Lisianthus kapena eustome amapezeka m'minda zambiri kawirikawiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakula pazenera.
Maluwa amenewa amatchedwanso "Irish Rose", chifukwa amafanana ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Lisianthus ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, ndipo kubzala kwake ndi kusamalira sikungakupangitseni mavuto ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lakuti "Lisianthus" limachokera ku Chigiriki "lysis" ndi "anthos", ndiko kuti, "maluwa", otembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini "Lisianthus" amatanthawuza "maluwa owawa", omwe ndi olondola. Inde, mofanana ndi ma gentian ambiri, zakutchire zakutchire zili ndi ukali waukulu: genziopikrin, genzizin, genziamarin, gentianin, flavonoids, ndi zina zotero.
Lisianthus
Mtundu wa Eustoma wochokera m'banja la gentian umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu ya maluwa. Lisianthus ali ndi dzina losiyana, lomwe ndi eustoma grandiflora ndi Roussel's eustoma.
Eustoma akhoza kukhala wamtali ndi kakang'ono. Kutalika kufika mpaka mamita 1 m'litali, ndi kakang'ono - kokha mpaka masentimita 30. Pa peduncle woonda kwambiri pali maluwa angapo omwe amawulukira, napanga gulu lonse. Maluwawo ndi obiriwira, ochepa kwambiri komanso owirikiza, koma zimadalira zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya Terry imawoneka ngati maluwa kapena mabala. Mitundu ina ili ndi maluwa osavuta omwe amawoneka ngati tulips, poppies kapena bluebells. Mitundu ina ili ndi mawonekedwe a petal.
Maluwa a Eustoma akhoza kukhala a mtundu wosiyana, kuyambira woyera mpaka wofiira. Palinso Lisianthus ya mitundu iwiri.
Ku Ulaya, maluwa amenewa anachokera ku North America. Mpainiya wa chomera chokongola ichi akuwoneka kuti ndi Richard Anthony Salisbury. Pakalipano, chomeracho chimatchuka ku America, New Zealand, Australia ndi Mexico.
Kukula Lisianthus kuchokera ku mbewu kudzera mu mbande
Lisianthus akhoza kukula pakhomo, ndipo njirayi ndi yophweka ngati mukuchita zonse mwachindunji ndi momveka bwino. M'magulu otsatirawa, mudzaphunzira momwe mungamere eustoma kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba ndi malamulo omwe muyenera kutsatira.
Pamene kubzala pa mbande
Mbande zikhoza kufesedwa nthawi zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukukula eustoma kuti mubwerere mmunda mwanu, ndiye kuti kubzala kwa mbande kukhale mu February kapena March. Pambuyo pake mudzatha kuyang'ana maluwa ake mu July-August. Ngati mukufuna kukongoletsa nyumba yanu ndi lisianthus m'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kudzala chomera kuyambira July mpaka September.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ya Irish, Japan, French, mapiri - onsewa ndi mayina a lisianthus m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Dothi la kukula mbande
Popeza mbewu za Lisianthus ndizochepa, ndi bwino kugula zokolola monga mawonekedwe a granules. Izi zidzathandiza kuchepetsa kubzala ndi kupereka chakudya choyamba cha eustoma, chifukwa chimapangidwa ndi feteleza ndi zakudya.
Dziko lapansi likusakaniza liyenera kukhala ndi kuwonjezera pa peat ndi mchenga, ndi otsika nayitrogeni wokhutira, pH ndi 6.0. Kusakaniza koteroko kungagulidwe pa shopu la maluwa kapena kupangidwa mwaulere.
Momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu
Chidebe chaching'ono chiyenera kudzazidwa ndi gawo lokonzekera, lokonzekera, ndikubalalitsa mbewuzo. Pambuyo pake, chidebecho chiyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyika malo ofunda ndi ofunika. Mbewu imayenera kupopedwa ngati pakufunika. Patatha milungu itatu mukhoza kuona mphukira yoyamba.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a peat kuti afesedwe. Ayenera kukhala a sing'anga kukula kwake ndi mamita awiri akhale 4 masentimita.
