Zachilendo tillandia maluwa adzakongoletsa chilichonse chamkati. Chodabwitsa chokhazikika chomwe chimakhalapo nthawi zonse, chikufalikira ku South America, sichimangoganizira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, koma ndi njira yolima popanda mizu. Gwirizanitsani, chipewa chachikulu chobiriwira ndi maluwa okongola chikuwoneka mwachindunji pazitsulo zamatabwa kapena zamtambo zopachikidwa popanda maluwa. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imalimidwa m'njira yachikhalidwe. Zina mwazo zimayambira kwambiri, zina zimachokapo, zina zimakhala ndi masamba apadera. M'chilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu a zomera zokongola izi. Taganizirani za khumi zokongola kwambiri.
Osadziwika (Tillandsia usneoides)
Tillandsii usneevidnuyu wotchedwa wotchedwa "Cyanea" kapena "spanish (louisian) moss". Mbali yeniyeni ya mitunduyo ndi mtundu wofewa wosaoneka wa filiform wa mtundu wowala umene umamatirira mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo kapena zitsamba zazikulu. Chomeracho sichimatsogolera moyo wa parasitic, koma amagwiritsa ntchito zomera zozungulira ngati chithandizo. Kuti kukula bwino, tillandsia amange mphukira zazing'ono ndi kutayika pansi. Ma epiphytes ameneŵa ndi okongola kwambiri m'madera awo amwala ku Bolivia, kumene amakwera pamwamba mamita 3.5.
Mukudziwa? Karl Linney anakhulupirira kuti chomera chatsopano cha Caraguata chimawopa madzi ndipo chimatetezedwa kwa icho ndi chokhazikika pa masamba. Pogwirizana ndi chinthu ichi, chomwe, monga patapita nthawi, chinali cholakwika, chikhalidwecho chinatchedwanso Tillandsia. Anapatsidwa dzina limeneli polemekeza pulofesa wamankhwala, "bambo wa mabomba a ku Finnish" Elias Tillands.
Botanists amatsutsa kuti ali ndi ufulu wambiri, ngakhale kuti ndi ofanana, sichichulukitsa mikangano, komanso zimakhala zovuta. Kufalikira kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi mphepo, yomwe imatulutsa tirigu wokolola, kupita nawo kumalo atsopano. Ngakhale kudula kwa mapesi, chomerachi chimayamba mizu m'madera omwe mitundu ina imawoneka yosasangalatsa. Mapepala ake owopsa ndi owopsa kwambiri. Kupyolera mwa iwo, duwa lochokera kunja limalandira chinyezi chofunikira ndi zakudya. Pamwamba pa nyengo ya kukula, masamba obiriwira a bluish amaoneka kuchokera ku zitsamba zobiriwira zobiriwira za kapu.
Siliva (Tillandsia argentea)
Mtundu uwu wa tillandia umasankhidwa ndi asayansi ku gulu la mlengalenga, lomwe amayamba m'njira yopanda pake. Kunja, chomeracho chili ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri a siliva omwe amakula mosavuta. Pamunsi iwo amakula pang'ono, ndipo amakhala ndi nsonga pamalangizo. Malingana ndi dera lakulima, kuyambira pa June mpaka August kutalika kwa peduncle ndi masamba ochepa achikasu amachotsedwa pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi kulima kwa tillandsia kumunda, chilimbikitso ndi 19-20 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - mkati mwa 13-18 ° С. Maluwa okongola amachitapo kanthu mofulumira kusintha ndi kutentha kwadzidzidzi.
Kuyambira patali, chikhalidwe chikufanana ndi masamba ouma a masamba a timothy. Amakhala pamitengo ya mitengo ndi miyala. Amakonda malo abwino popanda direct ultraviolet. M'nyumbayi makope amenewa amapezeka bwino kumpoto kummawa kapena kumadzulo. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ikhoza kukongoletsa makonde ndi masitepe.
