Momwe mungakonzekerere ndi pogona kukwera maluwa m'nyengo yozizira

Poyambira m'dzinja, masiku akutha ndipo akuwombera, ndipo panthawiyi chipangizo cha hibernating chinanyamuka tchire chiyenera kukhala pa mndandanda wa zochitika mwamsanga za munda wa wolima. Inde, pali ozizira zosagwira mitundu kuti kulekerera zabwino nyengo yozizira. Koma mitundu yambiri ya maluwa ndi achikazi ndipo amafunika kukhala mosamala m'nyengo yozizira. M'nkhaniyi tiona momwe tingakonzekerere kukwera maluwa kwa nyengo yozizira, ndi mitundu iti ya malo ogona omwe ali oyenerera izi, ndipo ndi zochitika zotani zomwe mlimi ayenera kukonzekera maluwa m'nyengo yozizira.

Chifukwa ndi nthawi kuphimba kukwera maluwa

Zochita za mlimi wa munda wa maluwa pobisa maluwa m'nyengo yozizira zimadalira nyengo ya nyengo ya horticulture ndi mitundu ya maluwa yakula. Mitambo yamakono yokwera ndi yosiyanasiyana imakhala yofunikira kwambiri kuteteza kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira, makamaka ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa pansi -15 ° C ndikukhala pamtunda uwu kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mukudziwa? M'chaka cha 2002, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Night sensation" inabweretsedwa mlengalenga kuti ithandize asayansi kufufuza zotsatira za mphamvu yokoka pamaluwa otentha. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kukonzetsa kukoma kwa katundu wambiri.

Kodi kukonzekera chomera m'nyengo yozizira?

Dulani mazira a feteleza ndi nayitrogeni kuyambira kumapeto kwa August mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati maluwawo azikhala m'nyengo yachisanu, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchotsedwa ku trellis pafupi masabata asanu asanayambe chisanu.

Dziwani zambiri za kukula kwa maluwa; kukwera maluwa kumaphatikizaponso mitundu monga Rosarium Hütersen, Mary Rose, Abraham Derby, New Dawn, Pierre de Ronsard.

Madzulo a ku Russia akhoza kuwononga ngakhale mitundu yosagonjetsedwa kwambiri, yathandizira izi:

• mofulumira kutentha kusintha;
• Kuvulala kwa mizu kumakhala kozizira nthawi ndi kuzizira;
• kuwononga makungwa kuchokera ku mano a mouse;
• kuvulazidwa ndi madzi otentha.

Wogulitsa munda akuyenera kudziwa kuti mavuto onsewa m'munda wamaluwa akhoza kupezeka ngati mutakhala bwino komanso mosamala.

Timatenga masitepe okonzekera tchire chozizira m'nyengo yozizira:

1. Kuteteza kwa chisanu kumayamba ndi kuthetseratu kwa chakudya cha nayitrojeni feteleza mpaka kumapeto kwa August. Nayitrogeni imalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zidzasokoneza chomeracho komanso zidzakhalanso zozizira-zolimba kusiyana ndi zowamba (zobala ndi zowawa). Ngati mlimiyo akuwona kuti mphukira zatsopano zikuyamba kukula kuchokera kumunsi kwa chitsamba mu September, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi secator kuti zisawonongeke mvula yozizizira mtsogolo.
2. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kupirira kozizira kwa maluwa kudzawonjezereka pambuyo ((imodzi) yophukira ndi potaziyamu.
3. Pambuyo pa October 1, osakhalanso kudula maluwa, kuwalola kuti asinthe ndi kukhala zipatso. Kukula kwa chipatso kumathandiza kulimbikitsa tchire.
4. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuthirira. Zithandizanso kuyambitsa ndondomeko ya nkhuni. Pitirizani kuyang'ana nthaka chinyezi, kumapeto kwa autumn kuthirira tchire ngati n'kofunikira, kuti tipewe kuyanika panthaka. Pewani kuthirira maluwa pamene nthaka imaundana.
5. Musamachepetse pogona panthawi yachisanu, kupatula kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zakufa, zowonongeka ndi zodwala. Yembekezani mpaka kumapeto kwa April - nthawi ino ndi yoyenera kudulira maluwa a masika.

Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku Middle Ages mpaka lero ku Italy, mawu akuti "pansi pa rozi" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiko kuti, chinsinsi chonse. Chithunzi cha maluwawo chili pamapepala obisika a Illuminati patsimikizo kuti sangathe kuululidwa.

Zomwe zimadyetsa

Monga tanena kale, feteleza feteleza sagwiranso ntchito pansi pa tchire la duwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. M'malo mwake, mukhoza kudyetsa chomeracho ndi mizu feteleza musanafike m'nyengo yozizira.

Mavitamini a feteleza ndi ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, urea.

• 10 malita a madzi;
• 25 g wa superphosphate;
• 10 g wa sulfate ya potaziyamu;
• 2.5-3.5 g wa borax kapena boric asidi.

Ndalamayi ndi yokwanira kuti manyowa akhale okwana 4 mita mamita. Kupaka pamwamba kumapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September.

Yachiwiri yophukira mizu yovala:

• 10 malita a madzi;
• 16 g wa phosziyamu monophosphate kapena sulfate ya potassium;
• 15 g wa superphosphate.

Njira yowonongeka mwatsopano iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 10-12 kuti isayambe kuyanika. Kawirikawiri chidebe cha chakudya chowonjezera chokwanira chikukwanira kwa 3-4 akulu akulu a duwa. Ikuchitika masabata awiri mutatha kudya koyamba.

Kuchotsa udzu ndi kuchotsa zinyalala

Gawo la ntchito yotsekera maluwa m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuyeretsa munda wa zinyalala, zomwe zingathandize kupewa matenda a rosi m'chaka chotsatira:

1. Ntchito yofunika kwa wolima ndi kuchotsa zitsamba ndi zidutswa za nthambi, maluwa akugwa ndi masamba, komanso zitsamba zina, osati maluwa okha, komanso kuchokera ku zomera zina.
2. Ngati pali maluwa ena m'munda (pachaka ndi wilted) omwe amakula pafupi ndi maluwa, muyenera kuchotsa chirichonse.
3. Zotsalira zonse za mmunda zimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mkaka.
4. Musasiye maluwa osweka kuti agone pansi m'munda. Zikhoza kukhala ndi matenda a tsamba, monga mawanga wakuda ndi bowa. Chomera chakufa ndi malo osungirako chisanu ndi chipinda chodyera tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, komanso tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a duwa. Chotsani zinyansi, kuziwotcha kapena kuzichotsa m'deralo. Mulimonsemo mulibe manyowa omwe amapanga - amangofalitsa matenda komanso tizilombo towononga m'munda.

Mukudziwa? Mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ya pinki padziko lapansi - "Juliet", anabadwira mu 2006. Kuswana izi zosiyanasiyana kunatenga zaka 15 ndikuwononga madola mamiliyoni asanu.

Kukonza ndi Kulima

Pakatikati kapena kumapeto kwa November, masabata angapo nthaka isanayambe, zomera zimayenera kukhala ndi masentimita 10-12 a nthaka yabwino. Chitsulo choterocho chiyenera kufalikira kuzungulira mizu ya maluwa onse.

Nthaka imeneyi iyenera kubweretsedwa kuchokera kumalo ena m'munda, osati kuchotsedwa ku rosary. Kenaka pezani chitsulo chadothi kuzungulira mizu ndi masentimita 12 mpaka 16 a zowonongeka, monga udzu, singano zapaini, kapena matabwa a nkhuni.

Dziwani chomwe chiri ndi momwe mungapangire mulching, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito utuchi.

Mwala wam'mwamba wamtendere ukufunika kulimbikitsidwa m'malo (kuchokera mphepo ndi matalala) ndi nthambi zapruce kapena zapaini zomwe zili pamwamba pake. Mukhozanso kuyimilira pansi pogwiritsa ntchito waya "pini".