Chotsitsa chaching'ono chomwe mumayika mapiritsi a peat, muyenera kusamba mu potsekemera potassium permanganate. Kenaka, mapiritsi a peat atayikidwa mu chidebe, muyenera kutsanulira madzi pang'ono pamenepo. Madzi amawonjezeredwa mpaka mapiritsi atsepa. Madzi owonjezera ayenera kuyamwa.
Kenaka mu mapiritsi muyenera kupanga zala zazing'ono. Malingana ndi iwo, ndipo amafunika kuwononga mbeu - imodzi pa mapiritsi. Pangani kansalu kakang'ono kowonongeka kosavuta. DPofuna kuthandiza mbeu kumera kupyolera mu chipolopolocho, muyenera kuchidula ndi mankhwala opangira mano. Pambuyo pake, chidebe chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro kapena filimu.
Momwe mungapangire zinthu kuti mbeu ikumera
Ikani chidebe cha mbeu pansi pa nyali ya fulorosenti. Tsiku lililonse liyenera kutsegulidwa kwa maola 12. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kuposa +25 ° C, ndipo usiku - wosachepera + 20 ° C. Mu masabata awiri mudzawona mphukira zoyamba.
Kusamalira mbande za Lisianthus
Mbande zikhoza kuthiriridwa ndi mtsinje waukulu wa madzi m'mphepete mwa thanki kamodzi pa tsiku. Mbande safuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, monga momwe ziliri ndi pulasitiki yomwe imasunga chinyezi.
Koma zomera zimafunika kutenthetsa mpweya nthawi zambiri kuti zisawonongeke m'chitengera ndi filimuyo. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata ndi zina zambiri. Komanso kukuwombera kumatha kuyipitsa zomera. Ndi bwino kuchita izi masana ndikuchotsa filimuyi mwachidule, nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera nthawi.
Ngati mwasankha kukula eustoma kuti azikongoletsera kunyumba, muyenera kuika miphika pamalo otetezeka, ndi kuwasiya iwo mpaka atakula mpaka masentimita 10. Mbande ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse.
Pambuyo pake, duwa liyenera kuikidwa mu mphika wokwana masentimita 15 ndikuyiyika pawindo lotentha-sill ndi dzuwa lopanda kanthu.
Ngati mwasankha kukula lisianthus, ndiye kuti mubweretse pansi, muyenera kuyembekezera miyezi itatu mutabzala. Pamene mbande ili ndi mphamvu ndipo idzafika masentimita 15 mu msinkhu, mukhoza kubzala zomera mu bedi la maluwa.
Kutaya mbande sikumasowa, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa matenda a masamba aang'ono. Panthawi ya kukula, lisianthus iyenera kumera ndi feteleza zamadzimadzi (15 ml pa 10 l madzi).
Mbande zokometsera
Pambuyo pa masabata 8 mutabzala mbewu muyenera kusamba. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, monga mizu ya Lisianthus ndi yovuta kwambiri. 
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kuika sikungathe kuphwanya chipinda chadothi.
Mphukira ziyenera kuikidwa m'makina apadera kwa mbande. Afunika pritenit, koma kutentha sayenera kukhala pansi pa 18 ° C.
Zomera zowonongeka zimaikidwa mu miphika ndi maperesenti a masentimita 15, pamene mizu ya chomera imakula, ndipo amafunika malo ambiri.
Kubzala mbande za lisianthus pamalo otseguka
Mukadutsa eustoma, zimatenga nthawi pang'ono kuti zikule. Kenaka mungayambe mwasungunuka kubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka.
Nthawi yobzala mbande pansi
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka ndi kofunikira pamene kuopsezedwa kwa chisanu ndi kuwala. Lisianthus kawirikawiri imakula kumadera otentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chisanu chilichonse chimatha kupha. Ndi bwino kuchita izi kumapeto kwa April kapena pakati pa May. Kumvetsetsa pamene mungathe kukulitsa mbande pamalo otseguka ndi osavuta.
