Wina amakonda kukonda mochedwa mphesa, ndi zina monga zoyambirira, zimangokwanira Bulgaria.
Ndizo imodzi ya mphesa ndi zonunkhira zokoma komanso zosakanizika za muscat.
Malingana ndi makhalidwe, akhoza kutaya pang'ono kwa ena, mwachitsanzo, kukana kwake sikuli kokwezeka, koma ali wabwino kwambiri pa munda wamaluwa, ndipo kuyenda kwake kumakhala kosavuta.
Mmenemo, Bulgaria sizomwe zimakhala zochepa mpaka mtsogolo komanso mitundu yowonjezera chisanu.
Fotokozani mitundu Bulgaria
Mphesa yapakati kapena yayikulu yomwe imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu, amatha kuwonjezereka ndi maburashi ndipo amafunika kupanga kudulira. Valery Voevoda, Kapezi ndi Lia ali ndi mphamvu ya tchire.
Zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, zazikulu kuposa ndalama zisanu. Kulemera kwao ndi pafupifupi 5-6 magalamu, ndi oyera pamene atsekedwa, ali ndi golide wonyezimira akuwonekera kumbali yomwe ikuyang'anizana ndi dzuwa, kuphulika kofiira kumatheka.
Maonekedwewo ndi ozungulira kapena ovalo. Khungu ndi lalikulu komanso lopweteka, pafupifupi osamvekanso likadya. Muscatel wokondweretsa kwambiri komanso wosakhwima adzakondweretsa akatswiri. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wambiri komanso wamadzi wambiri.
Kula kumayesedwa kwambiri. Zakudya zokhudzana ndipamwamba, 17-18%. Brush ndi cylindrical, ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono ndi yaikulu kukula kuchokera 400 mpaka 1500 magalamu. Zimadalira nyengo ndi chisamaliro. Nthawi yakucha ndi yaifupi - masiku 110-125, ndiko kuti, idzabala kale pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Kukoma kwabwino kumasonyezanso ndi Ruta, Velika ndi Princess Olga.
Kusankha mphesa
Dzina la zosiyana limasonyeza dziko lawo lochokera.: Bulgaria ikuchokera ku Bulgaria. Pazinthu zosiyanasiyanazi, obereketsa adagwirizanitsa makhalidwe abwino a "atate" ake awiri - Yantar ndi Italy.
Zizindikiro
Mitengo ya mphesa ku Bulgaria ili ndi gawo loperewera-chokwanira - 0.8. Maluwawo ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kotero kuti burashi ndi yochuluka, popanda voids. Mogwirizana ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, izi zimapangitsa kuti maburashiwo ayang'ane kwambiri.
Moldova, Ladanny ndi Buffalo amasonyeza cello ya maluwa.
Ngakhale kuti dziko la Bulgaria linakhazikitsidwa pamalo ozizira otentha, kumene kulibe chisanu ndi kuzizira kumabwera mochedwa, pa gawo lalikulu la dziko la Russia mpesa wa mitundu iyi susowa pogona.
Amatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -22, -25 madigiri. Chimodzi mwa makhalidwe abwino a Bulgaria ndi chakuti kukula kwa mphukira kumawalola kuti azipita ku nyengo yozizira yokonzekera bedi, ndipo ichi ndicho chofunikira kwambiri kuti apulumuke pa nyengo yozizira.
Chokondweretsa, Viva Hayk ndi Rosalind mitundu ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana.
Koma kupatula ubwino, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zovuta.
Mzu, womwe suli wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, ukhoza kutsogolera mipesa kuti chilala kapena chilala.
Izi zothetsedweratu ndi kusonkhanitsa; zidutswa za Chibulgaria zimamera bwino pa Shasla ndi Berlandieri mizu 41 B. Chinthu chinanso chovuta kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa matenda a fungal.
Chithunzi
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri, mndandanda wa tizirombo ku Bulgaria umagwirizana ndi mndandanda wa mphesa zabwino za mphesa zonse za adani.
Choopsa kwambiri mwa iwo chingatchedwe:
- tly filloxera,
- mphesa yamphesa,
- mphesa zamphesa njenjete,
- cicada
- nthata zosiyanasiyana,
- zovuta,
- nyongolotsi.
Pofuna kuwachotsa, m'pofunikira kuchiza zomera zodwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zamakono zowonongeka zimapha mitundu yonse yamagulu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kwa ziweto, koma, ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti Bulgaria ikukula mofulumira, ndipo ndibwino kusamalira mpesa ndi mankhwala mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe.
Ngati madzi akuyamwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda adakalipo pazitsamba za zipatso, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochizira: kulowetsedwa kwa tsamba la fodya, phulusa la nkhuni, mankhwala a ayodini. Osapindula kwambiri, iwo alibe vuto lililonse ndipo samapindula mu chipatsocho.
Tizilombo tingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mphesa, koma mliri weniweni wa Bulgaria ndi mildew, kapena wolakwika powdery mildew. Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya ku Ulaya, ilibe chitetezo kwa iye.
Kutha kwina kwa matendawa, omwe ali ndi mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri zokha, kungabweretse mavuto ochuluka kwa wolima, ngakhalenso kumulepheretsa kukolola kwake.
Mafangayi oonongeka ndi owopsa si oyenera chakudya kapena processing mu juzi, kupanikizana kapena vinyo, ndipo pakakhala kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, mpesa umataya mphamvu zambiri ndikufa.
Kupewa matendawa ndi kophweka kusiyana ndi kupulumutsa mbewu zomwe zili kale ndi powdery mildew.
Izi zimafuna chithandizo chamatenda ndi fungicides nthawi yonse yokula, kuyeretsa kapena kulima masamba osagwa a mphesa, ndi kukonza mphesa yoyenera - m'madera otumidwa, pamene zomera zimagawanika ndi mizere yambiri, bowa ndi zovuta kufalitsa.
Ndikofunika kuti tipewe matenda otere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuvunda, kansa ya bakiteriya.
Osakumbukira zofooka zomwe zimapezeka m'mitundu yamitengo yosiyana siyana, komabe ndibwino kukumbukira kuti palibe chabwino, ndipo zina zofooka siziri chifukwa chokhalira zosiyana siyana ndikuchotsa pamndandanda womwe munakonza kubzala kwanu.
Ndi chitetezo choyenera ku bowa wamphesa, Bulgaria amapereka mowolowa manja ntchito ya mlimiyo ndi zazikulu zokoma zipatso kucha kale kuposa zipatso za mitundu yambiri, ndi zodabwitsa zokongola.