Mzere wochuluka wa mulch udzathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dothi ndikuchepetsa mwayi wozizira. Chophimba chowonjezera chaching'ono chimabweretsa kutentha kwa mizu ndi nthambi zochepa za maluwa, kuwathandiza kukana chisanu chozizira cha chisanu.

Ngati mizu ya mbewuyo imakhalabe popanda kuziziritsa, ngakhale ngati kuwonongeka kwa mbali ya mlengalenga ndi chipale chofewa ndi ayezi, maluwa a rosi adzataya nthambi zatsopano m'chaka.

Ife timachita kukongoletsa tchire:

1. Tengani pruner ndi masamba osunthira bwino ndikuchotsani nkhuni zakufa pa tchire. N'zosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wakuda wakuda, ukukwera mpaka phesi lobiriwira likuwonekera. Nthambizi zimadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi pamtunda wa madigiri 45, pafupifupi masentimita atatu pamwamba pa tsamba la masamba, lomwe likuyang'ana kunja kwa shrub.
2. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi kuunika mkati mwachitsamba, chotsani zitsamba zonse zomwe zimayambira ndipo nthambi zikukula mkati mwa chitsamba. Mofananamo, kukula kulikonse kosaoneka ndi kobisika kumachotsedwa.
3. Mphamvu ya mtunduwu imadalira mtundu wa duwa. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa a tiyi amadulidwa kwambiri, ndipo amawuni amawongolera mofatsa.

Mukudziwa? Mbadwo wa wakale kwambiri wasanduka chitsamba mu dziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka chikwi. Zimakula pakhoma la tchalitchi cha Germany mumzinda wa Hildesheim. Kutchulidwa kwa chomera chakale kumapezeka mu annals kuchokera mu 815 AD. Malingana ndi nthano yomwe ilipo, rosebush ndi chizindikiro cha kulemera kwa mzinda wokhawokha, malinga ngati chitsamba chimakula - mzindawo umakhalansopo. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (mu 1945) tchalitchi chinawonongedwa ndi mabomba, koma mbewuyo inapulumuka. Mizu yake idakali moyo pansi pa mabwinja a tchalitchi, ndipo pasanapite nthawi chitsambacho chinasinthidwanso.

Njira zophimba kukwera maluwa

Mmene mungachitire molondola komanso panthawi yake:

