Cherry ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimathandiza kuti mukhale ndi njala.
Cherry imadyedwa mwatsopano, zouma ndi zamzitini. Kupanikizana, kupanikizana, compotes, syrups, extracts, liqueurs ya zipatso, vinyo ndi madzi opanga amapangidwa kuchokera kwa izo.
Achinyamata a Cherry ali wamba chifukwa cha zokolola zake ndi zokoma zokoma zipatso, kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa zosiyanasiyana, ndemanga za wamaluwa, zithunzi za chipatso ndi mtengo wokha mu nkhaniyi.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Ndi anthu ochepa chabe amene amadziwa kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zinapezeka mu Selection Yonse ndi Russian Technology Institute of Horticulture and Nursery H.D. Enikeevkomanso kutenga nawo mbali S.N. Satarova.
Achinyamata Cherry adapezeka chifukwa cha kudutsa mitundu monga Lyubskaya ndi Vladimirskaya.
Zowonjezera zomwe zinapezeka mu bukhu la boma zinalowa mu 1993 ku Central Region.
Kwa dera lomweli, mitundu monga Yenikeev Memorial, Zhivitsa, Turgenevka inalengedwa.
Maonekedwe
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a chitumbuwa ndi zipatso zake.
Mtengo
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa wa achinyamata uli osati wamtali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri wamkati kapena wotsika, nthawi zina pamakhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tchire, amakhala pafupifupi kuzungulira pang'ono.
Zitsamba za Cherry ndizosawona zachilendo, koma zimabala chipatso choposa mtengo wamtali wokhala ndi korona wokongola. Chitsamba chimodzi chingapereke mpaka makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri okolola mabulosi nthawi iliyonse. Ngati tikulankhula za zokolola zambiri za chitumbuwa, ndiye izi 10-11 makilogalamu.
Zokolola zabwino zingathenso kudzitama ndi Lebedyanskaya, Toy ndi Chokoleti.
Zouma zowopsya masika mphepo sizowopsa kwa chitumbuwa ichi, makamaka masamba, sichidzavulaza maluwa ake, ngakhale kuti mtengo wokha uli wofooka. Masamba a anyamata ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo amang'ambika m'mphepete mwake.
Mtengo wokwera mtengo wa mtengo ndi 2.5 mamita, sizitali kwambiri, komanso n'zosatheka kukwera mtengo wa chitumbuwa chifukwa zimatha mosavuta.
Zipatso
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za zipatso za mtengo uwu. Kulawa zipatso zokoma ndi zakuda, mukhale ndi masitimu ambiri ndi fupa laling'ono la beige, lomwe limakhala losabala zipatso zosabala.
Zipatso zachangu zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mchere wosiyanasiyana, popeza uli ndi kukoma kokoma kuposa asidi. Morozovka, Podbelskaya ndi Dessert Morozova ndi mitundu ya mchere.
Mtundu wa chitumbuwa chokoma ndi maroon, mawonekedwewo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Mabulosi amodzi akulemera pafupifupi 4.5 g.
Fruiting imapezeka pamagulu a chaka chatha kapena maluwa.
Komanso zipatso za unyamata zimapanga kupanikizana, jams, juisi ndi zina zoteteza. Sitiyenera kuphonya mfundo yakuti zipatso zamatcherizi zimapirira kayendetsedwe ka bwino, chifukwa thupi lawo ndi lolimba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira malire sikunayamikiridwe, koma Mitundu Yachinyamata Cherry ndi imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri lero, ndiye chithunzi ndi kufotokozera zonse.
Chithunzi
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Chitumbuwa cha achinyamata chomwe chimadziwika zabwino fruiting. Ripen zipatso ayambe kumapeto kwa July. Ulemu wosadziwika wa unyamata ukhoza kutchedwa chimenecho Mtengowu ndi wovuta kwambiri ku matenda a fungal.
Kawirikawiri, yamatcheri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda monga coccomycosis ndi moniliasis, koma ngati mukukula Achinyamata, vutoli silingathe kukuvutitsani.
Kulimbana ndi coccomycosis ndi mitundu monga Vyanok, Ural Ruby ndi Novella.
Ambiri amatsitsika ndi matenda aliwonse a chitumbuwa otentha nthawi yamvula. Wood processing akadali kofunika, kotero inu kuteteza kwathunthu ku zochitika za bowa.
Achinyamata Cherry - odzikondai.e. Mitengo yolima mungu m'dera lomwe safunika. Choncho, ngati mungazindikire kuti nyengo siimathandiza kuti njuchi zizitha kuuluka, nkhawa ndi chabe.