Maluwa osatha monga aster, carnation, bluebell, rudbeckia, heliopsis, coriopsis, gelenium, monarda ndi chrysanthemum, komanso tillandia, amakula bwino m'malo okongola.
Sitnikova (Tillandsia juncea)
Tillandsiya titanic ndi epiphyte yaing'ono, kutalika kwa 25 cm mpaka theka la mita. Mbali yeniyeni ya chikhalidwe imasonkhanitsidwa mumsana wa buluu wamtambo wobiriwira. Pakati pa nyengo, phokoso lofiira lofiirira ndi laling'ono la lilac-violet limapezeka kuchokera ku panicle. Amakonda zipinda zowonongeka kwambiri, chifukwa amadyetsa masamba. Musalekerere mpweya wouma ndi ozizira.
Buluu (Tillandsia cyanea)
Tillandsiya buluu imasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya magulu a epiphytic ndi masamba ochepa omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette, ofanana ndi tirigu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Pakubereka mpaka tillandsii akudikirira mpaka ataya mizu yoyamba. Polekanitsa ana kuchokera kuchipatala, pitirizani mosamala kuti musawononge mizu yofooka ya tsinde. Magawo ayenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mbali yamtundu wa tillandia ya masamba a buluu ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiira pamunsi ndi mzere wofiirira mpaka utali wonse. Monga mamembala ena a mtundu wa herbaceous epiphytes kuchokera m'banja la Bromeliad, Mapepala a leaf ali ndi miyeso yonyenga yomwe imathandiza maluwa kukhala ndi chinyezi komanso zakudya zabwino. M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu imatulutsira elliptical spikelet ndi maziko ochepetsetsa ndi lilac-pinki yaying'ono bracts. Mwa iwo, maluwa ang'onoang'ono a buluu-lilac okhala ndi rhombic phala mawonekedwe pang'onopang'ono amaoneka kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pamphepete. Pa nthawi yomweyo, osapitirira 2 masamba akhoza kutsutsa pa spikelet.
Kuthamangira kunja
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanitsa ndi masamba a masamba obiriwira omwe amaoneka ngati katatu kakang'ono, kuyambira masentimita 7 mpaka masentimita 20 ndipo kuchokera ku masentimita 0,5 mpaka 1 masentimita. Pamunsiyi amasonkhanitsidwa mumtambo wakuda kwambiri wa panicle. Kuchokera kwa izo kumawonekera peduncles pang'onopang'ono ndi inflorescences. Zimakonzedweratu muzitsulo zokhala ndi mazira osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri ndi pinki kapena yofiira. Zitsulo zotsikazo zimawoneka zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, zomwe ndizitali kwambiri kuposa zonse. Amaphimba pang'ono masamba osakhwima ndi mabala obiriwira kapena ofiirira.
Ndikofunikira! Tillandsia imakhala yovuta kwambiri kumenyana ndi zilonda, bowa ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana. Choncho, poona kuwonetsetsa kwapadera kwa masamba, mdima ndi mbale pa izo, nthawi yomweyo pitani kuchipatala. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Aktara") tidzapulumutsa maluwa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi fungicides ("Fundazole") kuchokera ku bowa ndi mavairasi.
Tricolor (Tillandsia tricolor)
Tillandsiya tricolor amadziwika ndi masamba obiriwira, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamunsi. Kutalika kwake kumatha kusiyana pakati pa masentimita 20, ndi m'lifupi -1 masentimita. Kumbuyo kwa masamba a bluish timing'onoting'ono timayang'anitsitsa. Panthawi ya budding kuchokera ku foliar panicle, mphukira yotalika ikuwonekera. Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya izi, inflorescences ndi ophweka, pamene ena amalankhula kapena ovuta. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ziphuphu zomwe zimawoneka ngati chowulungika zimachotsedwa. Zomwe zili zosiyana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapezeka pamtunda wobiriwira. Kumtunda kawirikawiri kumakhala kobiriwira, pakati ndikumtundu, ndipo m'munsimu muli kapezi woyera. Mu mtundu wina extravaganza amawonekera maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira ndi mapepala ofiira a diamondi.