1. Nyumba yachisanu ya kukwera maluwa imakhala ndi maonekedwe ake. Mu October, mipesa imachotsedwa ku trellis ndi trellis. Amatsitsidwa pansi, atayikidwa pansi, ndipo amakhomeredwa pansi ndi "pin" yotchingidwa ndi waya wandiweyani. Ngati chitsamba ndi chakale komanso choposa, sizivuta. Choncho, tchire lalikulu liyenera kutsika kuchokera ku trellis pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono akuwombera pansi ndi kutsikira pansi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kumangiriza chidebe chodzaza mchenga pamwamba pa mkwapulo, zomwe zidzasuntha pang'onopang'ono chitsamba ndi kuziyika pansi.
2. Ndibwino kuti tithe kufalitsa malo oyala pamwamba pa chitsamba chogona pansi. (Zojambula padenga, polyethylene kapena chitetezo cha matabwa). Izi zidzateteza dothi lachisanu kuti lisagwirizane ndi mapesi a mapesi.
3. Njira zoteteza kutentha zimapangidwira kuti nyengo yozizira isasokonezedwe ndi chisanu, komanso kuteteza zotsatira zowononga kusintha kwa mazira. Musayambe kuphimba tchire posachedwa.
4. Yembekezani mpaka masamba ambiri pa maluwa asungunuke ndi kugwa, kenako mutenge masamba onse ogwa ndi zowonongeka pamapiri a duwa. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeŵa matenda aakulu a fungus ndipo zidzakhala bwino kupewa matenda opatsirana chaka chamawa. Kutentha zinyalala zakuda, musayikemo mu mulu wa kompositi, pomwe m'nyengo yozizira kutentha sikungakhale kokwanira kuti kupha matenda a spores. Ndondomeko ya kuyeretsa masamba ikuchitika m'magulu angapo, kuyambira pansi pa chitsamba. Masamba angadulidwe ngakhale atakhala ndi chisanu, asanathetse mbewuyo. Kenaka tanizani chitsamba pansi ndikuchikulunga muzinthu zilizonse zomwe simungathe kuzipeza.
5. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa October kapena kumayambiriro kwa November, musanayambe kukonzekera duwa m'nyengo yozizira, chotsani mulch wakale kuchokera kumbali yosanjikiza ya zomera zonse ndi kufalitsa nyemba yatsopano, monga manyowa manyowa kapena peat. Zimathandiza kupewa matenda a mtsogolo, zimayambitsa mizu yozizira, imathandizira kukula kwa zomera m'chaka.
6. Kuphika kapena kuthamanga maluwa kumakhala bwino kwambiri pochotsedwa pa trellis, kuikidwa pansi ndikulola chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa kuti chiwateteze ku chimfine chozizira. Ngati malo ozungulira nyengo sakukulolani kuwerengera chipale chofewa cha chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, mukhoza kudula dothi kapena mulch pa nthambi (masamba aakulu) a zomera zomwe zili pansi. N'zotheka kuti malo apamwamba amatha, popanda kuchotsedwa kwawo kuchoka ku trellis. Amasiyidwa pamtunda wotchedwa trellis; chifukwa chobisala chisanu, chomeracho chikulumikizidwa magawo angapo ndi kupaka ndi poti polyethylene. Ndiponso, monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu ya chitsamba, malo oyandikana ndi malowa amasungunuka ndi oyambira ndi inedible mulch kwa mbewa.
7. Pambuyo pa mulch wachisanu pansi pa chitsamba - muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito yozizira mankhwala a maluwa (mankhwala ndi mankhwala apadera) kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal m'tsogolo.
8. Kuti mutenge chipale chofewa, mukhoza kupanga zishango ndikulimbikitsanso dongosolo lonse lomwe linayikidwa pa njerwa. Nthambi zapruce ndi pine zimapangidwa osati kokha kutentha, komanso kuteteza mawonekedwe a makoswe omwe salola kuti fungo la singano lapaini likhale lopweteka. Pakati pa munda wa rozi, wolima akhoza kufalitsa ziphuphu zakupha kwa makoswe.
9. Pogona pazitali zazikulu ziyenera kumangidwira pang'onopang'ono, mazenera ake ayenera kukhala otseguka kufikira chisanu. Zimasindikizidwa kwathunthu pokhapokha kutentha kwachepa kufika -5 ° -10 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati pali mbewa m'munda, ndiye bwino kuti musalowetse chinyontho cha utuchi kapena udzu, monga momwe mbewa zimagwiritsira ntchito mosangalala m'nyengo yachisanu, zomwe zimawononga mizu ndi thunthu la tchire.

Ndikumanga kwa chimango

Kumanga nyumba zoyendetsera maluwa ndi zofunikira makamaka kumadera kumene kuli kozizira m'nyengo yozizira, koma pali chisanu chochepa. N'zotheka kumanga chimango cha matabwa chomwe chophimba kutentha kwambiri chimayikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuyika nthambi zowonongeka, komanso pamwamba pake - filimu ya pulasitiki yotetezera chinyezi.

Kodi zipangizo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zotentha:

• slate;
• zishango zamatabwa;
• ruberoid;
• polyethylene;
• matabwa ndi mapulasitiki;
• mapulasitiki a pulasitiki;
• makapu makatoni;
• spruce kapena pine nthambi.

Mukudziwa? Maluwa aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse a rose bush - "Lady Banksia", akukula ku Arizona (USA). Maluwa a duwa awonjezeka pamwamba pa gazebo yomwe ili ndi mapazi oposa zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu.

Popanda mawonekedwe

Maluwa akuda amafunika chidwi kwambiri. Odziŵa bwino alimi akulima amalangiza kuti atsimikizire kuchotsa pamitengo, kuyala pansi ndi kuwaphimba ndi zipangizo zosungirako kutentha, koma izi sizili bwino kwambiri m'minda yambiri ya nyumba.

