Kulima

Mtengo wa mphesa wa Sushi - "Mbewu yopanda mbewu yopanda mbewu"

Kukula kwa mitundu ya mbewu zopanda mbewu, kukwera mtengo kwawo pamsika kukukakamiza obereketsa kuti abereke mitundu ndi makhalidwe amenewa.

Ngati mitunduyi imakhalanso yoyenera, idzakhala yofunikira kwambiri.

Mbiri ya mitundu yoswana

Mphesa iyi ndi ya tebulo yoyera yopanda mitundu ya mtundu wa ku Ulaya. Anthu obereketsa Chiyukireniya adalandira mphesa zosiyana siyana pambuyo poyenda magarach 417 (mbadwa ya Muscat early de Maydeira ndi Khalili white) ndi Magarach 653 (kuchokera ku Madeleine Anzhevin ndi Yakdon).

Zinyamazo poyamba zinalengedwa kuti kulima ku Crimea, komabe, zochitika zasonyeza kuti zikhoza kukula bwino kumadera akumwera a Ukraine ndi Russia, ndipo amapereka malo okwanira kumadera ena kumpoto. Mpesa uwu umapangidwanso mofulumira komanso mowa.

Korinka Russkaya, Arkady ndi Attika amanenedwa kuti ndi mphesa popanda mbewu.

Mphesa Suhranniy seedless: kufotokoza

Chitsamba cha mphesa chili ndi mphamvu yakukula. Mulibwinobwino, kutalika kwa chitsamba sikudutsa mamita ndi hafu mamita, koma pansi pa zikhalidwe zabwino zimatha kufika kutalika. Mpesa umakula bwino.

Chitsamba chili ndi korona yotseguka. Sizingakhale kokha kokha gwero la kukolola kokoma, komanso chokongoletsera chodabwitsa cha bwalo.

Sikokongoletsera kusiyana ndi mitundu ya Arched, Viking kapena Witchy yapadera.

Maonekedwe a masamba asanu otsekedwawo amakhala ochepa, kukula kwake ndikumeneko, kusakaniza kwawo kuli kochepa. Mtundu wa pamwamba pamwamba uli wobiriwira wobiriwira wodzaza. Tsamba pamwamba limawoneka makwinya.

Pamwamba akudula mawonekedwe otseguka, ozungulira. Pansi - yaying'ono-yoloza. Gawo la pansi la tsamba ndi pubescent pang'ono, pubescence ndi mulungu. Tsinde pinki. Kutalika kwake sikudutsa kutalika kwa mitsempha yamkati ya tsamba, nthawi zambiri yofupika kuposa iyo.

Maluwawo ndi abambo opatsirana pogonana, mlingo wa maluwawo ndi mlingo wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri.

Gurzufsky Rosy, Amethyst ndi Galahad amakhalanso ndi maluwa awiri.

Chithunzi

Mphesa Zithunzi "Mbewu yopanda mbewu":

Zipatso makhalidwe

Mbewu yamphesa yopanda mbewu imakhala ndi masango akuluakulu okhala ndi mapiko ambiri. Masamba a masentimita amasiyana pamtundu wa 300-400 magalamu, nthawi zina amatha kufika 500 g. Masamba a masango amakhala oposa komanso apamwamba kuposa oposa onse.

Mbali mitundu ya zipatso:

  • zoyera ndi mthunzi wa golide wachikasu pa mbali ya dzuwa;
  • kukula kwakukulu;
  • kulemera kwake 1.3-1.4 g;
  • khungu lofewa;
  • zamkati ndi zowonongeka, zowopsya pang'ono, zowutsa mudyo;
  • kukoma ndi kokoma, kophweka ndi kosangalatsa;
  • Zakudya za shuga ndi zazikulu, poyerekeza 14-16%, zipatso zowonjezera pa tchire zili ndi shuga zambiri;
  • acidity ndi yaing'ono, pafupifupi imperceptible, sichiposa 5-6 g / l.

Rosalind, Bulgaria ndi Arkady amasonyezanso shuga wamkulu.

Mbali za fruiting ndi kukula

Mbali yabwino ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakuti zitsamba zomwe zili pamwambapa zimakhala zosasunthika ku nthaka. Mphesa zimakhala ndi nthawi yofulumira ya zipatso zopangidwa ndi kucha kwa mbewu.

Pansi pa zikhalidwe za Crimea, kuyambira pachiyambi cha nyengo yokula mpaka nthawi yokwanira ya zipatso, masiku 80-85 apitako (kupatula kuti chiwerengero cha yogwira kutentha sichichepera 1800 ° C). Mitengoyi imapanga zipatso zosiyanasiyana chaka ndi chaka, kubweretsa zokolola pafupifupi 100 c / ha.

Izi ndi zosangalatsa: Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyo kuthekera kwake kuti apange zipatso komanso pazitsamba. Choncho, ngakhale pangozi zowonongeka ku mpesa waukulu, mukhoza kuwona zokolola.

Mpaka 70% mwa mphukira za zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zipatso zogwira ntchito. Poganizira kuti mphesayi imakhala ndi zipatso zambiri ndipo imatha kupanga, kuphatikizapo pambali ya nthambi, zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuwonjezera mphesa ndi mbewu ndipo zimayenera kupanga bwino.

Mfundo zofunika! Pambuyo kudulira pa chitsamba chilichonse ayenera kusiya kuposa 25-30 zipatso mphukira. Mphukira zonse zopanda chitukuko ziyenera kuchotsedwa, makamaka zofunika kwambiri kuonetsetsa izi mu zaka zapamwamba kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti muzidula mpesa pa mlingo wa mabowo 3-4.

Mphesa imeneyi ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha, chisanu chotsutsa chiri pansipa. Mpesa umafuna malo ogonera. M'zigawo zotentha, ndikwanira kukongoletsa chitsamba kapena kukwera mbali yake.

Hadji Murat, Kadinali ndi Ruta ali olemekezeka chifukwa cha chikondi chawo cha chikondi.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzidwa ndi matenda akuluakulu a fungal. Mphesa zimadabwa ndi mildew, oidium, gray ndi white rot. M'zaka zamvula chifukwa chaichi, mankhwala ambiri amafunika.

Musanyalanyaze njira zotetezera matenda monga anthracnose, chlorosis ndi kansa ya bakiteriya.

Mwa tizirombo, pali kuwonjezereka kochulukira kwa mitundu yosiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwa madontho, omwe akukhudzana ndi shuga wapamwamba wa zipatso zake. Mitundu imeneyi imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo tina pamtingo.

Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta za kulima, mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ingalimbikitsidwe kulima m'madera akum'mwera chifukwa cha malonda ake ogulitsa, nthaka yochepa, komanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Okondedwa alendo! Siyani yankho lanu pa mphesa yam'mwamba yopanda mbewu mu ndemanga pansipa.