Ngati ili ndi masamba 8, ndiye kuti chomera chimakonzedwa bwino chodzala. Kuchita bwinoko usiku wopanda mphepo.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Eustoma ndi wachikondi kwambiri, koma ndi bwino kudzala mbande m'malo omwe kuwala kochepa kudzagwera. Dothi lolima liyenera kukhala lolemera mu zakudya. Muyeneranso kuganizira zochitika za nyengo ya Lisianthus, yomwe imakhala yotentha kwambiri komanso yotentha, kutentha pang'ono.
Mmene mungabzalidwe mbande pa sitetiyi
Musanabzala lisianthuses m'munda mwanu, muyenera kukumba mabowo ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa mphika umene mudakhala nawo. Zitsime zimenezi ziyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka.
Pambuyo pake, timayamba kulowerera kunthaka, chifukwa ndi momwe tidzakhalire eustoma. Maluwa amodzi ayenera kuthiridwa ndi theka la botolo la pulasitiki. Izi zidzateteza chomera ku chisanu ndikusunga chinyezi. Pa nthawiyi ndibwino kuti musamamwe madzi.
Pafupifupi masabata atatu atatha chisanu, pulasitiki ikhoza kuchotsedwa.
Mtunda woyenda uyenera kukhala pakati pa 30 cm.
Zosamalira za maluwa olemera
Eustoma ndi zokongola m'munda wanu, makamaka ngati zakula kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusamalira bwino mbewu.
Pogona achinyamata zomera ku chisanu
Popeza eustoma nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chomera chosatha, chiyenera kusungidwa mpaka chaka chamawa. Pambuyo pa kusindikizidwa, kusintha kwa mbewu kumalo atsopano kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Ngati kutentha kumachepa kwambiri, eustoma imayamba kufooka ndi kufooketsa.
Chitani bwinoko kumapeto kwa August kapena kumayambiriro kwa September. Zisanayambe, ikani miphika pamsewu wotsekedwa, ndipo pokhapokha mu chipinda. Zimapereka chomera kuti chizolowezi chosowa kuwala.
Mutatha kudula chitsamba chomera, eustoma idzakhala yozizira m'nyumba mwanu mumphika. Simungadandaule, mutatha kudula chomeracho, muyambe kuyambitsa mphukira zatsopano, ndipo zingatheke kuti mubzalidwe pa bedi lamaluwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
Chinthu chachikulu, musanawagwiritsenso mumphika, muyenera kufufuza mosamala mizu ya matenda otheka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombola nthaka ndi mphika. 
Muyeneranso kuchepetsa kuthirira mpaka chomera chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku malo atsopano ndi zikhalidwe. Funso likubwera ngati Lisianthus iyenera kuikidwa, ndipo yankho lathu silofunika. Chomera popanda kuchitapo kanthu chidzakula bwino ndipo chidzakhala bwino ndikuyamba kukula.
Ndi bwino kudzala lisianthus ngati mwana wa zaka chimodzi, chifukwa patatha zaka zingapo mbewuyo idzaphuka bwino kapena yopanda kanthu. Nthawi zina zomera zimamwalira, ngakhale kumusamalira bwino.
Mukudziwa? Chomera chimodzi cha eustoma chimapanga maluwa enieni omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mphatso pa chikondwerero chilichonse.
Kupewa ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Tikukupatsani mndandanda wa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga zomwe zingakhudze maluwa anu, komanso njira zomwe mungathe kuzimbana nazo:
- Grey kuvunda. Ndi matendawa, mawanga pamasamba akuwonekera ndipo zimayambira zimakhudza. Matenda amaoneka ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mukhoza kuchiza chomera mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
- Mizu yovunda. Mukhoza kuzindikira matendawa pa mizu panthawi yopatsira. Mizu pa nsonga imdima, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepetsanso. Matendawa amapezeka ndi kutentha kwambiri. Popeza mankhwalawa amatenga nthawi yochuluka ndi khama, ndibwino kuti muteteze. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga chomera chopatsa thanzi, kuchepetsa dothi ndikupewa chinyezi chokwanira.