Volochaevka, Lighthouse ndi zaka zofanana akhoza kudzitamandira kudzikonda.
Zokolola zidzakhala zabwino komanso zopatsaNdi chifukwa chake mnyamatayo amadziwika kuti ndi yamatcheri odalirika kwambiri.
Molodezhnaya alibe zaka zina zomwe zimabereka zipatso bwino, ndipo zomwe zimakhala ndi zipatso zochepa kwambiri, mtengo uwu amasangalala ndi lalikulu yowutsa mudyo zipatso lalikulu zedi chaka chilichonse.
Pakuti izi ndi zosiyana kudzikuzakale mu chaka chachinayi kapena chisanu cha kukula, chitumbuwa chimayamba kubereka zipatso.
Komanso mtengo ukuwonetsa kukana kuzizira kwachisanu ndi chisanu, kuuma kwambiri mu chilimwe.
Katumbuwayu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pollinator kwa mitundu yamtsogolo.
Mungathe kukumana ndi achinyamata m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, Ukraine, Belarus.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Achinyamata a Cherry komanso mtengo uliwonse ndi mtengo wa mabulosi amafunika kusamalidwa, koma ntchito yofunikira imathandizidwanso ndi kubzala bwino, malo osankhidwa ndi nthawi.
Tikufika
Kuti muike achinyamata, mukufunikira kwambiri mosamala musankhe malo oti mupite.
Kuonjezeranso zipatso za mtengo muzinthu zambiri zimadalira.
Malo oterowo sayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, ndipo simungabzala achinyamata pa malo apamwamba.
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala mwana ndi nyengo
Kudyetsa yamatcheri ndi kofunikira pamapiri, pafupi ndi madzi pansi, chifukwa kumafuna chinyezi chambiri kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala zofooka zamchere zamchere zamchere, ndipo ngati palibe zotheka, Salowerera ndaleMchere wa acid umatanthauza zambiri.
Malo otsetsereka ayenera kuyatsa bwino, ndipo asamalire izi.
Ngati mwasankha kupanga zipatso zamaluwa, mitengo iyenera kuyesedwa patali pafupifupi mamita atatu kuchokera pamtunda.
Timayendetsa mwachindunji ku ndondomekoyi. Ayenera kukumba dzenje 40 masentimita akuya ndi masentimita 80 m'mimba mwake. Musanayambe kamera kakang'ono ku dzenje, m'pofunika kutsanulira fetereza mu mawonekedwe a manyowa ndi nayitrogeni kotero kuti chitumbuwa chinagwidwa. Ngati mutabzala mukuzindikira kuti mizu ina yowonongeka, muyenera kuichotsa.
Mtengo ukadzabzala kuzungulira Muyenera kupanga dzenje lomwe liyenera kudzazidwa ndi manyowa kapena, mwachitsanzo, utuchi.
Izi zimachitidwa kuti dothi likhalebe ndi chinyezi chimene achinyamata akusowa kwambiri.
Ngati mutabzala mbande ziwiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mutenge nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zimachokera ku nthambi yomwe ili kumbali yoyenera.
Pambuyo pake, lembani mafupa otchedwa cherry - nthambi zitatu, pomwe mukufuna kudula mphukira zonse. Chokhachokha n'chakuti n'zosatheka kudula nthambi zomwe zimabwera pamtunda wa digiri 90 kuchokera pa thunthu.
Pofuna kukula ndi chitukuko chachinyamata chaka chilichonse chimafunika kudya ndi nayitrogeni feteleza, Mtengo waukulu, fetereza amafunika kwambiri.
M'nyengo yophukira imathandizanso kudyetsa mtengo, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira potashi ndi phosphate feteleza. Ngati n'kotheka, manyowa nthaka ndi manyowa.
Achinyamata, monga tanena kale, Zimatengera madzi ambiri kuti akule bwino.
Choncho, ngakhale mutabzala pamalo pomwe madzi akuyenda pafupi, kachiwiritsanso kachiwiri mnyamatayo sanavulazepo ndipo adzapindula mtengo wa fruiting basi.
Mmera pLimu kwa zaka 4-5 zoyamba, idzakhala chitetezo chabwino pamtengo.
Mitengo yochepa ya mitengo iyi ndi mofulumira kwambiri Nthambi zatsopano zikuwonekera chimodzimodzi, kotero muyenera kuzichotsa bwino, kusiya zokhazokha.
