Imodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri panyumba, omwe simungathe kudutsa, ndi anthurium. Ndi maluwa achilendo osamvetsetseka akugwirizanitsa zizindikiro zambiri ndi zikhulupiliro, malinga ndi momwe chisangalalo ndi ubwino zimabwera kunyumba ndi iye.
Kufotokozera
Anthurium ndi mlendo kuchokera kumadera otentha, ochokera ku South America. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, adayambitsidwa ku France ndipo mwamsanga anafalikira ku Ulaya. Kuwonekera kwa chikhalidwecho kunapatsa dzina, lomwe kwenikweni limasuliridwa mu Chirasha limatanthauza "mchira wooneka ngati mchira". Pali mitundu 28 ya zomera izi, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito ya wamaluwa - pafupifupi 80 hybrids anapangidwa.
Dziwani zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthurium.Chikhalidwe ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira a mawonekedwe osazolowereka - owoneka ngati mtima kapena mphuno. Maluwa sangatchedwe wokongola - ndi mawonekedwe ake akufanana ndi khutu laling'ono la chimanga. Mitundu ya duwa ikhoza kukhala yosiyana: yoyera, yachikasu, yobiriwira kapena pinki.
Chophimba chomwe chili pafupi ndi maluwa ndipo chimakopa tizilombo ndizokongoletsa kwenikweni maluwa. Mu mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi mtima ndipo amawoneka ndi mtundu wobiriwira: kuchokera ku mandimu, lalanje mpaka pafupifupi wakuda, ngakhale nthawi zina mabracts amawonekera.Fungo la duwa limadalira mtundu wa zomera - zingakhale zosangalatsa kwambiri kapena zosiyana kwambiri.
Nthawi ya maluwa mu "mwamuna wachimwemwe" (monga momwe duwa limatchulidwira) ndilolitali - kuyambira March mpaka November. Ndibwino, anthurium akhoza kukula mpaka mamita 0.8 m'litali, ndipo mapaipi a kabedi amatha kufika mamilimita 0.5.
Mukudziwa? N'zovuta kupeza chomera chomwe chingapeze mayina ambiri kuposa anthurium. Amadziwikanso ndi mayina monga: "Lilime lofiira", "pigtail", "flamingo flower", "lilime lamagazi", "mivi yachikondi", "passion flower", "mwamuna wachimwemwe".
Kusamalira kwanu
Kuwona bwino kwa chomera kumafuna kusamalira bwino. Kuti izo zikondweretse maluwa ake obiriwira, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa: 
1. Kutentha Mofanana ndi mbewu zina zotentha, anthurium ndi thermophilic. Kutentha kwabwino kuli + 15 ... +28 ° С. M'nyengo yozizira, zizindikiro za kutentha ziyenera kupitirira chiwerengero cha +20 ° C, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - +15 ° C. Chikhalidwe chimapirira kulekerera zoipa kwambiri, pakuti zotsatira za mphepo zikuwononga.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa maluwa a humansrium m'nyengo yozizira - kuwonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya.2. Kuunikira Maluwawo amakonda kuwala kofewa komanso kofewa, popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Koposa zonse, "maluwa achikondi" adzamverera pazenera pazenera zomwe zikuyang'ana kummawa kapena kumpoto chakumadzulo.
3. Kuthirira Mukamwetsa "mivi ya chikondi" muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsa kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, imamwe madzi kamodzi pa masiku anayi, m'nyengo yozizira - kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-10) ndi okwanira. Ngakhale kuti zimachokera kuzitentha, sizimapereka madzi okwanira. Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kufufuza momwe nthaka imakhalira mu mphika ndi maluwa, kaya mulibe madzi poto, ndipo pokhapokha mutatha kumwa madziwo. "Chimwemwe chachimuna" n'chosavuta kulekerera kupezeka kwa nthaka yowonjezereka kuposa kuwonongeka. 
4. Kutentha kwa mpweya Kuti moyo ukhale wabwino, umafunika kuwonjezeka kwa mpweya wa 80% ndi wapamwamba. Muzipinda zoterezi ndi zovuta kupanga, koma mungagwiritse ntchito zidule izi:
- Muzitsuka maluwa nthawi zonse ndi zomera zodyera;
- Pukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa;
- kutonthoza mlengalenga ndi chidziwitso;
- yikani chotengera chotseguka ndi madzi pafupi ndi maluwa: madziwo amatha kusuntha ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatsitsimutsa anthurium.
6. Kusankhidwa kwa nthaka. Anthurium amamva bwino mu nthaka yochepa ya acidic, ndi pH ya 5.5-6.5. Kukonzekera kwake ndikofunikira kutenga mbali ziwiri za humus, 1 gawo la peat, 1 gawo la masamba, ½ mbali ya mchenga. Kuti dothi lipume bwinobwino, muyenera kuwonjezera zowonjezera kapena dothi lowonjezera, makala. Mungagwiritse ntchito mapangidwe awa a nthaka kwa anthurium: magawo awiri a peat, gawo limodzi la nthaka ya sod ndi gawo limodzi la peat moss ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga wonyezimira.
Phunzirani za katundu wa perlite ndi vermiculite, sphagnum, peat, hydrogel ndi momwe mungamere zomera mu hydroponics.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
"Chilakolako cha Msowa" sichidziwika kuti chikuwonekera ku matenda, kawirikawiri mavuto amayamba ngati zolakwika zinapangidwa posamalira chomera.
