Munda wapadziko lapansi ndi bowa, omwe ambiri okonda zosangalatsa zakunja amadutsa. Kawirikawiri mitunduyo sichidziŵika, chifukwa kapu yake ya imvi imatseka kwambiri bowa m'maso. Koma ngakhale izi, zimapezedwa paliponse, zodziwika ndi kukoma kosavuta ndi fungo lokoma. Ndichifukwa chake, lero tinasankha kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane onse okonda kusaka mwakachetechete ndi anthu omwe akukhala nawo m'nkhalango zathu zamtunduwu, komanso kuti adziwe zomwe zimapanga.
Dzina lina
Mndandanda wa mndandanda uli wamba Eastern Europe. Choncho, nthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwake, bowa adalandira maina angapo nthawi imodzi, yomwe ndi yachigawo komanso yowonjezera. Kawirikawiri, mitunduyo imatchedwa dzina lovomerezeka - mzerewu ndi earthy, koma kwa akatswiri amtundu uwu amadziwika pansi pa dzina lachilatini losavuta kwambiri. tricholoma terreum. 
Pakati pa anthu osakaniza a bowa, bowa amadziwika kuti ndi mzere wa mzere wofiira kapena wozungulira pansi. Koma chilengedwe chonse chinali anthu akumidzi akumwera ndi Black Black dera. Chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofiira, bowa awa amatchulidwa "kachidutswa kakang'ono". Dzina ili likupezeka kwambiri mpaka lero.
Mukudziwa? Mu 2011, ku China, pachilumba cha Hanan, bowa lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Wasayansi wa ku China Academy of Sciences, Yu Cheng Daemu, kuthengo, adapeza chitsanzo cholemera makilogalamu 500. Monga wofufuzirayo akukhulupirira, zimatenga bowa zaka pafupifupi 20 kuti zifike polemera kwambiri.
Kuwoneka
Mzere wofiira wa dziko lapansi umatanthauza 4 maphunziro odyera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro ali otetezeka kwa anthu mu mtundu uliwonse wa chithandizo cha kutentha. Chosiyana ndi ntchito ya bowa mu mawonekedwe ake osaphika (osaphika). Pankhaniyi, bowa amatha kuyambitsa kutsekula m'mimba komanso matenda ena. Bowawa ali ndi mapuloteni ochepa komanso osauka kwambiri. Choncho, ambiri odyetsa zakudya amalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsire ntchito kokha ngati mankhwala ena.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito mbale kuchokera ku ryadovki zomwe sizothandiza. Zomwe zimapangidwa zili ndi zinthu zofanana ndi poizoni woopsa wa svushki. Mukamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, angayambitse kusokonezeka kwa thupi komanso chiwindi.
Zimayang'ana bwanji
Bowawa ali ndi mawonekedwe owonekera komanso odabwitsa, kotero kuti ambiri omwe amawagwiritsira ntchito bowa si ovuta kusiyanitsa mbewa ndi mitundu ina. 
Kuti mukhale otsimikiza kuti idzagwera m'dengu (ndiyeno patebulo), m'pofunika kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi bowa. Pokhapokha padzakhala zotheka kudziteteza nokha ndi okondedwa anu kuchokera kumisonkhano yothekera ndi mitundu yoopsa.
Zakudya ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowoneka ngati imvi, zobiriwira, zofiirira, poplar, zachikasu. Mzere woyera ndi mtundu wosadziwika umene umayambitsa GI.
Hat
Pa moyo wa bowa, kapu yake ingasinthe kwambiri. Mbali imeneyi ndi chikhalidwe chake chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana. Mnyamata ryadovok, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kapena okhwima. 
Ndili ndi zaka, mawonekedwe a kapu amasintha kukhala ophatikizika kapena ogwedezeka, ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kali mkati. Nthawi zina (malingana ndi malo okhalamo), mphuno pamutuyo imakhala yozungulira kapena yochepa. Kulemera kwake kwa kapu kumafika pa 3 mpaka 9 cm.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba ndizo zamoyo zokhazokha padziko lapansi zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wathanzi, momwe, monga zinyama, urea amapangidwa pochita ntchito yofunikira.
Pazigawo zoyambirira za chitukuko, khungu la bowa ndi silky-fibrous, ndipo kenako pang'onopang'ono imakhala yabwino. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi bulange (velum). Zimatetezera pansi pa kapu ndi kapangidwe ka hymenial ali wamng'ono. Nthawi zina, velum yomwe imakhala ikukula imakhalabebe, koma pakadali pano imasintha kukhala chovala choyera chomwe chili pamphepete mwa kapu. Mtundu wa kapu ndi ubwino wa mtundu wofiira kapena wofiirira. Nthawi zina pali maonekedwe a mtundu wobiriwira-bulauni, koma mthunziwo ndi wosiyana, womwe si wamba. 
Hymenophor (mbiri)
Mitundu yayitali ndi ya mitundu ya mbewu. Mabala a bowa awa safukula. Ali aang'ono, iwo amakhala otsetsereka, koma pakapita nthawi, malipiro awo amakhala ndi chidziwitso. Mtundu wa mbalewo umadalira zaka. Mu bowa aang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, koma ali ndi zaka zambiri amatha kukhala ndi tsitsi lofiirira kapena lofiira. Chiwerengero cha zolemba sizili zazikulu, choncho nthawi zambiri zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pansi pa kapu. 
Mwendo
Mphuno wa mbewa ndi yozungulira kapena yoboola, yomwe ili ndi kufalikira kwina. Kutalika kwake kuli pa 3-9 masentimita, m'lifupi - kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 2 masentimita. Mtundu wa miyendo umakhala woyera kwambiri ndi chigoba cha grayish. Ndili ndi msinkhu, mtundu wa mwendo ungasinthe, muzitsanzo zapamwamba kumtunda zingakhale zoyera, ndi kupeza matani achikasu m'munsi. 