Chisamaliro
Chilichonse chomwe chinalipo komanso mumtundu uliwonse mtengo wanu uyenera kukula, umafuna feteleza wambiri. Udzu wa dothi panthawi yodzala ndi kuonjezera mchere wa mineral dobrov - izi ndi zomwe zidzathandiza achinyamata kukhala ndi fruiting ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo.
Achinyamata amakonda mpweya, musawope kutsanulira madzi, kuwopa kuti musatsanulire. Pofuna kuti nthaka ikhale yowonjezera, ikani dongo kapena njerwa zazing'ono pamtengo.
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yopereka chitumbuwa ndi kuchuluka kokwanira kwa chinyezi pamene kuthirira sikuchitika nthawi zambiri.
Sizingatheke kuti dothi liume, ngati kulibe mvula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kofunikira kupanga bungwe la kuthirira.
Mitundu yachinyamata yotchedwa cherry imafuna mtundu ndi chikondi. Pafupi ndi izo musayambe kubzala mitengo yambiri, kupatulapo mungu wawo. Malo amene achinyamata akukula ayenera kukhala bwino.
Izi ziyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse, popeza kudulira kumapatsa fruiting bwino mtengo. Chotsani nthambi zochuluka kwambiri, ndikusiya zolimba ndi zolimba.
Ambiri amaluwa amalingalira kuti nthambi ziyenera kufupikitsidwa ndi korona wa 2-2.5 mamita. Pofuna kudulira, simukusowa kukhala mlimi, ndikwanira kutenga udindo pa nkhaniyi.
Mbali yam'mwamba ya chitumbuwa iyenera kudulidwa pafupifupi 50 cm pachaka (uwu ndi mtengo wa zaka 4-5).
Pamene mukudulira, yikani mtengo kuti pakhale nthawi yabwino kusonkhanitsa chipatsocho, pangani malo otsogolera.
Muyeneranso kuchita zowononga kudulira, ndiko kuti, kuchotsani nthambi zakale ndi mphukira.
Kawirikawiri, anyamatawa sagonjetsedwa ndi chimfine ndi mphepo, koma mtengowo umayenera kutetezedwanso nthawi yachisanu.
Zima-mitundu yolimba ndi Zhukovskaya, Morozovka ndi Novella.
Choyamba, timateteza yamatcheri kuchokera ku makoswe, omwe sasiya kudya mizu ya chitumbuwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa mizu, m'pofunika kubisa mtengo pansi, kapena kukhazikitsa malo osungirako kuti asafike.
Njira yoyamba ndi yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mitengo yambiri idzamangidwanso kwa nthawi yaitali. Kupereka chitetezo chowonjezereka, muzuwo umaphimbidwa ndi moss.
Tikukupemphani kuti tiwone vidiyoyi ponena za kulengedwa kwabwino kwa mitengo ya zipatso.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Achinyamata sakhala ndi matenda a fungalzomwe zimakhala pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya yamatcheri omwe amakula m'dera lathu. Koma palinso zoopsa zina za mtundu wa chitumbuwa.
Imodzi mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri kwa Achinyamata ndi monilioz Matendawa amawonetseredwa ndi kuyanika pang'onopang'ono nthambi za chitumbuwa, mtengowo ukhoza kukhala wochepa kapena wowonongeka.
Mukapeza kuti Youth Cherry wanu akudwala ndi moniliosis, choyamba chotsani nthambi zomwe zili ndi kachilombo (kuphatikizapo 15-20 masentimita a nkhuni zabwino).
Nthambi zodulidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa kuti zisawononge kufalikira kwa matenda ena a mitengo ndi zomera.
Palinso matenda oterewa a chitumbuwa monilial kutentha. Chotsani izo si zophweka. Monilial kutentha, kawirikawiri imawonekera panthawi yamaluwa.
Njira yokhayo yotulukira ndiyo kuwaza nkhuni ndi njira yapadera.
Ndikoyenera kuganizira kuti matendawa akufalikira mofulumira kwambiri, yang'anani mosamala mitengo yomwe imakula pafupi ndi yamatcheri a kachilomboka.
Kuda chikasu cha masamba a chitumbuwa si chizindikiro cha mtengo wathanzi. Chifukwa chachikulu cha masamba achikasu a unyamata ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
Masamba pa mtengo wodwalayo amasintha mtundu mofulumira, nthawi zambiri amafiira kufiira, kenako masamba amatha. Zikatero, nkofunika kudyetsa mtengo ndi nayitrogeni.
Polima achinyamata palibe mavuto enaake. Yendani pa bizinesiyi ndi udindo ndipo mwamsanga mutha kukhala ndi zokometsetsa zokometsetsa, komanso mwayi wokhala ndi zipatso zatsopano za chitumbuwa.