Matenda
Maonekedwe a bulauni kapena malingaliro pamapepala akugwirizanitsidwa ndi kutentha komwe amapezeka kuchokera ku dzuwa, kapena kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsikira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Maonekedwe a chikasu ndi a bulawuni, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono pa tsamba, amawapangitsa kugwa, ndi zizindikiro za bowa ndipo amatchedwa anthracnose ndi septoria. Omwe amachititsa matendawa amakhala tizilombo, madzi okwanira, nthaka yoipitsidwa.
Pofuna kuchiza, m'pofunikira kupatulira chikhalidwe cha anthu ena. Kenaka, chotsani masamba okhudzidwawo, kuti matendawa asafalikire, asinthe nthaka, yongolani mphika, ndi kumiza mizu ya maluwa kwa mphindi khumi muzowonjezera potassium permanganate. Pambuyo pa kusamalidwa, anthurium ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi fungicides ("Topsin", "Fundazol").
Ndikofunikira! Ngati anthurium akuonongeka kwambiri ndi zochita za bowa, izo zimawonongedwa chifukwa maluwa onse amkati m'nyumba angathe kutenga kachilomboka.Pamene mawanga a chiyambi chowonekera amapezeka pamaluwa ozungulira, samalani mukamapopera mbewu, izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi atha.
Kuda ndi kuyanika kwa nsonga za masamba kumasonyeza kuti nthaka imakhala ndi kashiamu yambiri - ndikofunikira kuti mutenge nthaka yosakaniza.
Ngati tsinde ndi mizu zikuvunda, ndiye kuthirira mowa kwambiri ndi kulakwa, ngati sikunachepe, mbewuyo idzafa.
Ngati anthurium atasiya kuponya maluwa, - samverani mphika, mwinamwake ndi waukulu kwambiri, ndikuika maluwa.
Werengani zambiri zokhudza matenda ndi tizirombo ta anthurium.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingakhale zoopsa kwa "amuna achimwemwe" ndi: aphid, chitetezo ndi kangaude. Pofuna kupewa zochitika zawo, masamba ndi zimayambira zazitsamba zimachotsedwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Ngati chomeracho chagunda kale tizirombo, ndiye kuti amachizidwa ndi madzi sopo (pogwiritsa ntchito sopo) kapena tizilombo (Aktellik, Karbofos).
Momwe mungakhalire pansi
Pamene chomera chimakula, mwanayo amayamba kupanga mawonekedwe pozungulira. Monga lamulo, chomera chomera panthawi yopatsa, kuti musamawonetsetse kuti mukuvutika maganizo. Panthawi yopatsa mbewu, mbali za zomera zimasiyanitsidwa mosamalitsa kuchokera kumtunda waukulu, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikuwulula mizu, kuti asawavulaze.
Ngati mizu ya mbeuyo yawonongeka, iyenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi ndi mpweya wotsekedwa mkati mwake chifukwa cha disinfection. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi ntchito yomweyi monga palimodzi.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti panthawi ya maluwa a anthurium amatsitsimutsa maganizo a anthu okhala mnyumbamo, amabweretsa chikondi ndi chimwemwe.
Momwe mungasinthire
Kubwezeretsanso "maluwa a chilakolako" ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, nyengo yamasika (makamaka March) imasankhidwa kuti izitha kuziika, ngakhale panthawi ino chomeracho chitayika kunja kwa peduncle. M'zaka zinayi zoyambirira - ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa chaka ndi chaka, kenako - amayang'ana dziko la anthurium, pafupifupi kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Ngati izi sizichitika, chomeracho chidzataya mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, monga masamba adzasintha mtundu ndikuyamba kutembenuka wakuda, ndipo peduncle idzakhala yaying'ono ndipo idzawonongeka mwamsanga. 
Pofuna kubzala bwino mbewu, muyenera kutsatira izi:
- Mosamala gwirani pansi pa maluwa ndi dzanja lanu ndikutulutsamo kunja kwa chidebe chakale.
- Ndi thumba kapena ndodo zina timachotsa nthaka yomwe ili pakati pa mizu.
- Sambani mosamala mizu mu beseni la madzi, koma muyenera kuchita mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa chomeracho ndi chovuta.
- Pofuna kukulitsa mizu, timathetsa theka la piritsi la Heteroauxin mu chidebe chokhala ndi madzi okwanira 2.5, imitsani mizu yachitsulo mu njirayi kwa maola awiri.
- Konzani thanki kuti muikidwe. Pansi pa mphika kutsanulira madzi osanjikiza, mu gawo lake akhoza kupanga dothi, zidutswa za njerwa zosweka kapena thovu losweka.
- Thirani gawo limodzi la nthaka kusakaniza, pang'ono moisten izo kwa shrinkage.
- Timakonza mkatikati mwa duwa, pambali pake timagona nthaka, mwamphamvu kumang'amba ndi chala chanu. Pamwamba pa mizu idatsanulira nthaka ndi makulidwe a zala limodzi ndi theka - ngati izi sizinachitike, maluwawo amatha kufa.
- Muzitha kutsanulira "mivi yachikondi" ndikuzaza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ("Epin-Extra").
Palinso duwa "chisangalalo chachikazi" - spathiphyllum, phunzirani zambiri za mitundu, matenda ndi tizirombo, tisamalire.Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yoyenera ndi yanthaŵi yake yosamalira "mwamuna wachimwemwe", chomeracho chidzakuthokozani ndi maluwa okongola ndi okongola. Ndipo ngati mukukhulupirira zizindikiro - ndiye pamodzi ndi maluwa, chuma, chikondi ndi moyo wabwino zidzabwera kunyumba kwanu!