- Fusarium Pamayendedwe amaoneka ngati mabala ovunda omwe amawawononga iwo ndi zomera zimatha. Kuopsa kwa kuvulaza kumachepetsanso kuchepa kwabwino komanso kupuma bwino. Kutentha kungathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma, mwatsoka, sikutheka kupulumutsa mbewu yomwe yagwera kale. Ndi bwino kungowonongeka ndi kuwononga mphika kapena dera.
- Downy mildew. Mutha kuziwona pa masamba oonongeka ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wawo. Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchiza matendawa, choncho ndi bwino kuteteza chomera nthawi yomweyo. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti feteleza ndi kuthirira, komanso pochiza mbewuyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira za downy mildew kapena Bordeaux osakaniza.
- Sclerotia Mliriwu, maluwawo ali ndi chigoba choyera, mkati mwake chimene black sclerotia chimakula. Ndi bwino kuwononga chomera nthawi yomweyo, kuti asawononge enawo.
- Vuto la Mose. N'zosavuta kuona, ngati zithunzi zochepa zimapezeka pamasamba, kukula kwa mbeu kumachepetsa ndipo mfundo za zomera zimatayika. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi bwino kuwononga maluwa odwala ndikukonza mphika ndi zipangizo.
- Nematodes. Izi zimayambitsa mizu, ndipo izi zingayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Tizilombo tifunika kuwonongeka ndipo nthaka ikuchitiridwa.
- Aphid Izi zimatulutsa mphukira kapena zimapatsa mphutsi m'mamasamba. Chotsani izo zingakhale mankhwala a nsabwe za m'masamba.
- Mbozi Amadya masamba. Izi zimachepetsa kukula kwa korona ndi zomera zonse. Kuti muwachotse iwo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Kupuma. Mukhoza kuwawona pa mawanga oyera pa masamba. Amawononga masamba ndikudya masamba. Pofuna kupewa, ndi bwino kuchiza chomeracho ndizipangizo zapangicides musanadzalemo.
Momwe mungaphunzitsire madzi okwanira
Mafinya sivuta kukula pa dacha, koma muyenera kumwa madzi bwino, chifukwa chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kusamalira eustoma ndiko kuthirira bwino. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse, koma nthaka sayenera kukhala yonyowa. Kuti mumvetse kuti chomera chanu chikufunikira kuthirira, muyenera kungogwira pansi. Ngati yowuma, imwani madzi. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi ozizira.
Pakati pa kukula, yogula ayenera kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kukhala osamala. Kuthirira kumachitika pazu, chinthu chachikulu - musagwere pa masamba. Izi zingachititse matenda oopsa. Kupopera mbewu bwino kumapewa bwino chifukwa chomwecho.
Pakati pa maluwa a Lisianthus amafunika kuthirira, choncho ayenera kuwonjezeka ndi kuchita nthawi zambiri.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lina la eustoma ndi bulu la prairie: limakula m'chilengedwe ku Mexico, ku United States ku Texas, Colorado, Nebraska ndi kumpoto kwa South America.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse
Ndikoyenera kudyetsa chomera, ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa ambiri.
Eustome idzayandikira chakudya chambiri, makamaka kwa nthawi yoyamba - sabata itatha kuyendetsedwa pansi. Maluwa abwino kwambiri amadziwa kuti umuna umakhala wosasuntha. 
Chitani bwino pa nthawi yogwira ntchito. Pamene mbewu ikukula, muyenera kudyetsa chomeracho ndi zovuta mchere feteleza sabata iliyonse, koma ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi ndondomeko yochepa kuposa momwe mukufunira.
Pakufalikira kwa Lisianthus, feteleza feteleza ayenera kuthiridwa ndi potashi ndi feteleza phosphate.
M'nkhaniyi, mukhoza kuphunzira zonse za duwa lakuda, komanso momwe mungakulire pakhomo. Bzalani chomeracho mu bedi lanu la maluwa ndipo gwiritsani kuyang'ana kwa nsanje kwa anansi anu.
