroberi.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity wa nthaka pamtengowo, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.
Powdery mildew nayenso ndi oopsa matenda, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza strawberries. Matendawa amakhudza ziwalo zonse zapadziko lapansi. Iwo ali ndi ma cobwebs oyera ndi fungal spores.
Nkhumba zimawoneka muzomera zakuda, kumene kuli koyendetsa bwino kwa mpweya, m'mabedi amsongole wamsongole. Mavuto okondweretsa chitukuko (70%) ndi kutentha (+ 18 ... +23 madigiri). Komanso bowa limakhala ndikukula kumalo komwe kuli nayitrogeni. 
Ndi powdery mildew, masamba amayamba, kutembenukira bulauni, kenako nkuuma. Zipatso zowonongeka, zimakula ndi kuuma. Ngati bowa lilowa mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti mbeu zambiri zikhoza kutayika, chifukwa matendawa amakula mofulumira.
Kuti mupewe powdery mildew, m'pofunika kugula mbande m'malo owonetseredwa. Strawberries ayenera kubzalidwa pang'ono - molingana ndi malingaliro.
Ndikofunika kukayezetsa kawirikawiri ka tchire pofuna kuthetseratu matendawa panthawi yoyamba, kupalira, kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira, kuteteza fungicidal kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ngati matendawa sungapewe, gwiritsani ntchito Quadris kapena Readzol.
Pa tizirombo, nematode ndi ngozi yaikulu ya strawberries - mphutsi yomwe imayambitsa mbali ya pamwamba pa chomera. Pakuti kupewa mawonekedwe pa sitiroberi mabedi a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, marigolds obzalidwa kuzungulira, kununkhira zomwe zimayambitsa tizilombo. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa zomera zonse zowonongedwa zimachotsedwa ndi kuyaka. 
Choncho, "kakhadali" sitiroberi amatanthauza mitundu yoyambirira, yomwe ili ndi ubwino wambiri. Zina mwa izo: zipatso zazikulu, kusungidwa bwino kwa zipatso, zipatso zokolola, kukana imvi yakufa ndi spotting, yaitali-fruiting, wabwino yozizira hardiness.
Zoipa za munda wa sitiroberi zosiyanasiyana ndi izi: kugonjetsedwa kwa powdery mildew, mavuto obereka chifukwa cha malo ochepa omwe angabereke zipatso chaka chamawa. Komabe, "Kadinali" - munda wa strawberries, womwe uli woyenera kutenga bedi la chilimwe wokhalamo. Ndi zophweka kukula, ndipo zimapatsa zipatso zambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.