Epiphytes ndi zomera zomwe zimamera pa zomera zina. Kuwonjezera pa tillandia, amakhalanso: orchid, guzmaniya, Decembrist (mtengo wa Khirisimasi, zygokaktus), Achmea, Platicerium ndi Vriesia.
Tillandsia ionantha
Violet mpakaandia amadziwika mosavuta ndi chida chokongola cha masamba a siliva ndi m'mphepete mwa mpiru. M'chilimwe mapiko ake amatembenukira wofiira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsikazo zimakhala ndi masamba a buluu. Kuchokera patali, zikuwoneka ngati maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe ali ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso mtima wabuluu unakula kuchokera kuima.
Mukudziwa? Tsiku lina m'masiku a wophunzira ake, pamene Elias Tilland anayenera kuchoka ku Stockholm kupita ku Turku pafupi ndi nyanja, adadwala kwambiri. Imeneyi inali ulendo womaliza wa panyanja wa mnyamatayo. Pobwerera kumbuyo, ankakonda kuyenda ulendo wa makilomita 2000 (pamtunda wa makilomita 300) kufupi ndi Botanical Bay. Kuchokera apo, Tillander watchedwa Tillland, yomwe inamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Swedish imatanthauza "ndi nthaka", "nthaka".
Mutu wa jellyfish (Tillandsia caput-medusae)
Tillandsiya "mutu wa jellyfish" amapanga babu yaying'ono, yomwe ili ndi maziko a masamba. Pamwamba pa tsamba lililonse tsamba ndilopotoka kapena kumbali. Chomeracho chimalandira gawo lofunikira la chinyezi kudzera mu sinasi ya tsamba pa babu. Ndiko komwe kumaphatikizapo madzi okwanira omwe amatsika pansi pamasamba ndipo amatengeka. "Mutu wa jellyfish" umaphulika ndi maonekedwe ofiira omwe amawoneka ngati ofiira, omwe amapezeka m'maluwa obiriwira a buluu.
Duer (Tillandsia dyeriana)
Mitunduyi imawoneka yokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha peduncle, yomwe kutalika kwake kuli kawiri kukula kwa mbewu yokha. Amatulutsa inflorescence osasunthika ndi mabala ofiira olemera. Pakulemera kwa maluwa, muviwo umapanga arc. Mitengo yambiri yamafuta ya tillandsii ndi yobiriwira kwambiri ndi mthunzi pang'ono. Palibe tsinde.
Linden (Tillandsia lindenii)
Mtundu uwu wa tillandia uli ndi zofanana zambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya buluu. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo kuli mu mtundu wa bracts. Ku Linden ndi penti lofiira kapena lofiira kwambiri, ndipo maluŵa ali ndi mabala a buluu ndi "asterisk" yoyera. Masamba ndi ofanana, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pamatumba 30-55. Kutalika kwa mbeu sikudutsa 25 cm.
Mukudziwa? Tillandsia ndi ya kagulu kakang'ono ka mbeu kamene pamakhala maluwa omwe amayi amafa, ndipo ana akupitirizabe kukula.
Mu nyumba yabwino kwambiri maluwa opanda mzu ndi tsinde adzapeza malo mu mphika wa maluwa, ndipo kwinakwake pamtengo wamatabwa, mwala. Mitundu yapadziko lapansi yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba awo obiriwira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa malo otsekemera, mabotolo, kapena kukula m'mitsuko yaing'ono. Koma epiphytic tillandsii, yomwe imadziwika ndi mbale ya masamba, imasowa nthaka. Zikhoza kumangiriridwa ku chitsamba chokula, mtengo kapena miyala. Inu ndi alendo anu mudzadabwa ndi chozizwitsa chotero.