M'malo mwake, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa nsonga za nthambi zazitali za nsalu yovekedwa ndikuzikulunga mu burlap (zingapo zingapo), pogwiritsira ntchito mapuloteni kuti atetezedwe. Onetsetsani kuti mudzaze nthaka m'munsi mwa chomera ndipo ichi chitetezeka mizu ndi mulch.

Ngati mlimiyo sangathe kulemba maluwa nthawi zonse (chifukwa chokhala kwina kulikonse), ndiye kuti tchire lamtali kuchokera mu Oktoba timayika pansi, ndipo mzere wa mizu umaperekedwa ndi mchere. Nkhokwe zitatu zokwanira kuti muteteze chitsamba ku chisanu. Ndi bwino kukonzekera dothi kuti liwotchere chitsamba pang'onopang'ono ndikusungira pansalu kuti likhale lopanda madzi kuti likhale lopanda madzi.

Nthaka imakhala yabwino kwambiri pobisala mizu, chifukwa, mchenga sungatenge kutentha ndipo mizu idzaundana, ndipo malo okhalapo ndi utuchi ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka kwa matenda a fungal ndi nkhungu.

Ngati chipale chofewa chagwa ndipo kutentha kwa kunja kuli kochepa kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chodandaula, chifukwa chisanu chotsamira mosamala chimatetezera zomera kuchokera kuzizira.

Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani grille kapena mawonekedwe ena othandizira, kuyimilira mbali, kuti ukhale wotsimikiza kuti ukhale wamphamvu. Ngati chipale chofewa kapena mphepo ikuwombera chimphepo m'nyengo yozizira, zimatha kuphuka ponseponse n'kuziwononga.

Nthawi komanso kuchotsa pogona

Poyamba masika, wolima minda sayenera kuthamangira kuchotsa chisanu chachisanu kuchokera ku duwa la duwa:

• ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kwawuka, dzuŵa likuwala mlengalenga, koma nthaka isanayambe kutentha, ndiye kuti masamba omwe ali oyambirira kukula sakupeza chinyezi chofunikira. Kuwonjezera pa zonse, chitsamba chataya malo a dzuŵa kwa miyezi yambiri, ndipo masamba ang'ono omwe ayamba kukula akhoza kuvutika ndi "chilala cha thupi";
• Komabe, sikuthekanso kutseketsa ndi kuchotsa malo osungirako nyengo yozizira. Kutentha kumene kutangotha ​​nthawi zonse, ndipo nyengo ya masika idzadzikhazikitsidwa pa ufulu wake, mitsinje yayikuluyi imadzazidwa ndi kugwa kwa nthaka ndi mulch scrape kumbali, kuti mizu ikhale yodzaza ndi mpweya. Komanso pa nthawiyi, mbali yakumtunda ya pogona ya maluwa imatsegulidwa;
• Chotsani mulch ndi kudyetsa tchire ndi feteleza wabwino kwa banja la pinki. Maluwa awa ndi ofunika kwambiri nthawi zonse feteleza, kotero kumapeto kwa kuvala ndikofunikira;
• pa "tsamba la February" (thaw) maluwa akhoza kusamba. Vuto lomwelo limayambitsa tchire molawirira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, chifukwa nthawi zonse nthawi zambiri zimatha kusintha kutentha kuchokera ku chisanu kuti chimve. Kuonjezerapo, mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa m'nyengo yozizira idzawonjezeka ngati nkhuni zawo zikuwuma mlengalenga (opanda pogona) isanayambe chisanu.

Kuika maluwa m'nyengo yozizira kumawoneka kovuta, koma ngati rosari si yaikulu kwambiri, sikudzatenga nthawi yaitali.

Mwamwayi, maluwa amangooneka akuduka komanso osakhwima - zonunkhira ndi maluwa okongola amabisa chitsamba cholimba komanso cholimba. Mitundu yambiri ya maluwa, yomwe ili ndi manja osamala a mundawo, idzapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuchepa kochepa.