Mukudziwa? Zambiri za fungus, kuphatikizapo nthakay, zimadziwika ndi mycorrhiza, mgwirizanitsi wothandizana ndi zitsamba zapamwamba. Mzu wa bowa (mycelium) mwamphamvu umalumikiza mizu ya mtengo, kutenga kumasulidwa kwawo. Komanso bowa limatulutsidwa m'nthaka zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zamadzimadzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe amathandiza kuti mtengowo uchotse zakudya zofunikira m'nthaka.
Pulp
Masamba ndi owopsa, madzi okwanira. Ili ndi fungo lamaluwa lowala komanso kukoma kokoma. Mtundu wa zamkatiwu ndi woyera, koma nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zingwe zochepa.
Kumene angakulire komanso nthawi yosonkhanitsa
The ryadovy amakhala padzikoy mu nyengo yozizira ndi subtropical kulikonse. Motero, bowa amakula kwambiri kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, Caucasus, Siberia ndi Black Sea. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka nkhalango zotchedwa coniferous kapena pinini pa nthaka yamchere kapena mchenga. Nthawi zina mizera imakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, koma pakadali pano, conifers ayenera kukhala mitundu yambiri ya zomera. Kukula komanso kuberekana kwa nkhuku mumlengalenga kumachitika pakatikati pa mwezi wa August ndipo kumatha mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba. M'madera otentha, bowa amatha kubereka zipatso mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa February. 
Chimene chingasokonezedwe
Mzere wamtunda uli ndi mapasa ochepa chabe, koma pakati pawo pali oopsa kwa mitundu ya anthu yomwe ili ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana oopsa kwambiri. Choncho, musanayambe kumwa bowa, m'pofunika kuti muphunzire ma morphological mapasa onse. Sikuti kokha kupambana kwa chakudya cham'mbuyo kungadalire, komanso chitetezo cha inu ndi okondedwa anu.
Phunzirani zambiri za bowa zodyedwa ndi zoopsa: mndandanda wa mitundu ya zakudya zomwe zimadya; bowa wodyedwa ndi owopsa wobiriwira pamtengo; bowa woopsa.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosokonezeka ndi mitundu iyi:
- tiger rowing ndi woopsa membala wa ryadovkovye banja. Amadziwika ndi malaya ofiirira kapena a siliva. Msolo uli ndi mtundu wa imvi kapena imvi, ndi malaya ooneka bwino. Chipewachi chimakhala cholemera pafupifupi masentimita 12, ndipo kukula kwake ndi masentimita 1-3, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 4-8. Mbale imakula pamodzi ndi tsinde, loyera ndi mtundu wa azitona kapena wofiirira. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wa edible ryadovki ndi kapu yaikulu kwambiri komanso mtundu wa mbale;
- Kujambula - munthu woopsa wa banja la Rowers. Maonekedwewo amadziwika ndi phulusa lopukuta la kapu lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yaing'ono, komanso kuwala kofiira ndi zosiyana zowonjezera nthawi. Kulemera kwa kapu ya bowa sikupitirira 8 masentimita, pamene kukula kwa mwendo kumasiyana ndi 1.5 mpaka 2 cm, ndipo kutalika sikuli kuposa 6-8 masentimita. Ma mbale a mthunzi wowala, ndi ofunika kwambiri, amakhala omasuka. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wa edible ryadovki ndi makhalidwe mikwingwirima pa kapu ndi tsinde;
- Grebe wotumbululuka ndi munthu wakupha m'banja la Amanita. Amadziwika ndi imvi, azitona, kapena kapu. Msola ukhoza kukhala wojambulidwa mu maolivi otumbululuka, imvi kapena tinthu tating'ono, koma nthawi zina zingakhale zoyera. Mzere wa kapu umasiyana pakati pa 5-15 masentimita, kutalika kwa mwendo ndi 8-16 masentimita, makulidwe sali oposa 2 cm. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mwinjiro woyera woyera. Ma mbalewo ndi ofewa, otayika, ambiri, makamaka oyera kapena ofewa. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wa edible ryadovki ndi kuphatikiza kosagwirizana ndi mtundu wa kapu ndi mwendo, kukula kwakukulu kwa kapu, komanso seketi "pa tsinde la zipatso.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pophika
Kulima nthaka yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, komanso mitundu yambiri ya bowa. Ngakhale kuti ndizofunika kwambiri, zakudya zonse za bowa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kokometsetsa ndi bowa. Mtundu uwu ndi wabwino kwa maphikidwe alionse ndipo pakuphika sikungataye kuwerengeka kwake.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziŵe luso la kuphika bowa: salting, pickling, kuyanika, kuzizira.
Choncho, kupalasa pansi kumawoneka ngati chinthu chimodzi cha mitundu yophika, yokazinga, stews ndi supu. 
Kuonjezera apo, chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe mungathe kusungirako kwa nthawi yayitali mutatha kukonza, kotero ndibwino kuti salting ndi kusungidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kupalasa kuyenera kuyamwa m'madzi opanda mchere kwa mphindi khumi, mwinamwake bowa zingayambitse matenda a m'mimba.
Munda wapadziko lapansi ndi umodzi wa bowa wambiri m'madera ozizira komanso ozizira. Ngakhale kuti sizimene timakonda pa tebulo lathu, bowa ikhoza kugonjetsa mosavuta. Zakudya zochokera mmenemo zimakhala ndi kukoma kokongola ndi kolemera, komanso fungo losakumbukika. Koma musanayambe kulemba mndandanda wanu muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe mukuwerengazo komanso kufufuza mosamala maonekedwewo.
